RSMinerve Users Manual

Centre de Recherche sur lEnvironnement Alpin (CREALP)
HydroCosmos SA

RS MINERE

RS MINERE ! "sers M#nu#l v$%$&

July 2014
For Software version 1.1

Approved for Public Release. Distribution nli!ited
Centre de recherche sur lenvironnement #lpin (CREALP)

HydroCosmos SA

Authors'

Al#in ()EHN "R#A$P
*#vier +ARCIA HERNAN,E- "R#A$P
Aur.lien CLA",E "R#A$P
/#stien R)0"IER %ydro"os!os S.A.
*#vier PARE,ES AR0"I)LA P&
*e#n!Louis /)ILLA1 $"% ' #PF$

Please refer t(is tec(nical !anual as )
(oehn2 A%2 +#rc3# Hern4nde52 *%2 Cl#ude2 A%2 Ro6uier2 /%2 P#redes Ar6uiol#2 *% #nd /oill#t2 *%!L% (&7$8)% RS MINERVE Users
manual v1.12% RS MINERE +roup2 S9it5erl#nd%

RS *+,#R&# - ser.s *anual Pa/e 0123

Inde:

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 4
"(apter 1) +ntroduction ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 *anual.s structure .................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 +nstallation procedure ............................................................................................................. 3
1.0 pdates installation ................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 6(e RS *+,#R&# !ain window ............................................................................................... 5
1.4 6(e Searc( tool ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Settin/s .................................................................................................................................... 2
1.7 $ist of 8eyboard s(ortcuts and !ouse actions ...................................................................... 10
"(apter 2) %ydrolo/ical !odels ............................................................................................................ 11
2.1 9ase ob:ects ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Standard ob:ects .................................................................................................................... 10
2.0 "reation of a (ydrolo/ical !odel .......................................................................................... 10
2.4 #;portation of a sub!odel .................................................................................................... 14
2.4 *odel conversion .................................................................................................................. 13
"(apter 0) Database .............................................................................................................................. 12
0.1 6(e RS Database tool ............................................................................................................ 12
0.2 "reation of a database .......................................................................................................... 20
0.0 Data for!at ........................................................................................................................... 20
0.4 "onnection of a database to a !odel ................................................................................... 21
+nteraction between t(e database and t(e active !odel ............................................................. 21
"(apter 4) Si!ulation ............................................................................................................................ 22
4.1 Run a !odel ........................................................................................................................... 22
4.2 Results visuali<ation wit( t(e Selection and Plots ................................................................. 20
4.0 #;port 1 +!port of results to a database ............................................................................... 24
"(apter 4) *odel calibration ................................................................................................................ 24
4.1 Sin/le sub'basin calibration ................................................................................................... 24
*odel.s perfor!ance evaluation .................................................................................................. 24
*anual para!eters ad:ust!ent ................................................................................................... 24
Auto!atic para!eters ad:ust!ent ............................................................................................... 23
4.2 "o!plete basin calibration .................................................................................................... 27

"(apter 3) %ydraulic structures ............................................................................................................ 25
3.1 %ydraulic structure ob:ects ................................................................................................... 25
3.2 Re/ulation ob:ects ................................................................................................................. 22
Addition of a reservoir ................................................................................................................... 22
Addition of a 6urbineD9 ob:ect ..................................................................................................... 00
Addition of an %= ob:ect ............................................................................................................... 01
Si!ulation wit( i!ple!ented structures...................................................................................... 01
3.4 Addition of a re/ulation......................................................................................................... 02
Addition of a re/ulation ................................................................................................................ 02
Si!ulation wit( t(e re/ulation i!ple!ented ............................................................................... 05
"(apter 7) RS #;pert .............................................................................................................................. 02
7.1 Auto!atic calibration ............................................................................................................ 02
"alibration confi/uration............................................................................................................... 02
"alibration start1stop .................................................................................................................... 41
"alibration results ......................................................................................................................... 41
*ultiple calibration ....................................................................................................................... 40
7.2 6i!e'slice si!ulation ............................................................................................................. 44
6i!e'slice confi/uration ................................................................................................................ 44
6i!e'slice start1stop...................................................................................................................... 44
6i!e'slice results ........................................................................................................................... 44
7.0 Scenario si!ulation ............................................................................................................... 47
Scenarios confi/uration ................................................................................................................. 45
6i!e'slice start1stop...................................................................................................................... 42
Scenarios results ............................................................................................................................ 42
"(apter 5) RS >+S ................................................................................................................................... 40
5.1 RS >+S interface ..................................................................................................................... 40
+!portation of new layers ............................................................................................................. 40
+nstallation of t(e R pro:ect wit( predefined libraries .................................................................. 40
5.2 #levation 9and "reator ?EB Creator@ ..................................................................................... 41
#9 "reator interface ...................................................................................................................... 41
Data reAuire!ents ........................................................................................................................ 42
Procedure ...................................................................................................................................... 42
"(apter 2) #;a!ples of application ....................................................................................................... 44
2.1 #;a!ple 1 - Si!ple basin wit( only runoff ........................................................................... 44
2.2 #;a!ple 2 - "o!bined full basin wit( !eteorolo/ical stations ........................................... 32
2.0 #;a!ple 0 - #Auipped basin wit( a (ydropower sc(e!e..................................................... 74
2.4 #;a!ple 4 - Auto!atic calibration of a !odel ..................................................................... 55
9iblio/rap(y ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Appendi; 1) $ist of para!eters and initial conditions ............................................................................. 1

(ore9ord
Routin/ Syste! ++B was developed at t(e $aboratory of %ydraulic "onstructions ?$"%@ at t(e
#cole Polytec(niAue FCdCrale de $ausanne ?#PF$@. 6(e pro/ra! si!ulated t(e for!ation of
free surface run'off flow and its propa/ation. +t !odelled (ydrolo/ical and (ydraulic co!ple;
networ8 accordin/ to a se!i'distributed conceptual sc(e!e. +n addition to particular
(ydrolo/ic processes suc( as snow!eltB /lacier !eltB surface and under/round flowB
(ydraulic control ele!ents ?e./. /atesB spillwaysB diversionsB :unctionsB turbines and pu!ps@
were also incorporated.
%avin/ as base t(e pro/ra! Routin/ Syste! ++B RS MINERE was al!ost co!pletely recoded
to produce a pro/ra! t(at is already a reference for (ydrolo/ical and (ydraulic !odelin/.
6(rou/( 8ey partners(ips and its use in !any study casesB new features and additional
(ydrolo/ical ob:ects (ave been developed. 6(e software interface (as also been ret(ou/(t
and redesi/ned to si!plify its use.
A /lobal analysis of a (ydrolo/ic'(ydraulic networ8 is essential for !ost of t(e cases li8e t(e
opti!i<ation of (ydropower plantsB t(e desi/n and re/ulation of spillways or t(e
develop!ent and opti!i<ation of an appropriate flood protection concept. RS *+,#R&#
allows suc( 8ind of analysis due to its si!ple and user'friendly interface and its open
structure facilitatin/ t(e i!ple!entation and adaptation of new develop!ents.
+n t(is new versionB r#in;#ll!runo;; +SMB S)C)N1B SAC!SMAB +R8* and H/ models are
available for !odelin/ t(e (ydrolo/ical be(avior of waters(eds. 6(e inclusion of a
consumption model allows includin/ cities and far!lands and calculates water deficits. A
hydropo9er model co!putes t(e net (ei/(t and t(e linear pressure lossesB providin/
ener/y production values and total inco!e based on t(e turbine perfor!ance and on t(e
sale price of ener/y. A structure e;;iciency model co!putes effects of disc(ar/e losses in a
structure suc( a canal or a pipe by considerin/ a si!ple efficiency coefficient.
6(e develop!ent of an RS E:pert moduleB specifically created for researc( institutesB allows
evaluatin/ easily (ydrolo/ic and (ydraulic results. 1ime!slice simul#tion facilitates t(e
analysis of lar/e data sets wit(out overloadin/ t(e co!puter !e!ory. Scen#rio simul#tion
introduced t(e possibility of si!ulatin/ !ultiple weat(er scenarios or several sets of
para!eters and initial conditions to study t(e variability and sensitivity of t(e !odel results.
A final #utom#tic c#li<r#tion module wit( t(e S"# 'A al/orit(! calculates t(e best set of
(ydrolo/ical para!eters dependin/ on a variable ob:ective function and beco!es a 8ey
ele!ent of t(e new pro/ra!.
RS *+,#R&# pro/ra! is ;reely distri<uted to interested users. Several pro:ects and t(esis
(ave used and use t(is pro/ra! for study basins in Swit<erlandB Af/(anistanB SpainB Peru and
France. +n addition to t(e researc( center CREALP and t(e en/ineerin/ office
HydroCosmos SAB w(o currently develop RS *+,#R&#B two universities ?Ecole
Polytechni6ue (.d.r#le de L#us#nne and "niversit#t Polit=cnic# de #l=nci#@ wor8 closely
to/et(er to i!prove and use wit(in courses for *aster students of "ivil #n/ineerin/ and
#nviron!ental Sciences. Dt(er collaborationsB suc( as wit( t(e Hydro$7 Associ#tionB
co!ple!ent and en(ance t(e develop!ent of RS *+,#R&#.

"(apter 1 ) +ntroduction

Ch#pter $' Introduction
6(e Routin/ Syste! ++ pro/ra! was developed at t(e $aboratory of %ydraulic "onstructions
?$"%@ at t(e #cole Polytec(niAue FCdCrale de $ausanne ?#PF$@ ?Dubois et al.B 2000E >arcFa
%ernGnde< et al.B 2007@. +t was already used in different pro:ects and t(esisB suc( as by
Jordan ?2007@ or "laude ?2011@.
6(e pro/ra! presented (ereafterB RS *+,#R&#B is based on t(e sa!e concept t(an Routin/
Syste! ++. RS *+,#R&# is developed by t(e "R#A$P and %ydro"os!os SA wit( t(e
collaboration of t(e $aboratory of %ydraulic "onstructions ?$"%@ at t(e #cole Polytec(niAue
FCdCrale de $ausanne ?#PF$@ and t(e niversitat PolitHcnica de &alHncia ?P&@. +t (as been
also used in nu!erous pro:ects and t(esis ?e./. >arcFa %ernGnde<B 2011E "laudeB 2011@.
6(is first c(apter contains t(e structure of t(e !anualB t(e procedure to install and update
RS *+,#R&# and t(e overview of t(e RS *+,#R&# window.
$%$ M#nu#ls structure
6(e !anual is co!posed of nine !ain c(apters)
1. +ntroduction
2. %ydrolo/ical !odels
0. Database
4. Si!ulation
4. *odel calibration
3. %ydraulic structures
7. RS #;pert
5. RS >+S
2. #;a!ples of application

+n t(e different c(aptersB actions to be done by t(e user are presented in blue.
After t(e biblio/rap(yB t(e appendi; 1 presents in detail t(e different !odel.s para!eters
and initial conditions. +n addition to t(is ser.s !anualB t(e reader can also found all !odel
eAuations and file descriptions in t(e RS *+,#R&# - 6ec(nical *anual ?>arcFa et al.B 2014@
$%& Inst#ll#tion procedure
Proceed as follows to install RS *+,#R&# on your co!puter ?reAuires Iindows 7 or later
versions of Iindows@)
&isit t(e "R#A$P website ) (ttp)11www.crealp.c(
>o to Ressources 'J Logiciels 'J RS MINERVE 'J Tlchargemens
"lic8 on Download page: RS MINERVE
Read and accept t(e Terms and conditions for use of RSMINERE software!
"lic8 on Install and save t(e file.
Double'clic8 on Setup!e"e ?in t(e +nternet browser Downloads fra!e@ and follow t(e
installation procedure.
6o uninstall RS *+,#R&#B use t(e conventional uninstallation procedure in Iindows.

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(i>ure $ Structure of t(e RS *+,#R&# !ain window

$%? "pd#tes inst#ll#tion
I(en RS *+,#R&# is opened and if an +nternet connection is availableB RS *+,#R&#
connects to t(e server to c(ec8 if a new version is available. +f t(is is t(e caseB t(e user is
invited to install t(e new version by acceptin/ t(e update.

(i>ure & +nstallation of updates
$%8 1he RS MINERE m#in 9indo9
6(e structure of t(e RS *+,#R&# !ain window and t(e different fra!es co!posin/ it are
presented in Fi/ure 1.
6(e Interface fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@B in t(e !iddle of t(e RS *+,#R&# windowB allows t(e
visuali<ation of t(e !odel.s ob:ects.
+nteraction wit(in t(e Interface is possible wit( t(e !ouse.
se t(e scroll w(eel to <oo! in 1 <oo! out
Press t(e scroll w(eel and !ove t(e !ouse to !ove t(e interface window
1 clic8 on an ob:ect ?Fi/ure 0 ?b@@ 'J Select t(e ob:ect and !ove it in t(e interface
2 clic8s on an ob:ect ?t(e ob:ect is (i/(li/(tedB Fi/ure 0 ?c@@ 'J Display t(e #b$ect
description% Series and ot(er correspondin/ fra!es ?in t(e ri/(t part@.
#) <) c)

(i>ure ? #;a!ple of an unselected ob:ect ?a@B after one clic8 ?b@ and after two clic8s ?c@
$%@ 1he Se#rch tool
6o (elp in t(e navi/ationB t(e Searc& tool ?ri/(t'
fra!e@ allows t(e user to enter t(e na!e of an
ob:ect. All correspondin/ na!es are listed and a clic8
on t(e correct one opens t(e parent !odel and
(i/(li/(ts t(e researc(ed ob:ect.

(i>ure 8 6(e Searc( tool


$%A Settin>s
6(e user can access to t(e settin/s in t(e RS *+,#R&# fra!e. 6(enB a pop'up appears ?Fi/ure
4@.6(e user can c(an/e ne;t values)
6(e units of t(e all series of RS *+,#R&# ?PrecipitationB 6e!peratureB $en/t(BL@
6(e interpolation !et(od for !eteorolo/ical values)
o 6(iessen poly/ons) for usin/ t(e nearest !eteorolo/ical station
o S(epard !et(od) for values dependin/ on inverse distance wei/(tin/
6(e Potential #vapotranspiration ?#6P@ !et(od used in t(e (ydrolo/ical !odel. 6(e
#6P can be directly ta8en fro! DatabaseB or co!puted wit( one of t(e followin/
!et(ods )
o 6urc
o *c>uinness
o Dudin
o nifor! #6P

(i>ure @ RS *+,#R&# Settin/s window
6(e settin/s are saved in t(e user co!puter and are 8ept w(en t(e pro/ra! is opened a/ain.

$%B List o; Cey<o#rd shortcuts #nd mouse #ctions
6(e user can use a list of 8eyboard s(ortcuts ?6able 1@ as well as a list of !ouse actions over
t(e /rap(ics ?6able 2@.
1#<le $ $ist of 8eyboard s(ortcuts
Ctrl D N ,ew Pro:ect
Ctrl D ) Dpen Pro:ect
Ctrl D S Save Pro:ect
Ctrl D Shi;t D S Save as Pro:ect
Ctrl D E "lose Pro:ect

(@ Start Si!ulation
Shi;t D (@ Stop Si!ulation

Esc 9ac8 ?/o to (ierarc(ical (i/(er level@B
"ancel ob:ect selection ?w(en ob:ect type selected in Db:ects fra!e@

Sp#ce Switc( between Select and Connections
Ctrl D Sp#ce Switc( between Select and Transitions ?in a Re/ulation ob:ect only@

Ctrl 6o select !ore t(an one ob:ect or series

1#<le & $ist of !ouse actions in /rap(ics
!ver he a"es
Le;t clicC '
Ri>ht clicC #nd move the mouse Displace t(e current view
Move the scroll 9heel Koo! in 1 <oo! out
ClicC on scroll 9heel #nd move the mouse Select t(e <oo! <one
,ou<le clicC on scroll 9heel 9ac8 to default <oo!
!ver he ime series #lo
Le;t clicC Date and value of t(e nearest series point
Ri>ht clicC #nd move the mouse Displace t(e current view
Move the scroll 9heel Koo! in 1 <oo! out
ClicC on scroll 9heel #nd move the mouse Select t(e <oo! <one
,ou<le clicC on scroll 9heel 9ac8 to default <oo!

"(apter 2 ) %ydrolo/ical !odels

Ch#pter &' Hydrolo>ic#l models
RS *+,#R&# is an ob:ect'oriented !odelin/ software. 6(e different processes are !odeled
wit( eAuation'based ob:ectsB presented (ereafter in "(apters 2.1 ?Base ob$ects@ and 2.2
?Standard ob$ects@. '(draulic structures and Regulation ob:ects are presented in "(apter 3.
6(e i!ple!ented (ydrolo/ical !odels ?Snow'>S*B >lacier'>S*B >R0B SI** and >S*'
SD"D,6@ (ave been developed wit(in t(e fra!ewor8 of different researc( pro:ectsB na!ely
"R#M ?9CrodB 1224@B SIR&# ?Sc(Nfli O al.B 2004@ and *+,#R&#
1
?%a!di O al.B 2000B
2004@.
6(e (ydrolo/ical !odels %9& ?9er/strP! 1273B 1222@B >R4J ?Perrin et al.B 2000@ and SA"
?9urnas(B 1224@ (ave been also added to t(e software RS *+,#R&# for e;tendin/ t(e
(ydrolo/ical !odelin/ possibilities.
&%$ /#se o<Fects
6(e Base ob$ects are !ostly co!posed of t(e (ydro'!eteorolo/ical ob:ects. For !ore
detailsB see t(e 6ec(nical *anual.

Virual $eaher saion ' +t calculates t(e local !eteorolo/ical conditions
?precipitation ?P@B te!perature ?6@ and potential evapotranspiration ?#6P@@ based
on observed or forecasted data fro! t(e database and based on 6(iessen or
S(epard interpolations. +n additionB t(e #6P can be also calculated eit(er wit( a
constant value or fro! one of t(e different eAuations proposed by 6urc ?1244B
1231@B *c>uinness et 9ordne ?1272@ or Dudin ?2004@. 6(e !et(od can be
selected in t(e Settin/s ?see c(apter 1.3@. For !ore detailsB please refer to t(e
6ec(nical *anual of RS *+,#R&# ?>arcFa et al.B 2014@.

Sno9!+SM ' Si!ulates t(e ti!e evolution of t(e snow pac8 based on
te!perature ?6@ and precipitation ?P@. 6(e output is an eAuivalent precipitation
?P
eA
@ and t(e snow (ei/(t ?%@ proposed as input to ot(er !odels suc( as
Infiltration )*R+,B *lacier-*SM or S#C#NT.

%lacier&%SM ' +t calculates t(e volu!e of !elt flow fro! t(e /lacier based on
te!perature ?6@ and snow (ei/(t %
snow
?snow !elt for %
snow
J0 and ice !elt w(en
%
snow
Q0@.

In'ilraion (%R)* ' +t deter!ines t(e part of t(e /ross rainfall w(ic( participates in
t(e runoff as net rainfall ?i
,et
@ and t(e part stored in t(e soil producin/ t(e base
flow.

1
*+,#R&# ) *odClisation des +nte!pCries de ,ature #;trR!e du R(Sne &alaisan et de leurs #ffets ?*odelin/
of R(one e;tre!e floods in &alais and t(eir conseAuences@.


Runo'' (S+MM* ' 6(e runoff'based (ydro/rap( is calculated wit( t(is ob:ect fro!
a net rainfall ?i
,et
@.

%SM (%lacial Sno$ Mel* ' 6(e >S* ob:ect co!binesB in RS *+,#R&#B t(e Snow'
>S* and >lacier'>S* !odels ?Fi/ure 3@.

PB6
%
snow
B 6B P
eA
=
Ttot

(i>ure A "o!position of t(e >S* ob:ect

S!,!NT (S!il ,!NTri-uion* ' 6(e SD"D,6 ob:ect co!binesB in RS *+,#R&#B t(e
Snow'>S*B +nfiltration ?>R0@ and Runoff ?SI**@ !odels ?Fi/ure 7@.
PB6
P
eA
i
net
=
r
=
Ttot
#6P
=
>R0

(i>ure B "o!position of t(e SD"D,6 ob:ect
6(e para!eters of t(e S#C#NT and *SM ob:ects are t(e su! of para!eters of t(e ob:ects
co!posin/ t(eir co!binations. 6(e be(avior of t(e >S* and t(e SD"D,6 ob:ects and t(eir
respective co!bination is t(erefore eAuivalent.

./V ' 6(is inte/rated rainfall'runoff !odel is based on t(e %9& !odel. sin/ a
precipitation ?P@B a te!perature ?6@ and a potential evapotranspiration ?#6P@ as
inputsB it produces a total disc(ar/e ?=
tot
@ co!posed of a run'off flow ?=
r
@B an
interflow ?=
u
@ and a baseflow ?=
l
@.

%R01 ' 6(is ob:ect is based on t(e >R4J !odelB containin/ 4 para!eters. sin/ an
eAuivalent precipitation ?P
eA
@ and a potential evapotransipration ?#6P@ as inputsB
an outflow is calculated.

S2, ' 6(e SA"'S*A ?Sacra!ento'Soil *oisture Account@ ob:ect uses an eAuivalent
precipitation ?P
eA
@ and a potential evapotransipration ?#6P@ as inputs and provides
an outflow at t(e outlet of t(e subbasin.

,hannel reaches ' 6(e flow is transferred based on t(e Uine!atic and
*us8in/u!'"un/e ?1232B 1221@ eAuations.

1uncion ' 6(is ob:ect allows calculatin/ t(e addition of different flow inputs ?also
co!in/ fro! (ydraulic structures@.


&%& St#nd#rd o<Fects
6(e Standard ob$ects are co!ple!entary but /enerally necessary for feedin/B structurin/
and calibratin/ t(e !odel.

Time series - Data can be provided to t(e !odel as ti!e series ?ti!e in seconds@.
Data of any type ?FlowB 6e!peratureB PrecipitationB #6PB...@ can be directly
transferred to ot(er ob:ects.

Source ' Data can be also loaded fro! a database. Sources are !ostly used to
define flow ti!e series for turbine or pu!p flow and as reference flow for
calibration ?wit( a Comparator ob:ect@.

,om#araor ' 6(is ob:ect is used to co!pare t(e results of a si!ulation wit( a
reference data co!in/ fro! anot(er ob:ectB /enerally a Source. 9ot( ob:ects are
connected to t(e Comparator for results co!parison.

Su-mo3el ' A co!bination of ob:ects can be saved as a sub!odel and inte/rated
as suc( in a !odel.

%rou# Iner'ace ' +t allows transferrin/ t(e input or output variables between
different (ierarc(ical levels.

For (ydraulic structures ob:ects and re/ulation ob:ectsB please refer to "(apter 3.
&%? Cre#tion o; # hydrolo>ic#l model
6(e steps to create a (ydrolo/ical !odel for a natural basin ?wit(out (ydraulic structures@
are presented in t(is c(apter.
6o create t(e !odel
Dpen RS *+,#R&#.
"lic8 on t(e type of ob:ect to be added ?#b$ects fra!eB Fi/ure 1@. Iit( t(e pencilB
clic8 in t(e Interface to add t(e ob:ect. Repeat t(e operation for all ob:ects. +f t(e
wron/ ob:ect is selected in t(e #b$ects fra!eB use t(e Esc 8ey to cancel.
Select Connections in t(e Editing tools fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@ or press t(e space 8ey to
switc(B interconnect t(e ob:ects wit( blue arrows in t(e sense of flow and select t(e
variables?s@ concerned by t(e connections in t(e pop'ups ?Fi/ure 5@.
2

"(oose Select in t(e Editing tools fra!e or press t(e space 8ey to switc(.
9y clic8in/ on eac( ob:ect separatelyB
o Rena!e t(e ob:ects.
o *odify t(eir fi;ed para!eters ?suc( as coordinates for t(e Station and surface
for !ain (ydrolo/ical ob:ects@ in t(e Parameters fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@. See
Appendi; 1 for a co!plete list of para!eters and initial conditions.
o Define t(e .one of eac( ob:ect in t(e #b$ect fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@.
)

se V6abW to validate t(e .one nu!ber.

2
+n absence of water flowB connect arrows in t(e sense of infor!ation transfer.
0
6(e concept of .ones allows t(e !odification of a para!eter or initial condition to all t(e ob:ects contained in
t(e selected <one?s@ by attributin/ a uniAue value.


(i>ure G #;a!ple of a si!ple !odel
6o define t(e Parameters of t(e !odel ob:ects)
"lic8 on Parameters in t(e Parameters and ariables fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@.
Select an #b$ect t(pe and a .one Id in t(e Selection fra!e ?Fi/ure 2@. se Ctrl to select
!ore t(an one Kone +D.
+n t(e Parameters management fra!e ?Fi/ure 10B left@B t(e para!eters of t(e
selected ob:ect type are listed. Para!eters wit( identical value in all ob:ects of t(e
selected <one?s@ are c(ec8ed by default. 6(e ob:ects contained in t(e <one?s@ and
t(eir respective para!eter values are displayed in t(e #b$ects list ?Fi/ure 10B ri/(t@.
Define t(e para!eters to be calibratedB i.e. unifor!ly !odifiedB by c(ec8in/ and
unc(ec8in/ t(e para!eters in t(e Parameters management fra!e ?t(e X;Y colu!nB
Fi/ure 10B left@.
*odify in t(e Parameters management fra!e t(e values of t(e Parameters to be
calibrated and clic8 on /ppl( selected c&anges. ?AlternativelyB individually !odify t(e
values of eac( ob:ect in t(e #b$ects list ?Fi/ure 10B ri/(t@@.
Repeat t(e procedure for all ob:ect types in eac( <one.

(i>ure H Selection fra!e



(i>ure $7 $eft) Para!eters !ana/e!ent fra!eE Ri/(t) Db:ects of t(e selected <one?s@ and t(eir
para!eters
6o define t(e Initial Conditions)
"lic8 on Initial Conditions in t(e Parameters and ariables fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@.
Proceed in a si!ilar way t(an for t(e Parameters definition to !odify all t(e Initial
Conditions.
+nitial conditions are /enerally not 8nown precisely. Appro;i!ated values can be entered to
i!prove t(e si!ulation results. Final conditions of a previous si!ulation endin/ at t(e start
ti!e of t(e period of interest can be used as current initial conditions to i!prove t(e results.
6o save t(e pro:ect)
"lic8 on Sa0e in t(e Pro$ect fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@.
Define t(e file na!e and save.
&%8 E:port#tion o; # su<model
"o!binations of ob:ects can be e;ported and later i!ported as Submodel ob:ects in a
co!plete !odel. 6(is allows t(e structuration of t(e !odel by or/ani<in/ it in different
(ierarc(ical levels.
Add a *roup Interface to t(e co!bination of ob:ects to be e;ported.
0

$in8 t(e output ob:ect of t(e !odel ?1unction in Fi/ure 11@ to t(e *roup Interface.
Select t(e lin8?s@ to be created in t(e pop'up ?2low in t(e e;a!ple of Fi/ure 11@.
4

(i>ure $$ Addition of a *roup Interface to t(e co!bination of ob:ects to be e;ported as sub!odel

4
>roup +nterfaces are reAuired to asse!ble a sub!odel wit( t(e upper (ierarc(ical level. +t allows transferrin/
t(e input and1or output variables.
4
+f only one lin8 can be createdB it is selected by default. +f !ore t(an one lin8 is possibleB none is selected.

#;port t(e active !odel wit( t(e E"port button in t(e Model fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@.
5

"reate a new pro:ect wit( t(e New button in t(e Pro$ect fra!e.
6

+!port t(e Submodel wit( t(e Import button in t(e Model fra!e.
Dpen t(e Submodel wit( a ri/(t'clic8 on it. 6(e !odel previously created appears.
Return to t(e upper (ierarc(ical level wit( t(e Bac3 button ?Model fra!e@ or by
pressin/ t(e Esc button.
Add a 1unction ob:ect and lin8 t(e Submodel to t(e new 1unction ?Fi/ure 12@. +n t(e
e;a!ple of Fi/ure 12B t(e flow of t(e new 1unction now corresponds to t(e flow of
t(e 1unction in t(e Submodel.

(i>ure $& $in8 t(e Submodel to a 1unction
At t(e sa!e ti!eB if a Submodel receives also an input fro! upstrea!B a second *roup
Interface (as to be added in t(e Submodel and lin8ed to t(e ob:ect receivin/ t(e inco!in/
variables. *roup Interfaces can support !ore t(an one variable as input and1or as output.
Sub!odels can also be created by addin/ an e!pty Submodel ob:ect
7
and t(en addin/
t(e adeAuate ob:ects in t(e Submodel ?opened wit( a ri/(t'clic8@. +n a si!ilar wayB ob:ects
can be added to or deleted fro! i!ported Submodels.
*odifyin/ t(e .one of a Submodel !odifies t(e <one of all t(e ob:ects contained in t(e
Submodel.
&%@ Model conversion
6(e conversion between different (ydrolo/ical !odels is possible wit( t(e button
of t(e *odel fra!e ?Fi/ure 10@.

(i>ure $? *odel fra!e
6(e !odel conversion is direct for !odel conversions presented in 6able 0. For ac(ievin/ t(e
conversionB initial and final /eneral !odels type are selected. 6(enB t(e <ones and t(e
specific !odels to convert are c(osen ?Fi/ure 14@.
+n t(e current versionB only t(e para!eter A ?Surface@ is transferred to t(e new !odel. All
ot(er para!eters are fi;ed to t(e by default values of eac( !odel.

3
Durin/ t(e e;portationB only t(e ele!ents contained in t(e active (ierarc(ical levelB includin/ all t(e
sub!odels and ob:ectsB are considered. %ierarc(ically (i/(er ele!ents are not e;ported.
7
DrB alternativelyB open a pro:ect wit( Pro:ect 'J Dpen.
5
9y selectin/ Submodel in t(e Standard ob$ects fra!e and addin/ t(e ob:ect in t(e Interface!


(i>ure $8 #;a!ple of a conversion between %9& and SD"D,6
+f t(e converted !odel does not need all inputsB a !essa/e infor!s t(at one of t(e inputs is
deletedB as presented in Fi/ure 14.

(i>ure $@ #;a!ple of a conversion between a !odel %9& and SA"B w(ere t(e input 6e!perature is
deleted
FinallyB if t(e converted !odel needs !ore inputs t(at t(e ori/inal !odelB a !essa/e infor!s
t(at one or several inputs needs to be i!ple!entedB as presented in Fi/ure 13. +n t(at caseB
t(e lin8 between t(e stations and t(e !odel needs to be created a/ain ?orB if t(e data co!es
fro! different 6i!e SeriesB a new 6i!e Series needs to be added@.

(i>ure $A #;a!ple of a conversion between a !odel SA" and %9&B w(ere t(e input 6e!perature (as
to be i!ple!ented by t(e user
Re/ardin/ t(e outputsB t(e total disc(ar/e ?=tot or = dependin/ on t(e !odel@ is directly
lin8ed to t(e upstrea! ob:ect after t(e conversion.
+f any ot(er disc(ar/e is lin8ed upstrea!B e./. t(e =r in t(e SD"D,6 !odel to a :unctionB t(e
lin8 is deleted after conversion.


1#<le ? Direct conversions between ob:ects
)<Fect Inputs

)<Fect Inputs
+l#cier!+SM

P and 6

+SM

P and 6

P and #6P

+R8*

P and #6P
+R? SAC

P and #6P
SEMM

P
SEMM

P

,o direct conversions
+SM

P and 6

+SM

P and 6
S)C)N1

PB 6B #6P

+SM

P and 6
+R?

P and #6P
+SM

P and 6
H/

PB 6B #6P
+R8*

P and #6P
SAC

P and #6P
SEMM

P
H/

PB 6B #6P

+SM

P and 6
+R?

P and #6P
+SM

P and 6
S)C)N1

PB 6B #6P
+R8*

P and #6P
SAC

P and #6P
SEMM

P
+R8*

P and #6P

+R?

P and #6P
SAC

P and #6P
SEMM

P
SAC

P and #6P

+R?

P and #6P
+R8*

P and #6P
SEMM

P
"(apter 0 ) Database

Ch#pter ?' ,#t#<#se
6(e different input data as well as e;ported results are !ana/ed wit(in a database. 6(e RS
Database tool% accessible fro! t(e RS MINERE windowB is used to create or edit t(e
database lin8ed to t(e active !odel.
?%$ 1he RS 8aa-ase tool
6(e RS Database tool window appears w(en a database is created ? New, or opened for
edition ? #pen and t(en Edit@.
File
d#t#<#se
File
d#t#set #dition
Selected co!ponent
description
Database
*roup
Dataset
Station
Sensor
Database
"o!ponents
Data ?>rap(ics or table@
RS
Database

(i>ure $B 6(e RS Database window
6(e database structure is or/ani<ed in five (ierarc(ical levelsB listed (ereafter.
,#t#<#se Description of t(e databaseB co!plete set of data
+roup Separation based on cate/ory of data ?*easuresB ForecastsB Si!ulationsBL@
9

,#t#set Set of data of co!!on type ?*eteo dataB Flow dataBL@
9

St#tion +nfor!ation about t(e station ?na!e and coordinates@
Sensor Description of t(e sensor ?na!eB units and data@

2
Definition and use of *roups and Datasets can also be done in a different way by t(e user.

?%& Cre#tion o; # d#t#<#se
6(e creation of a new database can be ac(ieved followin/ ne;t steps)
"lic8 on New in t(e Database fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@ and save t(e new database. 6(e RS
Database window is opened ?Fi/ure 17@.
"reate t(e co!ponents of t(e different (ierarc(ical levels of your database by usin/
t(e /dd button ?Edition fra!e@.
For t(e stationsB /ive an adeAuate na!e and enter t(e coordinates.
For eac( sensor)
o Define t(e Description ?na!e@B Categor(% 4nit and Interpolation !et(od.
o Select t(e V&aluesW tab and add t(e data wit( t(e Paste button ?after
copyin/ t(e! fro! any spreads(eet pro/ra!@.
Save t(e database and close t(e RS Database 0iewer.
6(e data can be !ana/ed ?e;ported or i!ported@ as database or as dataset.
6o !ana/e a d#t#<#seB proceed as follows)
6o save a database) "lic8 on t(e Database co!ponent 'J 2ile database 'J Sa0e as!
6o load anot(er database in RS Database)
o "lose RS Database
o 6(enB in t(e RS MINERE windowB clic8 on Close in t(e Database fra!e.
o "lic8 on #pen in t(e Database fra!e to open t(e new database.
o "lic8 on Edit in t(e Database fra!e to open t(e new database in RS
Database.
6o !ana/e a d#t#setB perfor! as follows)
6o e;port a dataset) "lic8 on t(e Dataset co!ponent 'J 2ile Dataset 'J Sa0e
6o i!port a dataset) "lic8 on a >roup co!ponent 'J 2ile Dataset 'J Import
+f a dataset contained in a database is also stored separetely as a dataset ?not only in t(e
database@B bot( (ave to be saved ?2ile database 'J Sa0e5 2ile dataset 'J Sa0e@ to properly
!odify all t(e files Z
?%? ,#t# ;orm#t
For copyin/ series values in a sensorB two colu!ns are necessary. 6(e first colu!n contains
t(e data in one of t(ese for!ats)
dd.!!.yyyy
dd.!!.yyyy (()!!
dd.!!.yyyy (()!!)ss
6(e second colu!n contains t(e values of t(e series ?e;a!ple in Fi/ure 15@.

(i>ure $G #;a!ple of data for!at to use in t(e sensors

?%8 Connection o; # d#t#<#se to # model
Dnce t(e database is createdB lin8s between t(e !odel and t(e database (ave to be
i!ple!ented. 6(e Data source fra!e ?Fi/ure 12B left@B located in t(e !ain interface and
available only w(en a database is openedB is used for t(is purpose.
Define for t(e Station and t(e Source t(e correspondin/ *roup and DataSet.
For t(e Source ob:ectsB define in t(e #b$ect description fra!e t(e correct station
under t(e Select from database button ?Fi/ure 12B ri/(t@.
1:

6(e na!e of t(e station appears under Station identifier and is stored in t(e !odel w(en t(e
!odel is saved.

(i>ure $H $eft) 6(e Data Source fra!eE Ri/(t) Definition of t(e station for ob:ects Source
Inter#ction <et9een the d#t#<#se #nd the #ctive model
*odifications of t(e database in RS Database ?wit(out savin/ t(e!Z@ are ta8en into account
durin/ si!ulations of t(e active !odel. %oweverB w(en t(e database is closedB only saved
c(an/es will be applied to t(e database. 6(ereforeB proper savin/ of t(e !odifications is
reco!!ended.

10
Source ob:ects (ave to be lin8ed to anot(er ob:ect to define t(e type of output ?and correspondin/ units@
before t(e lin8 to t(e station can be defined.
"(apter 4 ) Si!ulation

Ch#pter 8' Simul#tion
8%$ Run # model
9efore solvin/ a !odelB its validity (as to be verified.
"lic8 on t(e alidation button. A Pre-Simulation report is /enerated ?ri/(t'fra!e@.
+n case of (#t#l error(s)) "orrect your !odel conseAuently.
11

+n case of E#rnin>(s)) Proceed to adeAuate !odifications if reAuired.
+n case of Note(s)) "onsider t(e !essa/e?s@ and /o a(ead.
+n t(e Sol0er window ?Fi/ure 1@B define t(e si!ulation periodB si!ulation ti!e step
and recordin/ ti!e step ?Fi/ure 20@.

(i>ure &7 6(e Sol0er window

6(e ti!e units for t(e si!ulation ti!e step and recordin/ ti!e step can be !odified
accordin/ly to 6able 4.

1#<le 8 Possible ti!e units for si!ulation and recordin/ ti!e steps
Simul#tion time step Recordin> time step
Seconds Seconds
*inutes *inutes
%our %our
Day Day
*ont(

"lic8 on Start. At t(e end of t(e co!putationB a Post-Simulation report ?ri/(t fra!e@
provides a su!!ary of t(e si!ulation wit( potential warnin/?s@.
&isuali<e t(e obtained results by selectin/ eac( ob:ect in t(e Interface and usin/ t(e
*rap&s tool in t(e #b$ect fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@. Select t(e variable?s@ of interest in t(e list
?use Ctrl to select !ore t(an one series@.

11
Durin/ t(e alidation processB t(e !odel is verified. +n particularB a 2atal error is /enerated for eac( !issin/
reAuired ob:ect.s input ?absence of interconnection fro! upstrea!@.

8%& Results visu#li5#tion 9ith the Selecion an3 ;los
A co!bination of results can be visuali<ed in t(e Selection and Plots tool.
"lic8 on Selection and plots in t(e Toolbo" fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@. A new window is opened.
+n t(e #b$ects and 0ariables fra!e ?Fi/ure 21@B all t(e variables are listed by ob:ects.
"(ec8 in t(e #b$ects and 0ariables fra!e t(e variable?s@ to draw.
12

"lic8 on Plot to plot t(e listed series.
1)

>ive a na!e to t(e active selection in t(e Selections list.
#;port t(e selection usin/ Selections fra!e -6 E"port.
10

+!port a selection usin/ Selections fra!e -6 Import.
A second selection appears in t(e Selections list. Different selections can be defined and
saved for t(e e;ploitation and analysis of t(e results.
,ote t(at w(en Selection and Plots is openedB RS MINERE is not active. "lose Selection and
Plots to use a/ain RS MINERE.
Series
!ana/e!ent
Selections
i!port1e;port
>rap(
Db:ects
and variables
Series list
Selections list
Source of data

(i>ure &$ 6(e Selection and Plots window

12
&ariables of two different units can be drawn si!ultaneously ?second a;is@.
10
se t(e !ouse to visuali<e data values ?press left button@B !ove ?press ri/(t button@B <oo! ?press scroll'
w(eel@ or fit to view ?double'clic8 on scroll'w(eel@. Koo! and fit to view can be also realised onto t(e a;es.
14
Selections are saved in a te;t file wit( t(e [.c(8 for!at.

8%? E:port I Import o; results to # d#t#<#se
Results of a si!ulation can be saved to t(e database as a dataset of ti!e series.
Select E"port in t(e Database fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@ in t(e RS *+,#R&# !ain window.
Define t(e na!e of t(e dataset and c(oose between )
o Add t(e dataset to an e;istin/ >roup.
o "reate a new >roup.
#;port wit( #7.
14

\ou can now visuali<e your results in t(e database ?cf. "(apter 0@. Dnce e;portedB results can
be i!ported into t(e !odel. +!portin/ a dataset of series replaces t(e current ti!e series
?results of a si!ulation@ of all concerned ob:ects.

Select Import in t(e Database fra!e.
Select t(e *roup and t(e Dataset of ti!e series to i!port and clic8 #3.
#;ported results can also be visuali<ed in t(e Selection and Plots tool.
Dpen Selection and Plots tool ?Toolbo" fra!e 'J Selection and plots@.
+n t(e Source of dataB c(ec8 t(e Database source ?Fi/ure 21@B t(en select in t(e
co!bo t(e >roup containin/ t(e dataset of ti!e series.
Select t(e dataset of ti!e series to be drawn.
"lic8 on Plot in t(e Series fra!e.

14
9y activatin/ #nl( selected seriesB only t(e series correspondin/ to t(e last active Selection in t(e Selection
and Plots are e;ported.
"(apter 4 ) *odel calibration

Ch#pter @' Model c#li<r#tion
6(e calibration process ai!s to pro/ressively i!prove t(e !odel to fit t(e si!ulated data to
t(e reference data ?e./. t(e observations@ by iteratively ad:ustin/ t(e ob:ect.s para!eters.
@%$ Sin>le su<!<#sin c#li<r#tion
6o proceed to t(e calibrationB observed data are reAuired as co!parison basis for t(e
si!ulated data. Sites of !easure stations /enerally define outlets of sub'basins since t(ey
represent t(e location of co!parison ?si!ulated data vs. observed data@.
15

For si!plicityB division into <ones /enerally respects t(e sub'basin.s division. %oweverB t(is is
not co!pulsory and a <one can correspond to several sub'basins or one sub'basin can be
divided into several <ones. +n t(is first part ?"(apter 4.1@B it is assu!ed t(at t(e sub'basin is
co!posed of a sin/le <one.
Models per;orm#nce ev#lu#tion
9efore ad:ustin/ t(e para!etersB t(e current perfor!ance of t(e !odel is evaluated.
"lic8 on t(e Comparator ob:ect w(ic( (as been added and connected as
presented in Fi/ure 5.
+n t(e Series fra!e ?Fi/ure 22@B select 8
reference
and 8
simulation
?use Ctrl to select bot(@.
&isuali<e t(e actual results)
o +n t(e Series frameB bot( curves are plotted to/et(er under *rap&s.
o +n t(e Comparator fra!eB seven perfor!ance indicators are provided ?read
t(e 6ec(nical *anual for !ore infor!ation ?>arcFa %ernGnde< et al.B 2014@.
,as( coefficient
,as('ln coefficient
Pearson "orrelation "oefficient
9ias Score
Relative Root *ean SAuare #rror
Relative &olu!e 9ias
,or!ali<ed Pea8 #rror
M#nu#l p#r#meters #dFustment
9ased on t(e current !odel.s perfor!anceB ob:ect.s para!eters can be ad:usted to i!prove
t(e ne;t run.s perfor!ance.
"lic8 on Parameters in t(e Parameters and 0ariables fra!e ?Fi/ure 22@.
Select in t(e Selection fra!e ?Fi/ure 22@ t(e type of ob:ect to be !odified and t(e
correspondin/ <one. See "(apter 2 for co!plete procedure.

13
Dt(er factors are also considered durin/ t(e basin division suc( as reservoir locations or river :unctions.

*odify t(e selection ?c(ec8s@ of para!eters in t(e Parameters Management fra!e
to select only t(e ones to be calibrated ?i.e. to be unifor!ly !odified@.
*odify t(e values of t(e selected para!eters and clic8 on /ppl( selected c&anges.
Para!eters are !odified in t(e listed ob:ects.
Proceed in a si!ilar way for all ob:ect types.
*odify also t(e initial conditions to fit better t(e reference data.
"o!parator
Series
Para!eters !ana/e!ent
and ob:ects
Para!eters
and variables
Selection

(i>ure && Fra!es used for t(e calibration
After runnin/ t(e !odelB analy<e t(e results in t(e co!parator and !odify a/ain t(e
para!eters w(en necessary.
6(e procedure is iterative until t(e si!ulation results are considered sufficiently satisfyin/
for a specified <one.
Parameters and Initial conditions can be e;ported to beB laterB i!ported a/ain. se E"port P
and Import P for t(e para!eters and E"port IC and Import IC for t(e initial conditions in t(e
Parameters and 0ariables fra!e ?Fi/ure 22@. 6(e para!eters or initial conditions can be
saved as .t;t file or as .;ls; file wit( one s(eet per ob:ect type.
Autom#tic p#r#meters #dFustment
An auto!atic calibration can be also ac(ieved t(an8s to a specific !odule developed in
RS #;pert. Please t(e c(apter 7.1 for !ore infor!ation.


@%& Complete <#sin c#li<r#tion
I(en a basin is co!posed of !any sub'basinsB t(e calibration (as to be pro/ressively
ac(ieved fro! upstrea! to downstrea! in t(e basin. 9y proceedin/ as suc(B contributions
fro! t(e upstrea! calibrated sub'basin?s@ are considered as input?s@ to t(e downstrea!
sub'basin on w(ic( t(e calibration is perfor!ed. Para!eters are !odified for t(e concerned
sub'basin to obtain t(e best possible results at t(e outlet of t(e sub'basin. 6(e calibration
!odule ?"(apter 7.1@ can reali<e !ultiple calibrations for calibratin/ t(ese co!ple; basins
fro! upstrea! to downstrea!.
Dependin/ on t(e Auality of t(e si!ulation resultsB inputs fro! upstrea! sub'basins can be
replaced in t(e calibration process by observed data at t(e entrance of t(e sub'basin bein/
calibrated.

"(apter 3 ) %ydraulic structures

Ch#pter A' Hydr#ulic structures
"(apters 1 to 4 (ave presented t(e different steps to create a (ydrolo/ical !odel wit(out
any (ydraulic structures. "(apter 3 e;plains (ow structures li8e reservoirsB turbines or
spillways are i!ple!ented in RS *+,#R&#.
%ydraulic structures are listed in "(apter 3.1 and ob:ects used for auto!atic re/ulation are
presented in "(apter 3.2.
A%$ Hydr#ulic structure o<Fects

Reservoir ' Iater level and volu!e evolution are si!ulated based on a V$evel'
&olu!eW relation and an initial reservoir level.

.< ' 9ased on a level'disc(ar/e relationB it allows inte/ration of level'based
outflows to reservoirs ?suc( as spillwaysB /atesB orificesBL@.

Tur-ine ' +t calculates t(e turbine or pu!p flow fro! a reservoirB based on a
9anted Disc&arge defined in a Source or in a Time Series.

Tur-ine8/ ' 6(e 6urbineD9 ob:ect wor8s as t(e Turbine ob:ect but is directly
based on data provided by t(e database. +t is eAuivalent to t(e co!bination of a
turbine and a source.

.=3ro#o$er ' 6(is ob:ect calculates t(e power and t(e revenueB nor!ally
produced by a turbineB dependin/ on t(e disc(ar/e and on t(e reservoir level.

8iversion - 6(is ob:ect is used to si!ulate t(e separation of flow based on an
V+nflow ' Diverted flowW relation. +t can be used as a (ydrolo/ical ob:ect but is
!ostly used as a (ydraulic function.

,onsumer - 6(is ob:ect si!ulates t(e consu!ed disc(ar/e of a user ?e./.) a
villa/e or an a/ricultural field@ based on a series fro! a database or fro! a
unifor! de!and.

Srucure e''icienc= : 6(is ob:ect co!putes effects of disc(ar/e losses in a
structure li8e a canal or a pipe based on an efficiency coefficient.


A%& Re>ul#tion o<Fects

Sensor ' Sensors are connected to ot(er ob:ects ?/enerally reservoirs@ fro!
w(ic( t(ey !easure a particular variable to co!pare it to user predefined
t(res(olds. +n t(e case of a reservoirB water level or volu!e can be !onitored.

Regulaion ' +t allows loadin/ t(e Regulation interface in w(ic( re/ulatory
!odels wit( different States are developed.

Sae ' +n a RegulationB several State ob:ects can be included to adapt t(e
operations based on t(e situation. Dnly one State can be active in a Regulation.
6ransfer fro! one State to anot(er are based on t(res(old values !onitorin/
provided by Sensors.

A%? Addition o; # Reservoir2 # 1ur<ine,/ #nd # Spill9#y

6(is c(apter presents a /eneral e;a!ple of a construction of a (ydropower sc(e!eB
includin/ a reservoir wit( a (ydropower plant and a spillway.
Addition o; # reservoir
6o add a reservoir)
Select t(e ob:ect Reser0oir in t(e Structures ob$ects fra!e ?Fi/ure 20@ and add it in
t(e Interface.
$in8 t(e output of t(e upstrea! sub'basin ?ob:ect 1unction in Fi/ure 20@ to t(e
Reser0oir.
Reservoir
Series
+nitial
conditions
Structures
ob:ects
Data
source
Re/ulation
ob:ects

(i>ure &? A re/ular !odel wit( a reservoir
Double'clic8 on t(e Reser0oir ob:ect. 6(e Reser0oirB Series and Initial Conditions
fra!es are opened ?Fi/ure 20@.
+n t(e Series fra!eB select t(e '- series and open t(e alues tab.
9y defaultB t(e table is e!pty. +nsert t(e correspondin/ %ei/(t'&olu!e ?'-@ relation
for t(e reservoir.
Define an initial water elevation ?'Ini@ in t(e Initial conditions fra!e.


Alternatively to t(e last point to define t(e initial water elevation of t(e Reser0oirB a ti!e
series can be saved in t(e database wit( a sensor of "ate/ory /ltitude and nit masl. For
eac( si!ulationB RS *+,#R&# will t(en searc( and interpolate t(e initial condition fro! t(e
added ti!e series. 6o lin8 t(e Reser0oir wit( t(e sensorB first select in t(e Data Source fra!e
t(e correspondin/ *roup and Dataset. 6(enB in t(e Reser0oir fra!e ?ri/(t part@B clic8 on t(e
Select station from Database button and define t(e correct station in t(e Station drop'
down list ?only stations containin/ a sensor wit( appropriate units are listed@. 6(e value in
t(e Initial conditions fra!e will c(an/e after every si!ulation to t(e value interpolated fro!
t(e ti!e series.
Dnce a reservoir is i!ple!entedB outputs of t(e reservoir (ave to be defined. Iater fro! a
reservoir can be e;ited t(rou/( different ways. Turbine and TurbineDB ob:ects are used to
si!ulate t(e use of water for (ydropower production. Regulations are /enerally used to
auto!ati<e t(e operation of Turbine and TurbineDB ob:ects. FinallyB '8 ob:ects /enerate
disc(ar/es based on elevation'disc(ar/e relations.
16

All t(ese ob:ects can be used independently and cu!ulatively. For e;a!pleB several turbines
can be placed in parallel wit( one or several TurbineDB?s@B '8 ob:ect?s@ and1or Regulation?s@.
,one of t(e! is i!perative.
Addition o; # 1ur<ine,/ o<Fect
6(e TurbineDB ob:ect is based on data fro! a database. 6(usB before addin/ a TurbineDBB
data (ave to be added to t(e database
Dpen a database ?see "(apter 0@ and create a station wit( a sensor of cate/ory 2low!
*odify t(e description and insert data for t(e TurbineDB outflow in t(e alues tab.
6(e TurbineDB ob:ect is t(en added.
Select t(e ob:ect TurbineDB in t(e Structures ob$ects fra!e ?Fi/ure 20@ and add it in
t(e Interface. Add also a 1unction to w(ic( outflow?s@ fro! t(e Reser0oir will be
lin8ed to.
Switc( to Connections ?Editing Tools fra!e'J Connections or use t(e space 8ey@ and
lin8 t(e Reser0oir to t(e TurbineDB ob:ect and t(e TurbineDB ob:ect to t(e 1unction
?Fi/ure 24@.

(i>ure &8 Addition of a TurbineDB and a :unction

17
As outputs fro! t(e Reser0oir are defined by downstrea! ob:ectsB output flows ?=s@ are considered as an
Input to t(e Reser0oir in ter!s of infor!ation flow. 6(e correspondin/ water is t(ereby wit(drawn fro! t(e
stored volu!e. 6(is i!plies t(at at least one output flow (as to be defined to validate t(e !odel ?See
10
@.

+n t(e Data Source fra!e ?Fi/ure 20@B select for t(e line TurbineDB t(e *roup and
DataSet correspondin/ to t(e sensor created in t(e database.
Double'clic8 on t(e TurbineDB ob:ect to open t(e TurbineDB fra!e ?ri/(t'side@. 6(enB
clic8 on t(e Select station from Database button and define t(e correspondin/
station in t(e Station drop'down list. 6(e lin8 between t(e TurbineDB ob:ect and t(e
database is now operational.
6(e TurbineDB ob:ect is ready for use.
Addition o; #n H0 o<Fect
%= ob:ects are used to define level'disc(ar/e relations to i!ple!ent structures suc( as
spillwaysB orifices or sluice /ates. For illustration purposeB an '8 ob:ect is used as a spillway
in t(e followin/ procedure.
Select t(e '8 ob:ect in t(e Structures ob$ects fra!e ?Fi/ure 20@ and add it in t(e
Interface.
$in8 t(e Reser0oir to t(e '8 ob:ect and t(e '8 ob:ect to t(e 1unction ?Fi/ure 24@.

(i>ure &@ Addition of a spillway
Double'clic8 on t(e '8 ob:ect. +n t(e Series fra!eB select t(e '-8 series and open t(e
alues tab. +nsert data for t(e '-8 relation ?!anually or copied fro! a spreads(eet@.
6(e '8 ob:ect is ready for use.
Simul#tion 9ith implemented structures
Several structures can be added in parallel as illustrated in Fi/ure 24. I(en all ob:ects are
created and t(e !odel lin8ed to t(e database and validatedB start t(e si!ulation ?"(apter
4.1@. Disc(ar/es t(rou/( t(e different ob:ects can t(en be visuali<ed by clic8in/ on eac(
ob:ect ?"(apter 4.1@ or wit(in t(e Selection and Plots tool ?"(apter 4.2@.
+t is IMP)R1AN1 to re!e!ber t(at disc(ar/es /enerated by '8 ob:ects are defined by t(e
water level in t(e reservoir. 9elow a certain levelB no disc(ar/e is produced. 6(is is not t(e
case of t(e TurbineDB ob:ects t(at wit(draws fro! t(e reservoir t(e disc(ar/es defined in
t(e databaseB wit(out c(ec8in/ if water is available or not in t(e reservoir. 6(is !i/(t result
in a ne/ative volu!e in t(e reservoir ?a warnin/ is /enerated in t(e Simulation report@. +n
order to /enerate disc(ar/es only w(en t(e water is actually availableB Regulation ob:ects
are necessary.

A%8 Addition o; # re>ul#tion
Regulation ob:ects allow t(e definition of auto!atic rules to switc( between different States
dependin/ on t(e actual conditions in t(e syste!. A State ob:ect is si!ilar to a sub!odel
since several ob:ects can be introduced in it as a function of t(e de!ands ?turbineB pu!pB
diversionB etc@. A typical e;a!ple of re/ulation is t(e i!ple!entation of a turbine law as a
function of t(e water level in t(e reservoir.
Dne or several inputs1outputs can be considered in or produced by a State ob:et. 6(e
definition of t(e active State is carried out as a function of t(e user predefined t(res(olds
values !onitored by t(e Sensor ob:ects.
Addition o; # re>ul#tion
6(e co!plete procedure to add and i!ple!ent a Regulation is detailed (ereafter. For
illustration purposeB two States correspondin/ to V6urbine DnW and V6urbine DffW are
presented.
Select t(e Regulation ob:ect in t(e Regulation ob$ects fra!e ?Fi/ure 20@ and add it in
t(e Interface. Add a 1unction to later connect t(e output of t(e Regulation to it.
"onnect bot( 1unctions in t(e sense of flow. Add a Sensor and lin8 t(e Reser0oir to
t(e Sensor ?Fi/ure 23@.

(i>ure &A Db:ects creation for a Re/ulation
Double'clic8 on t(e Sensor. +n t(e T&res&olds fra!eB enter t(e different t(res(old
?altitude@ values in t(e &alues colu!n ?Fi/ure 27@. 6(e identifiers ?Id@ are
auto!atically created for eac( entered value.

(i>ure &B #;a!ple wit( two t(res(old values

Sensor ob:ects !onitor t(e user predefined t(res(old values. For eac( si!ulation ti!e stepB
t(e t(res(old values are co!pared to t(e actual value of t(e !onitored variable. #ac(
t(res(old value is t(en c(aracteri<ed by #0er or Below t(e actual level.
Dpen t(e Regulation wit( a ri/(t'clic8. 6(e e!pty Regulation interface is opened.
Add two *roup Interfaces and two State ob:ects ?Fi/ure 25@.
17
Rena!e t(e State
ob:ects to /ive t(e! an e;plicit na!e.
Dpen one State ob:ect wit( a ri/(t'clic8. 6(e e!pty State interface is opened.

(i>ure &G Db:ects creation in t(e Regulation interface
Add two *roup Interfaces and t(e desired co!bination of ob:ects. For e;a!pleB add a
Turbine wit( a Time Series.
19
+nterconnect t(e Time Series to t(e Turbine.

(i>ure &H Db:ects creation in a State interface
Double'clic8 on t(e Time Series. +n t(e Series fra!eB clic8 on Serie and open t(e
alues tab. #nter a series of data wit( ti!e XsecondsB startin/ fro! 0Y and 89anted
X!
0
1sY as presented in Fi/ure 00 or t(e e;a!ple of t(e State V6urbine DnW.
2:

21

15
Db:ects in t(e Regulation interface cannot yet be interconnected. *roup Interfaces (ave first to be added in
t(e State ob:ects and connected to ot(er ob:ects.
12
A uniAue 6urbineD9 ob:ect could replace t(ese two ob:ects.
20
Time series are entered wit( ti!e in seconds. 6(e second 0 corresponds to t(e start ti!e of t(e si!ulation.
"onseAuentlyB a Time series can be used for different periods of si!ulation.
21
+f t(e Times series does not co!pletely cover t(e period of si!ulationB t(e last value of t(e series is
constantly applied for t(e uncovered part. +f t(e series varies wit( ti!eB co!plete covera/e of and adeAuate
correspondence wit( t(e period of si!ulation (as to be ensured.


(i>ure ?7 6i!e series data for V6urbine DnW
+nterconnections between t(e Turbine and bot( *roup Interfaces (ave now to be
added. Dne of t(e! will ensure t(e connection fro! upstrea! ob:ectsB t(e second
one to downstrea! ones.
o For t(e first *roup InterfaceB connect it to t(e Turbine ?water flow directionB
as s(own in Fi/ure 01@. +n t(e ariable selection pop'upB select t(e lin8 fro!
t(e Turbine to t(e *roup Interface ?infor!ation direction@.
As t(e water flow fro! Reser0oir is defined by t(e Time Series connected to
t(e TurbineB t(e infor!ation is transferred in t(e upstrea! direction fro! t(e
Turbine to t(e Reser0oir trou/( t(e *roup Interface.
o For t(e second *roup InterfaceB lin8 t(e Turbine to t(e *roup Interface. +n t(e
ariable selection pop'upB t(e lin8 fro! t(e Turbine to t(e *roup Interface is
preselected as t(ere is only one possibility. "reate t(e lin8 wit( #3.
+n t(at caseB bot( infor!ation and water flow are in t(e downstrea! direction
?fro! t(e Turbine to t(e *roup Interface@.

(i>ure ?$ $in8s creation between t(e Turbine and t(e *roup Interfaces
Return to t(e upper (ierarc(ical level ?Regulation Interface@ wit( t(e Bac3 button
?in t(e Model fra!e@ or press t(e Esc button.
Dpen t(e second State ob:ect wit( a ri/(t'clic8. An e!pty State interface is opened.
Add and interconnect t(e sa!e co!bination of ob:ects as in t(e first State )Fi/ure 01,
as all States in a Regulation represent t(e sa!e turbine.

Double'clic8 on t(e Time Series and enter t(e correspondin/ data in t(e alues tab.
For t(e e;a!ple of V6urbine DffWWB 89anted would be eAual to 0 X!
0
1sY ?Fi/ure 02@.

(i>ure ?& 6i!e series data for V6urbine offW
Return to t(e upper (ierarc(ical level ?Regulation Interface@ wit( t(e Bac3 button
?Model fra!e@ or press t(e Esc button.
Switc( to Connections usin/ t(e space 8ey. $in8s between *roup Interfaces and
States will now be created. Si!ilarly to t(e lo/ic in t(e State ob:ectsB one *roup
Interface ensures t(e infor!ation e;c(an/e wit( upstrea! ob:ectsB t(e ot(er one
wit( t(e downstrea! ones.
For t(e first *roup InterfaceB t(e one connectin/ t(e re/ulation wit( t(e upstrea!
part of t(e !odel ?Interface ; in Fi/ure 00@B connect it to t(e first State ?arrow in
water flow direction@. 6(e lin8 to be created transfers t(e infor!ation ?t(e Turbine
flow@ fro! State to t(e *roup Interface.
"onnect t(e sa!e *roup Interface to t(e second State. #nsure t(at t(e na!e in t(e
drop'down list in t(e ariable selection pop'up is t(e sa!e as for t(e first State
?wit(out )New, as t(e tar/et of t(e lin8 ?8 up of Turbine < in t(e e;a!ple@ already
e;ists@.
9ot( States sendin/ to t(e sa!e reference in t(e *roup InterfaceB only one variable
will be available in t(e (i/er (ierarc(ical level. As one and only one State can be
active in a RegulationB t(is variable will always (ave one and only one value in t(e
Regulation ob:ect.
9ot( States are t(en connected to t(e second *roup Interface ?Fi/ure 00@. A/ainB
bot( States point to t(e sa!e lin8 tar/et ?= down of 6urbine 4 in t(e e;a!ple@ in t(e
output *roup InterfaceB t(is is w(y t(e first State to be connected will (ave t(e
indication V)New,= in t(e dropdown !enu and t(e second not.


(i>ure ?? $in8s creation in t(e Re/ulation interface
Dne !ore i!portant operation in t(e Regulation is t(e definition of t(e States
transfer rules. 6o do soB clic8 on Transitions in t(e Editing tools fra!e or use
Ctrl>space 8eys. 6(e State transfer mode is entered ) previously created lin8s are
(idden and only bot( States are visible.
$in8 wit( Transition arrows t(e two StatesB as illustrated in Fi/ure 04.

(i>ure ?8 6ransition lin8s creation between States
6ransitions rules are defined in eac( Transition arrow based on t(res(old values !onitored
by t(e Sensor ob:ects. 6able 4 presents t(e #perators used to define t(ese auto!atic rules.
AdeAuate use of t(e VLandW and VLorW functions allow t(e definition of co!bined rules.


1#<le @ Dperators used for auto!atic rules definition
)per#tor ,e;inition
JQ t(an 9i//er t(an or eAual to
] t(an S!aller t(an
and JQ t(an Land ^bi//er t(an or eAual to^
and ] t(an Land ^s!aller t(an^
or JQ t(an Lor ^bi//er t(an or eAual to^
or ] t(an Lor ^s!aller t(an^
sin/ t(e operators presented in 6able 4 and t(e t(res(old values defined in t(e
Sensor used to !onitor t(e Reser0oir ?see Fi/ure 27@B define transfer rules by clic8in/
on t(e Transitions arrows and fillin/ t(e cells in t(e Transition fra!e. Fi/ure 04
provides an e;a!ple of si!ple rules to switc( between Turbine #n and Turbine #ff.

(i>ure ?@ #;a!ple of transition rules in a Regulation! +n t(e e;a!pleB if t(e water level reac(es 1403 X!aslYB t(e
State Turbine #n will be active as lon/ as t(e level e;ceeds 1400 X!aslY. +f t(e level /oes below 1400 X!aslYB t(e
State Turbine #ff will t(en be activated as lon/ as 1403 X!aslY is not e;ceeded in t(e reservoirB and so on.
9efore e;itin/ t(e RegulationB t(e Initial state (as to be defined in t(e Regulation fra!e
?ri/(t@. +n t(e drop'down listB select t(e State to be active at t(e be/innin/ of t(e si!ulation.
Return to t(e upper (ierarc(ical level ?complete model@ wit( t(e Bac3 button
?Model fra!e@ or press t(e Esc button.
$in8 t(e Reservoir to t(e Regulation and t(e Regulation to t(e 1unction ?see Fi/ure
03@.


(i>ure ?A "onnection of t(e Regulation wit( t(e upstrea! Reser0oir and t(e downstrea! 1unction
6(e Regulation ob:ect is ready for use.
Simul#tion 9ith the re>ul#tion implemented
Dnce t(e t(ree ob:ects ?TurbineDBB '8 and Regulation@ are i!ple!entedB validate t(e
!odel and start t(e si!ulation. Results can be visuali<ed by double'clic8in/ on eac( ob:ect
or by usin/ t(e Selection and Plots.

"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

Ch#pter B' RS E:pert
+n t(is c(apterB t(e t(ree RS #;pert !odules are presented)
Auto!atic calibration of (ydrolo/ical !odel para!etersE
6i!e'slices si!ulationE
Scenario si!ulation.
B%$ Autom#tic c#li<r#tion
6(e co!ple;ity of a (ydrolo/ical !odel calibration increases wit( t(e nu!ber of para!eters
to calibrate. 6(e searc( for opti!al values of calibration para!eters can be !ade !anually
to a reasonable nu!ber of para!eters. 9ut in /eneralB for basins wit( a surface area about a
few t(ousands 8ilo!eters sAuare ?for e;a!ple t(e *+,#R&# basin wit( 4424 8!
2
@B includin/
so!e t(ousands of para!etersB it !i/(t be very useful to (ave an auto!atic calibration tool.
+n RS *+,#R&#B an auto!atic calibration can be reali<ed in t(e '(drological calibration tool
?Fi/ure 07@.
"lic8 on RS E"pert in t(e Toolbo" fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@. 6(e RS E"pert is opened ?Fi/ure
07@. 9y defaultB t(e '(drological calibration interface is s(owed.
,ote t(at w(en RS E"pert is openedB RS MINERE is not active. "lose RS E"pert to use a/ain
RS MINERE.
C#li<r#tion con;i>ur#tion
Different types of calibration can be ac(ieved for an opti!i<ation)
Re/ular calibration) Dne or !ore <ones wit( a uniAue downstrea! /au/ed stationB
calibrated wit( t(e sa!e para!eters for all <ones.
"alibration per <one) Dne or !ore <ones wit( a uniAue downstrea! /au/ed stationB
calibrated wit( different para!eters per <ones.
Re/ional calibration) Dne or !ore <ones wit( several downstrea! /au/ed stationB
calibrated wit( t(e sa!e para!eters for all <ones.
6(e creation of a new calibration confi/uration can be reali<ed followin/ ne;t steps
?correspondin/ to t(e blac8 bo;es in t(e Fi/ure 07@)
+n t(e Selection fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@B select t(e ob:ect types to calibrate) press
si!ultaneously Ctrl on 8eyboard and left clic8 on t(e ob:ect types. 6(en define t(e
correspondin/ <one?s@ by clic8in/ on t(e Kone +d nu!ber?s@.
All t(e ob:ects correspondin/ to t(e selected ob:ect types and <one?s@ appear in t(e
Models fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@. 6(e correspondent para!eters are s(own in t(e
Parameters fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@.
+n t(e Parameters fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@B select t(e para!eters to calibrate. For eac( of
t(e!B define t(eir !ini!u! and !a;i!u! possible values ?Min and Ma" colu!ns@
and t(e value to be used for t(e first iteration of t(e calibration ?2rom modelB Defined
value or Random value@.
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

+f for a /iven para!eterB alues per .one is selectedB t(e calibration will consider a
different value for eac( <one. +f notB t(e sa!e value will be considered for all <ones.
Para!eters can be i!ported in t(e !odel by clic8in/ on in t(e Parameters
import?e"port fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@.
+n t(e Comparators fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@B select t(e co!parator?s@ w(ose t(e observed
disc(ar/es will be used for t(e calibration ?press si!ultaneously Ctrl on 8eyboard and
left clic8 on t(e co!parators na!e to select !ore t(an one@.

C#li<r#tion con;i>ur#tion P#r#meters
?+!port1e;port@
Models
?6o calibrate@
P#r#meters
?6o calibrate@
Selection
?*odel and
<ones@
Comp#r#tors
)<Fective
;unction )(
?+ndicators
wei/(t@
Hydrolo>ic
p#r#meters
optimi5#tion
?Runti!e and
al/orit(!
para!eters@
Summ#ry results +r#phic results

(i>ure ?B +nterface of t(e %ydrolo/ical calibration !odule ?in blac8) confi/urationE in /reen) results@
Define t(e wei/(t of eac( indicator to deter!ine t(e ob:ective function in t(e
#b$ecti0e 2unctions ?DF@ fra!e. +ts total wei/(t appears in t(e cell at t(e top of t(e
fra!e.
22

+n t(e Sol0er tab of t&e '(drologic parameters optimi@ation fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@B specify
t(e calibration period and bot( Simulation and Recording ti!e steps ?Fi/ure 05@.

22
,as( and Relative &olu!e 9ias criteria are t(e two indicators !ost used in (ydrolo/ical !odelin/.
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S


(i>ure ?G "alibration solver) bot( runti!e ?left@ and al/orit(! properties ?ri/(t@
+n t(e /lgorit&m parameters tab of t(is sa!e fra!eB define t(e al/orit(! type ?S"#'
A in t(e e;a!ple of Fi/ure 05@ and t(e correspondin/ para!eters.

6wo different al/orit(!s ?S"#'A and nifor! Adaptive *onte "arlo@ are available
in t(e actual version. For !ore infor!ationB see RS *+,#R&# - 6ec(nical *anual
?>arcFa et al.B 2014@.
6(e !ouse fly above of eac( para!eter na!e s(ows t(eir description.

"lic8 on in t(e Calibration Configuration fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@ to save t(e current
calibration confi/uration. 6(e produced file can be i!ported for t(e ne;t calibration
test.
6o i!port an e;istin/ confi/urationB clic8 on in t(e Calibration Configuration fra!e
?Fi/ure 07@ and load t(e file.
C#li<r#tion st#rtIstop
"lic8 on in t(e '(drologic parameters optimi@ation fra!e to
launc( t(e calibration.
+f t(e calibration confi/uration is validB a _ Start ` !essa/e wit( t(e current date
appears in t(e Process tab in t(e Summar( Results fra!e. Dt(erwiseB a red error
!essa/e is displayed at t(e botto! of t(e Sol0er tab and describes t(e proble! to
resolve.
"lic8 on in t(e '(drologic parameters optimi@ation fra!e to stop
t(e calibration. +t ta8es a !o!ent to stop until t(e current si!ulation ends.
C#li<r#tion results
After eac( si!ulation durin/ t(e calibrationB t(e followin/ results are s(owed in t(e
Summar( Results fra!e ?Fi/ure 07 and Fi/ure 02@)
6(e Db:ective Function ?DF@B wit( its !a;i!u! possible value.
6(e results of t(e si!ulation before opti!i<ation wit( initial para!etersB initial
indicators values and initial DF value.
6(e results of t(e last iteration wit( t(e current para!eters. values and t(e
respective indicators values and correspondent DF value.
6(ese results can be e;ported at all ti!es by copyin/ t(en pastin/ t(e te;t in a file.
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

Results beforeopti!i<ation
Results of t(e current iteration

(i>ure ?H 6e;tual results of t(e calibration in pro/ress
+f !ore t(an one co!parator (as been selected in t(e Comparators fra!eB t(e Db:ective
Function is eAual to t(e su! of t(e ob:ective functions obtained at eac( co!pactor.

6(e results of t(e calibration in pro/ress can also be visuali<ed as /rap(ic for! in t(e *rap&ic
Results fra!e ?Fi/ure 07 and Fi/ure 40@)
6(e #2 Progress tab s(ows t(e te!poral evolution of t(e Db:ective Function ?DF@B
wit( +nitial value in /reenB current value in red and all ot(ers values in oran/e. 6(e
activation of t(e !ouse w(eel on vertical a;is allows to <oo! on t(e DF values of
interest.
6(e Comparator tab allows followin/ t(e pro/ression of t(e current si!ulated
(ydro/rap( wit( respect to t(e observed one.

(i>ure 87 >rap(ic results of t(e calibration in pro/ress. #volution of t(e Db:ective function ?left@ and
(ydro/rap( of bot( observed and current si!ulated disc(ar/e ?ri/(t@.
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S


At t(e end of t(e calibration)
6(e final para!eters obtained are collected in t(e current !odel. +f t(e !odel is
savedB t(e para!eters are storedE if notB t(e (ydrolo/ical !odel 8eeps initial
para!eters. values.
6(e para!eters can be e;ported in a file by clic8in/ on in t(e Parameters
import?e"port fra!e ?Fi/ure 07@.
Multiple c#li<r#tion
AdditionallyB in co!bination wit( all possible opti!i<ationsB !ultiple calibrations can be
ac(ieved)
nconnected basins calibration) several independent basins can be calibrated if t(e
sa!e VorderW is provided for all of t(e!.
pstrea!'downstrea! basins calibration) Different dependent basins can be
calibrated fro! upstrea! to downstrea! ?VorderW /rows up fro! upstrea! to
downstrea!@.
Parallel and series calibration can be co!bined for a co!ple; basin as presented in e;a!ple
of t(e Fi/ure 41B w(ere two unconnected basins are calibrated in "alibration A and
"alibration 9B t(en a downstrea! basin is calibrated in "alibration " andB finallyB a !ore
downstrea! basin is calibrated in "alibration D.

(i>ure 8$ #;a!ple of a calibration wit( two unconnected basins and two basins upstrea!
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

B%& 1ime!slice simul#tion
6(e si!ulation ti!e increases lo/ically wit( t(e !odel co!ple;ity but also wit( t(e
si!ulation period len/t(. So t(at si!ulations on lon/ periods wit( s(ort ti!e steps and a
very branc(ed and co!ple; !odel ?for e;a!ple t(e *+,#R&# !odel on a period on !any
years at (ourly ti!e step@ can beco!e unsuitable and even so!eti!es i!possible. +n t(is
caseB it is necessary to clip t(e si!ulation period in ti!e'slices.
+n RS *+,#R&#B a ti!e'slice si!ulation can be reali<ed in t(e Time-slice simulation tool.
"lic8 on RS E"pert in t(e Toolbo" fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@. 6(e RS E"pert is opened. 6(en clic8
on Time-slice simulation in t(e top left part of t(e windows ?Fi/ure 42@.
Inputs
?*eteoB %PPB
SourceB etc..@
)utputs
?All results and
selection@
Selection
?%ydro/rap( visuali<ation@
Solver
Comp#r#tors
?6abular and /rap(ic results@
"lic8Z

(i>ure 8& +nterface of t(e 6i!e'slice si!ulation !odule ?in blac8) confi/urationE in /reen) results@
RS MINERE.
1ime!slice con;i>ur#tion
6(e creation of a new ti!e'slice confi/uration can be ac(ieved followin/ ne;t steps
+n t(e Inputs fra!e ?Fi/ure 42@B select t(e dataset?s@ for eac( data source ?StationB
6urbineD9B SourceB etc...@. For e;a!pleB for t(e Data Source of Station ob:ects) clic8
on Station% searc( t(e correspondin/ dataset na!e?s@ and c(ec8 it.
*ore t(an one dataset can be c(ec8ed for eac( type of input. +f t(e periods covered
by t(e datasets overlapB t(e one startin/ first is used.

"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

+n t(e Selection fra!e ?Fi/ure 42@B select in t(e co!bo t(e model selection to be used.
6(e ob:ects of t(e selection are displayed below t(e co!bo. Selectin/ ob:ects in t(e
list allows plottin/ t(e! in t(e fra!e in t(e ri/(t part of t(e Selection fra!e after
si!ulation ?!ultiple selection is possible usin/ "trl@. 6(e model selection is also used
for t(e results e;portation.
+n t(e #utputs fra!e ?Fi/ure 42@B define t(e outputs to be recorded) /ll results ?all
t(e si!ulation results of t(e !odel@ and1or Results from selection ?w(ic( considers
only t(e above selected !odel selection@. For eac( oneB it is possible to record)
o Eac& simulation ) one dataset will be produced by ti!e'slice ?see Simulation
period in Sol0er frame at Fi/ure 42@E
o Combined simulations) only one dataset will be produced for all t(e periodE
o Not&ing: no dataset will be produced5
+n t(e Sol0er fra!e ?Fi/ure 42@B specify)
o 6(e entire si!ulation period) Start and End dates.
9e defaultB t(e !a;i!u! possible period is proposed. 6(is period
corresponds to t(e !a;i!u! period covered by t(e datasets in eac( ob:ect
type for w(ic( at least one dataset is selected. *anual !odification can only
s(rin8 t(e e;tent of t(e si!ulation period.
o 6(e ti!e'slice or Simulation period: annuall(% mont&l(% etcA5
o 9ot( Simulation and Recording ti!e stepsE
1ime!slice st#rtIstop
"lic8 on in t(e Sol0er fra!e to launc( t(e ti!e'slice si!ulation.
+f t(e !odel is validB t(e si!ulation starts. Succes of eac( ti!e'slice is presented wit(
a /reen pro/ress bar ?Fi/ure 40B left@. +f t(e !odel is not validB t(e RS *+,#R&# error
window is displayed and a /ray pro/ress bas is s(own ?Fi/ure 40B ri/(t@. +t is t(en
necessary to return to RS *+,#R&# to correct t(e !odel fatal error?s@.

(i>ure 8? Pro/ress state after succes ?left@ and failure ?ri/(t@ of t(e si!ulation
"lic8 on in t(e Sol0er fra!e if necessary to stop t(e si!ulation.
All results until t(at !o!ent are saved
1ime!slice results
After eac( t(e co!putation of eac( ti!e'sliceB ne;t co!ponents are s(owed)
+n t(e Sol0er fra!eB t(e pro/ress bar of eac( ti!e'sliceE
+n t(e Selection fra!eB t(e series of t(e co!ponents selected in t(e ob:ect list for t(e
last co!puted ti!e'slice.
+n t(e "o!parators fra!e) t(e values of t(e indicators c(ec8ed under Indicators to
0isuali@e for t(e selected co!parators are s(own /rap(ically in t(e top part of t(e
fra!e and in tabular for! in t(e botto! part of t(e sa!e fra!e ?Fi/ure 44@.

"(apter 5 ) RS >+S


(i>ure 88 &isuali<ation of indicators at t(e different co!parators

*odification of t(e ob:ects selection in t(e Selection fra!e as well as indicators and
co!parators to consider in t(e Comparators fra!e can be !odified durin/ t(e 6i!e'slice
si!ulation.
6(e tabular results of indicators can be e;ported at any ti!e by copyin/ t(e! and pastin/
t(e te;t in a file.
At t(e end of t(e ti!e'slice si!ulationB t(e outputs datasets are available in t(e sa!e
repository t(an t(ose of t(e database.
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

B%? Scen#rio simul#tion
6o evaluate t(e !odel sensitivity ?i.e. t(e si!ulated flows@ to t(e +nitial "onditionsB to t(e
para!eters and also to t(e !eteorolo/ical inputsB it is necessary to run a lot of si!ulations
to test different sets of values. 9ut for t(e user it is very tedious to launc( t(ese !any
scenarios si!ulations.
+n RS *+,#R&#B scenario.s si!ulations can be reali<ed in t(e Scenario simulation tool.
"lic8 on RS E"pert in t(e Toolbo" fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@. 6(e RS E"pert is opened.
6(en clic8 on t(e Scenario simulation in t(e top left part of t(e windows ?Fi/ure 42@.
Selection
?%ydro/rap( visuali<ation@
Comp#r#tors
?6abular and /rap(ic results@
Inputs
?*eteoB %PPB
SourceB etc..@
)utputs
?All results and
selection@
Solver
"lic8Z

(i>ure 8@ +nterface of t(e Scenario si!ulation !odule ?in blac8) confi/urationE in /reen) results@
RS MINERE.
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

Scen#rios con;i>ur#tion
A scenario is co!posed of a co!bination of input datasets ?one for eac( type of Input data@B
a set of initial conditions and a set of para!eters. #;cept t(e dataset for t(e Station input
?!eteorolo/ical inputs@ w(en t(e !odel contains at least one irtual weat&er stationB all
ot(er inputs are optional. +nitial conditions and para!eters are provided as te;t or
wor8s(eet files.
All possible co!binations co!posed of every input type wit( at least one dataset or input
file are si!ulated.
6(e creation of a new scenarios confi/uration can be ac(ieved followin/ ne;t steps
+n t(e Inputs fra!e ?Fi/ure 44@B clic8 on t(e DataSets tab ?Fi/ure 43@. Select t(e
dataset?s@ to be used as data sources for t(e different +nputs) StationB 6urbineD9B
SourceB Reservoir and "onsu!er ?only ob:ect types e;istin/ in t(e !odel are listed@.
For e;a!pleB for t(e Station data sourceB clic8 on Station in t(e left part% searc( t(e
correspondin/ dataset na!e?s@ in t(e ri/(t part and c(ec8 it. \ou can select !ore
t(an one dataset for eac( type of input.

(i>ure 8A Inputs fra!e in t(e Scenario si!ulation tool
"lic8 on t(e +nitial conditions tab ?Fi/ure 43@. +f you want to add initial conditions
file?s@B clic8 on and i!port t(e desired +" files. 6(e selected files are listed in t(e
Inputs fra!e.
"lic8 on t(e Para!eters tab ?Fi/ure 43@. +f you want to add para!eters file?s@B clic8 on
and i!port t(e desired para!eters files. 6(e selected files are listed in t(e
Inputs fra!e.
+n t(e Selection fra!e ?Fi/ure 44@B select in t(e co!bo t(e !odel selection to be
used. 6(e !odels of t(e selection are displayed below t(e co!bo. Selectin/
co!ponents in t(e list allows plottin/ t(e! in t(e fra!e in t(e ri/(t part of t(e
Selection fra!e after si!ulation ?!ultiple selection is possible usin/ "trl@. 6(e *odel
selection is also used for t(e results e;portation.
+n t(e #utputs fra!e ?Fi/ure 44@B define t(e outputs to be recorded) /ll results ?all
t(e si!ulation results of t(e !odel@ and1or Results from selection ?w(ic( considers
only t(e above selected !odel selection@. For eac( oneB it is possible to record)
o Eac& simulation ) one dataset will be produced by ti!e'slice ?see Simulation
period in Sol0er frame at Fi/ure 44@E
o Combined simulations) only one dataset will be produced for all t(e periodE
o Not&ing: no dataset will be produced5
+n t(e Sol0er fra!e ?Fi/ure 44@B specify)
o 9ot( Simulation and Recording ti!e stepsE
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S


6(e period of eac( scenario si!ulation will correspond to t(e period covered by all t(e
datasets co!posin/ t(e scenario. +f t(e covered periods for a scenario do not overlap for
!ore t(an one ti!e stepB a /ray pro/ress bar is displayed.

1ime!slice st#rtIstop
"lic8 on in t(e Sol0er fra!e to launc( t(e ti!e'slice si!ulation.
+f t(e !odel is validB t(e si!ulation starts. Succes of eac( scenario is presented wit( a
/reen pro/ress bar ?Fi/ure 47@. +f t(e !odel is not validB t(e RS *+,#R&# error
window is displayed and a /ray pro/ress bas is s(own ?Fi/ure 40B ri/(t@. +t is t(en
necessary to return to RS *+,#R&# to correct t(e !odel fatal error?s@.

(i>ure 8B Pro/ress state after succes ?left@ and failure ?ri/(t@ of t(e si!ulation
"lic8 on in t(e Sol0er fra!e if necessary to stop t(e si!ulation.
All results until t(at !o!ent are saved
Scen#rios results
After eac( scenario si!ulationB ne;t co!ponents are s(owed)
At t(e top of Selection fra!e) t(e te!poral evolution of eac( selectionE
+n t(e Comparator fra!e) t(e values of indicators c(ec8ed at t(e top left of t(e fra!e
?Indicators to 0isuali@e@.6(ese values are displayed as /rap(ical and tabular for!s and
correspond to t(e co!parator selected in t(e botto! left of t(e Comparator fra!eE
Durin/ t(e si!ulationB you can c(an/e all t(e ob:ects or all indicators or all co!parators to
visuali<e by clic8in/ on or c(ec8in/ t(e!. 6(e tabular results of indicators can be e;ported at
all ti!es by copyin/ t(en pastin/ t(e te;t in a file.
At t(e end of t(e scenario si!ulationB t(e outputs datasets are available in t(e sa!e
repository t(an t(ose of t(e database.

"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

Ch#pter G' RS +IS
6(e RS >+S !odule allows t(e user to !ana/e and process /eospatial data. +n t(is c(apterB
t(e RS >+S interface and t(e #levation 9ands ?#9@ "reator !odule are presented.

6(e entire RS >+S !odule is still under develop!ent and new tools will be added in a near
future.
G%$ RS +IS inter;#ce
6o start RS >+S)
"lic8 on RS *IS in t(e Toolbo" fra!e ?Fi/ure 1@. 6(e RS *IS is opened ?Fi/ure 45@.
1ool<o:
+IS Comm#nds
M#p l#yers
+IS Inter;#ce

(i>ure 8G +nterface of t(e RS >+S
Import#tion o; ne9 l#yers
6o add /eospatial data in t(e >+S +nterfaceB
"lic8 on t(e /dd la(ers button in t(e >+S "o!!ands window ?Fi/ure 45@.
*ove up1down t(e different layers and use t(e c(ec8 bo;es to display or not t(e
layers.
Inst#ll#tion o; the R proFect 9ith prede;ined li<r#ries
+n order to use !odules li8e t(e #9 "reatorB RS >+S reAuires t(e installation of a R pro:ect
wit( predefined libraries ?Fi/ure 42@.
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S


(i>ure 8H Iarnin/ infor!in/ t(e reAuire!ent of a R pro:ect wit( predefined libraries
6(e pro:ect can be downloaded fro! t(e (ttp)11www.crealp.c( website. Proper installation
can be ac(ieved usin/ followin/ steps)
Download t(e R Distribution for RS *+,#R&# fro! t(is pa/e
(ttp)11www.crealp.c(1fr1accueil1ressources1lo/iciels1rs'!inerve1telec(ar/e!ents.(t!l
n<ip t(e R Distribution folder and !ove it to an adeAuate folder
20
.
I(en openin/ for t(e first ti!e a !odule reAuirin/ t(e R Pro:ectB you will be as8ed to define
t(e location of t(e folder.
Select in t(e list t(e folder.
G%& Elev#tion /#nd Cre#tor (E/ ,reaor)
6(e #levation 9and "reator tool allows t(e user to divide a s(ape representin/ a waters(ed
into a division of elevation bands. +t will facilitate t(e !odelin/ of a waters(ed in RS
*+,#R&#. #9 "reator produces a s(ape wit( t(e elevation bands and a PDF fileB but it also
produces a para!eter file wit( t(e necessary para!eters for t(e (ydrolo/ical !odel.
E/ Cre#tor inter;#ce
6o start #9 "reator)
"lic8 on EB Creator in t(e RS *IS Toolsbo" fra!e ?Fi/ure 45@. 6(e EB Creator is opened
?Fi/ure 40@.

20
For e;a!ple in ")aopt
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S


(i>ure @7 Iarnin/ infor!in/ t(e reAuire!ent of a R pro:ect wit( predefined libraries

,#t# re6uirements
6(e followin/ data files are reAuired)
D#* of t(e entire basin. 6(e /rid !ust be re/ular. 6(e for!at of t(e D#* file can be
in different for!ats
S(ape file of t(e basin ?optionally divided wit( poly/ons into sub'basins. #ac(
poly/on !ust contain a uniAue VidW field na!e. 6(e s(ape can be or not dissolved
and t(e VidW field na!e can be c(osen by t(e user in t(e #9" interface.
S(ape file of t(e /laciers if t(ey e;ists in t(e basin.
Procedure
%ereafter t(e necessary steps to perfor! a division of a waters(ed into !ultiples elevation
bands.

1. +n RS >+S clic8 on t(e !odule tool #9 "reator
2. "(oose t(e D#* pat(na!e in t(e inputs fra!e ?by writin/ it or by double clic8in/ to
indicate t(e location@
0. "(oose t(e waters(ed s(ape file pat(na!e in t(e inputs fra!e ?by writin/ it or by
double clic8in/ to indicate t(e location@
4. +ndicate t(e na!e of t(e attribute colu!n t(at is use as an VidW in t(e s(ape file
4. +ndicate if t(ere are /laciers
"(apter 5 ) RS >+S

3. "(oose t(e /lacier.s s(ape pat(na!e in t(e inputs fra!e ?by writin/ it or by double
clic8in/ to indicate t(e location@
7. +ndicate t(e pat( w(ere you want t(e outputs to be produced ?in t(e outputs fra!e@
5. +ndicate t(e outputs you want to be produced
2. "(oose t(e !a;i!u! difference of elevation in a band by !odifyin/ t(e D#$6A K
*AM value
10. $aunc( t(e calculation by double clic8in/ on t(e button V"reateW. At t(e end of t(e
runnin/B you can find t(e as8ed files in t(e outputs directory

"(apter 2 ) #;a!ples of application

Ch#pter H' E:#mples o; #pplic#tion
+n t(is c(apterB so!e e;a!ples of application are presented in order to deepen t(e
8nowled/e of t(e pro/ra!. 6(ese basic e;a!ples are desi/nated to facilitate t(e learnin/ of
t(e pro/ra! RS *+,#R&#. 6(e e;a!ples are or/ani<ed accordin/ to t(e de/ree of difficulty.
6(e use of RS *+,#R&# in case studies (as de!onstrated t(e capacity of t(e pro/ra! to
correctly reproduce t(e real be(avior of river basins. +n additionB t(e pro/ra! facilitates t(e
searc( of different scenarios of operation w(ile opti!i<in/ co!ple; syste!s in a
satisfactorily way.
6(is c(apter contains t(ree e;a!ples wit( didactic ai!s)
#;a!ple 1 - Si!ple basin wit( only runoff.
#;a!ple 2 ' "o!bined full basin wit( !eteorolo/ical stations.
#;a!ple 0 ' #Auipped basin wit( a (ydropower sc(e!e.
#;a!ple 4 - Auto!atic calibration of a !odel


H%$ E:#mple $ J Simple <#sin 9ith only runo;;
+n t(e first e;a!ple t(e ob:ective is to !odel t(e production of a net rain'flow of t(ree
i!per!eable basinsB t(en t(e propa/ation of two (ydro/rap(sB t(e i!ple!entin/ of t(ree
inflows at a confluence and finally t(eir propa/ation to t(e !odel outlet ?Fi/ure 41@.
River A
River 9
River "
"onfluence
Dutlet
9asin 1 9asin 2
9asin 0

(i>ure @$ *odel sc(e!e
6(e t(ree i!per!eable surfaces are supposed to be located in t(e sa!e re/ionB t(us
receivin/ an identical precipitation. #ac( surface (as its own outlet into different rivers ?A
and 9@ w(ic( are :oined later on in a sin/le final river ?"@ before flowin/ into t(e outlet of t(e
!odel. 6(e para!eters and t(e state variables of t(e t(ree surfacesB of t(e t(ree rivers and
t(e precipitation data are provided in 6able 3. 6(e t(ree rivers are !odeled wit( t(e
8ine!atic wave !odel.

)<Fective o; E:#mple $
6(e reAuested result is t(e (ydro/rap( at t(e !odel outlet durin/ 24 (oursB after t(e
be/innin/ of t(e precipitationB as well as t(e pea8 disc(ar/e and t(e pea8 ti!e.
6(e si!ulation para!eters are)
Si!ulation ti!e step Q 300 sE
Recordin/ ti!e step Q 300 s.
A unifor! and null #6P is assu!ed for t(is e;a!ple ?t(e user can c(ec8 t(e selected #6P
!et(od in t(e RS *+,#R&# settin/s@.

1#<le A "(aracteristics of t(e ob:ects
Precipitation
time (h) rain (mm/h)
0 0
1 1.08
2 1.44
3 1.80
4 2.88
5 5.40
6 8.28
7 9.97
8 6.84
9 5.04
10 3.24
11 2.63
12 1.44
13 0.72
14 0

SWMM 1 SWMM 2
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
A 1.00E+07 m
2
A 4.00E+06 m
2

L 1500 m L 3000 m
JO 0.1 - JO 0.05 -
K 1.9 m
1/3
/s K 1.5 m
1/3
/s
Hini 0 m Hini 0 m

SWMM 3 River A
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
A 8.00E+06 m
2
L 3000 m
L 2500 m BO 6 m
JO 0.02 - m 1 -
K 1.3 m
1/3
/s JO 0.001 -
Hini 0 m K 30 m
1/3
/s
Qini 0 m
3
/s

River B River C
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
L 4000 m L 2000 m
BO 4 m BO 7 m
m 1 - m 1 -
JO 0.005 - JO 0.001 -
K 30 m
1/3
/s K 30 m
1/3
/s
Qini 0 m
3
/s Qini 0 m
3
/s


10.
Resolution o; E:#mple $
6(is first e;a!ple is a si!plified representation of t(e reality. Despite of t(atB it allows t(e
fa!iliari<ation wit( t(e concept of RS MINERE and to 8now !ore about its (ydrolo/ical
ob:ects.
At firstB t(e ob:ect BTime Series= is introduced. "lic8in/ once on its icon in t(e #b$ects
frameB a pen appears. \ou can t(en clic8 in t(e /rap(ic interface for creatin/ t(e ob:ect in
t(e position you want. ,e;tB t(e t(ree run'off surfaces are created by !eans of t(e ob:ect
VSI**W . 6(e t(ree rivers are introduced by selectin/ t(e !odel VReac( Uine!aticW .
6(e !odel built'up will be finis(ed wit( t(e introduction of t(e two ob:ects VJunctionW .
6(e /rap(ical interface at t(is sta/e is presented in Fi/ure 42.

(i>ure @& *rap&ic interface of Routing S(stem II wit& t&e new ob$ects
After creatin/ t(e new ob:ectsB topolo/ical lin8s or connections (ave to be establis(ed. 6o do
soB it is sufficient to press once t(e space bar of t(e 8eyboard to pass in VconnectionsW !ode.
+n #ditin/ toolsB t(e "onnections button is t(en auto!atically pressed ?Fi/ure 40@. Flyin/ over
eac( ob:etB t(e curser presented before as an arrow now appears as a cross. ,e;tB clic8 fro!
t(e ob:ect _ 6i!e Series ` to t(e ob:ect _ SI** 1 `B t(us creatin/ a topolo/ical lin8.



(i>ure @? #ditin/ tools fra!e in "onnections !ode
6(e ot(ers ob:ects are connected in t(e sa!e way. Press a/ain t(e space bar of t(e
8eyboard to return to selection !ode. 6(e construction of all t(e !odel ob:ects and t(e
resultin/ topolo/ic lin8s is t(us ac(ieved as presented in Fi/ure 44 and it only re!ains t(e
introduction of t(e para!eters.

(i>ure @8 6opolo/ic lin8s between t(e different ob:ects fro! t(e !odel


9y double clic8in/ on t(e lin8s :ust created ?blue arrows@B t(e infor!ation transferred
between _ 6i!e Series ` and t(e t(ree run'off surfaces as well as t(at between all ot(er
ob:ects fro! up' to downstrea! is verified ?Fi/ure 44@.

(i>ure @@ #;a!ples of different connections of t(e presented !odel
+n clic8in/ double on t(e 6i!e Series ob:ectB t(e associated fra!e is opened on t(e ri/(t of
t(e screen and t(e values V time )s, - i )m?s,= are introduced ?Fi/ure 43@.

(i>ure @A &alues of t(e V6e!porary seriesW
,e;tB for eac( SI** ob:ect ? @B t(e respective para!eters ?values available in 6able 3@
are defined by double clic8in/ on every ob:ect and introducin/ t(e! by t(e (elp of t(e bot(
Para!eters and +nitial conditions fra!es. 6(e para!eters of t(e Rivers are introduced in t(e
sa!e way ?Fi/ure 47@.


(i>ure @B Para!eters and initial conditions fra!es of SI** 1 ?left@ and of River A ?ri/(t@
6(e date para!eters of t(e si!ulation are !odified in Solver fra!e on t(e left of t(e screen
?Fi/ure 45@ before t(e calculation. For bot( dates _ Start ` and _ #nd ` an arbitrary date is
proposedB but t(e _ #nd ` date (as to finis( 24 (ours later t(an _ Start ` date. 6(e
VSi!ulation ti!e stepW and t(e VRecordin/ ti!e stepW (ave a value of 300 s.

(i>ure @G Solver fra!e
"onstructed final !odel can be now saved clic8in/ in t(e button and /ivin/ a na!e to t(e
file ?e./. V#;a!ple1.rs!W@. 6(is way t(e !odel could be loaded later to do new si!ulations.
9esidesB t(e user can introduce a description of t(e !odel in t(e Pro:ect fra!e ?Fi/ure 42@.

(i>ure @H Pro:ect fra!e.
6(e description of t(e !odel can be added (ere. 9efore runnin/ calculationB a pre'
si!ulation validation of t(e !odel para!eteri<ation can be !ade in clic8in/ in t(e button
?*odel fra!e@. +ts report is su!!ari<ed on t(e ri/(t of t(e interface.
FinallyB t(e si!ulation is initiated by clic8in/ on t(e button Start in t(e Solver fra!e.


Results o; E:#mple $
+n order to access to t(e calculation results for eac( ob:ect it (as to be clic8ed two ti!es on
any of t(e!. For e;a!pleB clic8in/ double on t(e ob:ect DutletB its dialo/ bo; is opened on
t(e ri/(t and t(e si!ulated (ydro/rap(B bein/ t(e ob:ective of t(e #;a!ple 1B is s(own
?Fi/ure 30@.
0
(i>ure A7 Results of t(e si!ulation in t(e outlet of t(e !odel
+f we c(ec8 t(e values ?Fi/ure 31@B we can found t(at t(e !a;i!al disc(ar/e ?22.0102 !
0
1s@
arrives at 02)40 ?assu!in/ t(e si!ulation starts at 00)00@.

(i>ure A$ Disc(ar/e values at outlet


H%& E:#mple & J Com<ined ;ull <#sin 9ith meteorolo>ic#l st#tions
6(e (ydrolo/ical syste! proposed by t(e #;a!ple 2 includes four (ydrolo/ical !odels of
productionB a >S* and t(ree %9& !odels as well as t(e rivers of t(e basin. 6(e disc(ar/e
production in t(e subbasins area is based on /iven precipitations and te!peratures fro! a
database.
6(is e;pected !odel is represented in Fi/ure 32.
River A
River 9
River "
"onfluence
Dutlet
9asin %9& 1 9asin >S* 1
9asin %9& 2
9asin %9& 0
*eteorolo/ical
station 2
*eteorolo/ical
station 1

(i>ure A& *odel sc(e!e
6(e para!eters of t(e ob:ects are provided in 6able 3 and t(e precipitation and te!perature
data are in t(e database _ Database !anual`.

)<Fective o; E:#mple &
6(e ob:ective of t(is e;a!ple is to deter!ine t(e (ydro/rap( in t(e outlet of t(e syste!
durin/ t(e period between t(e 05.04.2010 00)00 and t(e 14.04.2010 00)00B t(e pea8
disc(ar/e and t(e pea8 ti!eB as well as t(e disc(ar/e created at t(e outlet of eac( subbasin.
6(e si!ulation para!eters are)
Si!ulation ti!e step Q 300 sE
Recordin/ ti!e step Q 300 s.
A unifor! and null #6P is assu!ed for t(is e;a!ple ?t(e user can c(ec8 t(e selected #6P
!et(od in t(e RS *+,#R&# settin/s@.



1#<le B "(aracteristics of t(e ob:ects
Virtual Weather Station G1 (for GSM 1) Virtual Weather Station H1 (for HBV 1)
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
X 606482 m X 603679 m
Y 101777 m Y 102025 m
Z 3035 m Z 2889 m
Search Radius 10000 m Search Radius 10000 m
No. min. of
stations
1 -

No. min. of stations 1 -
Gradient P 0 m/s/m Gradient P 0 m/s/m
Gradient T -0.0065 C/m Gradient T -0.0065 C/m
Gradient ETP 0 m/s/m Gradient ETP 0 m/s/m
Coeff P 1 - Coeff P 1 -
Coeff T 0 - Coeff T 0 -
Coeff ETP 1 - Coeff ETP 1 -

GSM 1 HBV 1
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
A 4.00E+06 m2 A 1.00E+07 m2
An 6 mm/C/day CFMax 6 mm/C/day
ThetaCri 0.1 - CFR 1 -
bp 0.0125 s/m CWH 0.1 -
Tcp1 0 C TT 2 C
Tcp2 6 C TTInt 2 C
Tcf 0 C TTSM 0 C
Agl 7 mm/C/day Beta 2.5 -
Tcg 0 C FC 250 mm
Kgl 1.4 1/d PWP 325 mm
Ksn 1.7 1/d SUMax 50 mm
HsnowIni 0.2 m Kr 0.25 1/day
ThetaIni 0 - Ku 0.15 1/day
QsnowIni 0.1 m3/s Kl 0.05 1/day
QglacierIni 0 m3/s Kperc 0.15 1/day
HsnowIni 0.02 m
WHIni 0 -
HumIni 0.23 m
SUIni 0.05 m
SLIni 0.15 m



1#<le G "(aracteristics of t(e ob:ects
Virtual Weather Station H2 (for HBV 2) Virtual Weather Station H3 (for HBV 3)
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
X 604908 m X 604837 m
Y 103668 m Y 105120 m
Z 2406 m Z 1947 m
Search Radius 10000 m Search Radius 10000 m
No. min. of
stations
1 -

No. min. of stations 1 -
Gradient P 0 m/s/m Gradient P 0 m/s/m
Gradient T -0.0065 C/m Gradient T -0.0065 C/m
Gradient ETP 0 m/s/m Gradient ETP 0 m/s/m
Coeff P 1 - Coeff P 1 -
Coeff T 0 - Coeff T 0 -
Coeff ETP 1 - Coeff ETP 1 -

HBV 2 HBV 3
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
A 8.00E+06 m2 A 9.00E+06 m2
CFMax 7 mm/C/day CFMax 7 mm/C/day
CFR 1 - CFR 1 -
CWH 0.1 - CWH 0.1 -
TT 2 C TT 2 C
TTInt 2 C TTInt 2 C
TTSM 0 C TTSM 0 C
Beta 2.3 - Beta 2.3 -
FC 275 mm FC 280 mm
PWP 360 mm PWP 370 mm
SUMax 55 mm SUMax 60 mm
Kr 0.3 1/day Kr 0.35 1/day
Ku 0.1 1/day Ku 0.1 1/day
Kl 0.05 1/day Kl 0.05 1/day
Kperc 0.15 1/day Kperc 0.15 1/day
HsnowIni 0.01 M HsnowIni 0 m
WHIni 0 - WHIni 0 -
HumIni 0.2 M HumIni 0.22 m
SUIni 0.01 M SUIni 0.02 m
SLIni 0.1 M SLIni 0.1 m



1#<le H "(aracteristics of t(e ob:ects
River A River B
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
Lenght (L) 3000 m Lenght (L) 4000 m
bed width (BO) 6 m bed width (BO) 4 m
Side bank rel. (m) 1 - Side bank rel. (m) 1 -
Slope (JO) 0.001 - Slope (JO) 0.005 -
Strickler (K) 30 m
1/3
/s Strickler (K) 30 m
1/3
/s
Initial discharge (Qini) 0 m
3
/s Initial discharge (Qini) 0 m
3
/s

River C
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Lenght (L) 2000 m
bed width (BO) 7 m
Side bank rel. (m) 1 -
Slope (JO) 0.001 -
Strickler (K) 30 m
1/3
/s
Initial discharge (Qini) 0 m
3
/s

9esidesB two !eteorolo/ical real stations are included in t(e data base

1#<le $7 "(aracteristics of t(e !eteorolo/ical real stations
Meteorological Station 1 (Database) Meteorological Station 2 (Database)
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
X 605709 m X 604002 m
Y 102143 m Y 103517 m
Z 2756 m Z 2387 m


Resolution o; E:#mple &
First of allB t(e subcatc(!ent wit( %9& and >S* !odels will be set up. 6(enB t(e
t(ree rivers ?wit( Reac( Uine!atic@ and t(e two :unctions are also added as
presented in Fi/ure 32 ?!ore details are /iven in #;a!ple 1 for !odel constructionB includin/
t(e lin8 between eac( ob:ect and t(eir para!eteri<ation@.

(i>ure A? 6opolo/ic lin8s between t(e different ob:ects
After t(atB t(e !odels are lin8ed fro! upstrea! to downstrea! and t(e relations created
can be visuali<ed by double clic8in/ on eac( blue arrow ?Fi/ure 34B Fi/ure 34B Fi/ure 33@.

x

(i>ure A8 Relations between t(e ob:ects
(i>ure A@ Possible outputs transfers between ob:ects


(i>ure AA "onnections between ob:ects
6(e para!eters associated to eac( ob:ect are t(en introduced ?values available in 6able 7B
6able 5 and 6able 2@. 6(e result is presented for bot( %9& 1 and >S* 1 !odels in Fi/ure 37.

(i>ure AB Para!eters of t(e %9& 1 !odel ?left@ and t(e >S* 1 !odel ?ri/(t@
SecondlyB virtual weat(er stations are inserted. For its acco!plis(!entB 4 &irtual Ieat(er
Stations are created and connected accordin/ to t(e Fi/ure 35. 6(e topolo/y of t(e
relations created in t(is case is detailed in Fi/ure 32. 6(en t(e para!eters are introduced
?Fi/ure 70@ wit( t(e available values in 6able 5.



(i>ure AG 6opolo/y of t(e full !odel) productionB transfer t(en transport

(i>ure AH 6opolo/ic lin8s between t(e different ob:ects


(i>ure B7 Para!eters of t(e &irtual Ieat(er Station %1 ?for %9& 1@
"onstructed !odel can be now saved clic8in/ in t(e button and /ivin/ a na!e to t(e .rs!
file ?e./. V#;a!ple2.rs!W@.
,e;tB t(e !eteorolo/ical data (ave to be loaded) t(e dialo/ bo; of t(e database is opened
clic8in/ in ?Fi/ure 71@ for loadin/ t(e correspondin/ database file ?VDatabase
!anual.db;W@.

(i>ure B$ Database fra!e
6(e user can clic8 in for visuali<in/ or !odifyin/ t(e database ?Fi/ure 72@.


(i>ure B& Database of t(e !odel
Dnce t(e database loadedB t(e user can connect t(e database to t(e (ydrolo/ical !odel. For
ac(ievin/ t(is purposeB t(e user (as to c(oose t(e correct data source in t(e correspondin/
fra!e ?Fi/ure 70@) t(e /roup V*easureW and t(e dataset VDataSet #;a!ple 2and0W for t(e
current e;a!ple. Since no sourceB TurbineDBB reservoir or consu!er ob:ects e;ist in t(e
!odelB it is not necessary to fill up t(eir data sources.

(i>ure B? Data source used for connectin/ t(e !odel to t(e database
FinallyB and after ac(ieve a si!ulationB t(e wei/(t of eac( !eteorolo/ical real station can be
c(ec8ed by clic8in/ at one &irtual Ieat(er station of t(e (ydrolo/ical !odel ?Fi/ure 74@.


(i>ure B8 Iei/(t of eac( !eteorolo/ical station for t(e &irtual Ieat(er Station %1
6(e pre'si!ulation validation ? @ allows to valid t(e !odel. +f t(e !essa/e)
V*odel b#;a!ple 2. is validW appearsB t(e si!ulation can be started by clic8in/ in t(e button
Start.


Results o; E:#mple &
Dnce finis(ed t(e calculationB t(e (ydro/rap( in t(e outlet of t(e syste!B a!on/ ot(ersB can
be visuali<ed ?Fi/ure 74@.

(i>ure B@ %ydro/rap( in t(e outlet of t(e syste!
+f we c(ec8 t(e values ?Fi/ure 73@B we can found t(at t(e !a;i!al disc(ar/e arrives on *ai
2B 2010 at 07)20 and t(e disc(ar/e value is 5.003 !
0
1s.

(i>ure BA Disc(ar/e values at outlet

All t(e si!ulated variables of t(e !odel ?includin/ t(e disc(ar/e in eac( sub'basin outlet@
can be visuali<ed ?Fi/ure 77 and Fi/ure 75 @ clic8in/ on t(e Plot fra!e and in selectin/ t(e
series to draw as presented in c(apter 4.2. Finally you can e;port t(e selection results in
e;cel for!at clic8in/ in V#;port results toLW in t(e series fra!e.

(i>ure BB Selection and Plots wit( t(e (ydro/rap(s at t(e outlet for eac( sub'basin of t(e syste!

(i>ure BG %ydro/rap(s at t(e outlet for eac( sub'basin of t(e syste!

H%? E:#mple ? J E6uipped <#sin 9ith # hydropo9er scheme
6(is e;a!pleB allows s(owin/ t(e potential of RS *+,#R&# for eAuipped basins. 6(e !odel
starts wit( t(e previous !odel built in #;a!ple 2 and adds a (ydropower sc(e!e as well as
a supple!entary basin wit( an inta8e. 6(e co!plete !odel is presented in Fi/ure 72.
River A
"(annel
"onfluence
Dutlet
9asin %9& 1 9asin >S* 1
9asin %9& 2
9asin %9& 0
*eteorolo/ical
station 2
*eteorolo/ical
station 1
%= 1
Reservoir 1
6urbine 1
River "
River 9
River M
9asin SD"D,6 1

(i>ure BH *odel sc(e!e
%9& 1B %9& 2 and >S* 1 basins flow t(rou/( t(e Reservoir 1. +nta8e located downstrea! of
a SD"D,6 !odel provides supple!entary disc(ar/e up to 2 !
0
1s. +t is assu!ed t(at t(e
propa/ation in t(e c(annel is insi/nificant and t(us it is not necessary to include it in t(e
!odel ?in ot(er caseB we could built it wit( t(e Reac( Uine!atic ob:ect@.
6(e reservoir includes a turbine and a spillway. 6(e turbine /enerates electricity as lon/ as it
is possible for a capacity of 1 !
0
1s. 6(ese two reservoir outflows flow in t(e River " up t(e
outletB w(ere t(ey are :oined by t(e production of %9& 0 sub'basin. All t(e para!eters of
t(e different ob:ects are provided in 6able 11. 6(e te!perature and precipitation data are in
t(e database _ Database !anual `. A unifor! and null #6P is assu!ed for t(is e;a!ple ?t(e
user can c(ec8 t(e selected #6P !et(od in t(e RS *+,#R&# settin/s@.
)<Fective o; E:#mple ?
P#rt A
6(e wanted result for t(is e;a!ple is t(e inflow in t(e reservoirB t(e spillway disc(ar/e and
t(e (ydro/rap( in t(e outlet of t(e !odel for t(e period between t(e 05.04.2010 00)00 and
t(e 14.04.2010 00)00 ?as well as t(e pea8 disc(ar/e and t(e pea8 ti!e@.
P#rt /
Second issue ai!s to 8now if t(e reservoir could be !ana/ed in order to reduce t(e pea8 in
t(e outlet of t(e syste!. 6(e ob:ective of t(is e;tension is to i!ple!ent a facility to release
water for preventive purposes.

1#<le $$ "(aracteristics of t(e ob:ects
Virtual Weather Station S1 (for SOCONT 1) SOCONT 1
Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units

Parameters and
initial conditions
Values Units
X 608017 m A 8000000 m2
Y 102861 m An 7 mm/C/day
Z 2796 m ThetaCri 0.1 -
Search Radius 10000 m Bp 0.0125 s/m
No. min. of stations 1 - Tcp1 0 C
Gradient P 0 m/s/m Tcp2 4 C
Gradient T -0.0065 C/m Tcf 0 C
Gradient ETP 0 m/s/m HGR3Max 0.3 m
Coeff P 1 - KGR3 0.005 1/s
Coeff T 0 - L 800 m
Coeff ETP 1 - J0 0.01 -

Kr 2
m
1/3
/s
HsnowIni 0.1 m
ThetaIni 0 -
HGR3Ini 0.1 m
HrIni 0 m

1#<le $& "(aracteristics of t(e ob:ects
Reservoir 1
H (m a.s.l.) Vol (m
3
)
2110 0
2115 7.92E+05
2120 2.09E+06
2125 3.96E+06
2130 6.48E+06
2135 9.90E+06

Parameters Values Units
Hini
2127.3 masl

Spillway 1 (with HQ)
H (m a.s.l.) Q (m
3
)
2128 0
2129 10
2130 30
2132 100
2135 250
Turbine time series 1
Time (s) Q (m
3
/s)
0 1
3.00E+06 1

Diversion 1
Qup (m3/s) Qdiverted (m3/s)
0 0
2 2
10 2

Additionally, initial discharge (Qini) of River C is in this case 1 m
3
/s.

Resolution o; E:#mple ? J P#rt A
+n t(e first placeB t(e !odel of t(e #;a!ple 2 is opened. 6(e connection between t(e
V"onfluenceW and t(e River " is erased and ob:ects &irtual Ieat(er Station B SD"D,6
B Reservoir B Spillway B 6urbine B 6i!es Series and Junction are addedB
as presented in Fi/ure 50.

(i>ure G7 "onstruction of t(e #;a!ple 0 !odel on t(e basis of #;a!ple 2
,ew ob:ects are always lin8ed fro! upstrea! to downstrea! ?e./.) SD"D,6 1 to Diversion
1B Diversion 1 to "onfluence ?=diverted@ and to Dutside of t(e 9asin ?=down@B Reservoir 1 to
%= 1B Reservoir 1 to 6urbine 1B 6i!e Series 1 to 6urbine 1B 6urbine 1 to River "B etc@. After
creatin/ t(e lin8s ?Fi/ure 51@B t(e news relations can be visuali<ed by double clic8in/ on eac(
blue arrow ?Fi/ure 52 and Fi/ure 50@.



(i>ure G$ 6ypolo/y of t(e new !odel

(i>ure G& Relations for &irtual Ieat(er Station S1 and SD"D,6 1 ob:ects


Reservoir relations

6urbine relations

+nta8e relations

(i>ure G? "onnections between ob:ects

6(e introduced para!eters of new ob:ects Diversion 1B Reservoir 1B %= 1 and 6i!e Series 1
are presented in Fi/ure 54 to Fi/ure 57.

(i>ure G8 Relation =up'=diverted introduced in t(e Diversion 1
(i>ure G@ Relation %'& of t(e Reservoir 1


(i>ure GA Relation %'= of t(e %= 1

(i>ure GB Disc(ar/e of t(e 6urbine 1 inserted in t(e 6i!e Series 1
Dnce t(e construction finis(edB it can be saved clic8in/ in t(e button and /ivin/ a na!e
to t(e .rs! file ?e./. V#;a!ple0.rs!W@.
9efore startin/ t(e calculationB t(e !eteorolo/ical data (ave to be loaded) t(e dialo/ bo; of
t(e database is opened clic8in/ in Dpen for loadin/ t(e correspondin/ database file
?VDatabase !anualW@. 6(e user can clic8 in for visuali<in/ or !odifyin/ t(e database
?Fi/ure 72@.
FinallyB t(e necessary para!eters of t(e si!ulation are c(osen in t(e !enu Solver fra!e
accordin/ to t(e propose dates in t(e wordin/. 6(e ot(er values ?ti!e intervals@ stay as
indicate in t(e pro/ra!B bein/ 300 s in bot( cases.

+f t(e pre'si!ulation validation allows to valid t(e !odel ?wit( t(e !essa/e) V*odel
b#;a!ple 0. is validW@B t(e si!ulation can be initiated clic8in/ in t(e button Start.
Results o; E:#mple ? J P#rt A
All t(e results can be visuali<ed by double clic8in/ in t(e correspondin/ ob:ect. Fi/ure 55
presents t(e (ydro/rap( at t(e syste! outlet.

(i>ure GG Dutlet (ydro/rap(
6(e pea8 disc(ar/e arrives on *ai 2B 2010 at 21)40 and t(e pea8 disc(ar/e is eAual to
5.40504!
0
1s.
6o su!!ari<e t(e si!ulated balance of Reservoir 1B an analysis of inputs1outputs in t(e
Reservoir 1 is reali<ed wit( t(e Plot tool. 6(e inflow into t(e Reservoir 1 ?"onfluence@B t(e
spillway disc(ar/e ?%= 1@B t(e turbine flow ?6urbine 1@B t(e total flow at t(e downstrea! of
t(e reservoir ?River "B =up@ and t(e reservoir level evolution ?Reservoir 1@ are presented in
Fi/ure 52. Despite t(e turbineB t(e reservoir level reac(ed its !a;i!al fill ratin/ wit( an
overflow w(ic( lasted several days. Finally t(e reservoir level co!es around 20 c! above t(e
initial level.


(i>ure GH Flows balance of t(e reservoir


Resolution o; E:#mple ? J P#rt /
+n order to create an outlet or a facility for releases one way is to define a turbine connected
to t(e reservoir ?Fi/ure 20@. Ie create a new turbine and !a8e t(e connections fro! t(e
reservoir to t(e new turbine and fro! t(e turbine to river ". Also we create a ti!e series
ele!ent connected to t(e new turbine w(ere we will define t(e releases fro! t(e
reservoirs.

(i>ure H7 6ypolo/y of t(e !odel includin/ t(e new release
,otice t(at actually t(e new turbine is representin/ a sluice of t(e reservoir. 6(e advanta/e
of t(is ele!ent over t(e %'= ele!ent is t(at we can define t(e flow t(at we want release
dependin/ on t(e ti!e and not on t(e volu!e of t(e reservoir.
Dnce t(e !odel (as been adapted we (ave to define t(e preventive releases in t(e
correspondin/ ti!e series. Analy<in/ t(e results of t(e e;a!ple one can t(in8 t(at
preventive release s(ould start near 10( of first day and finis( eleven (ours later.
As in t(e ti!e series we (ave to define ti!e in seconds ?0 seconds corresponds to t(e start
ti!e of t(e si!ulation@B t(e start is at 43500 s and t(e end at 53400 s. 6(e value of t(e

releases depends on t(e capacity of t(e sluice and t(e decision of t(e !ana/er. +n t(is caseB
a disc(ar/e of 4 !
0
1s is definedB as presented in Fi/ure 21.

(i>ure H$ Proposed release fro! t(e 6i!e Serie
,ew ob:ects are lin8ed as beforeB fro! upstrea! to downstrea!B obtainin/ sa!e relationsB
as presented in Fi/ure 22.
6urbine 2 relations

(i>ure H& "onnections between ob:ects


Results o; E:#mple ? J P#rt /
+n t(e followin/ fi/ure we can see t(e new flows of t(e outlet and ot(er variables. As it can
be seen t(e pea8 is reduced to less t(e 5 !
0
1s due to t(e preventive releases at t(e outlet of
t(e !odel ?Fi/ure 20@. *oreoverB wit( t(e e;tra releasesB we (ave created a first artificial
pea8.

(i>ure H? Dutlet (ydro/rap( after t(e addition of t(e new release. Pea8 disc(ar/e of 7.3171 !
0
1s
arrives now on *ai 10B 2010 at 02)10.
*a;i!u! water level on t(e reservoirB 2125.4701 ! a.s.l.B is at t(is case s!aller t(an
wit(out t(e e;tra release of Part A ?!a;i!u! water level of t(e part A was 2125.4050 !
a.s.l.@.
6o co!pared t(is results wit( t(e results of Part AB sa!e results are presentedB i.e.B an
analysis of inputs1outputs in t(e Reservoir 1. 6(e inflow into t(e Reservoir 1 ?"onfluence@B
t(e spillway disc(ar/e ?%= 1@B t(e turbine flows ?6urbine 1 and 6urbine 2@B t(e total flow at
t(e downstrea! of t(e reservoir ?River "B =up@ and t(e reservoir level evolution ?Reservoir
1@ are presented in Fi/ure 24.



(i>ure H8 Flows balance of t(e reservoir and (ydro/rap(s at !ain control points
Alt(ou/( t(e ob:ective (as ac(ievedB !any issues e!er/e fro! t(e !ana/e!ent of t(e
reservoir. %ow !uc( water we (ave to releasec Are we a//ravatin/ t(e situation
downstrea!c %ow !uc( ener/y we will lose if t(e flood is not as /reater as we e;pectedc
And so on.


H%8 E:#mple 8 J Autom#tic c#li<r#tion o; # model
6(is e;a!ple allows an introduction to t(e use of t(e !odule of (ydrolo/ic calibration in RS
#;pert. 6(e !odel starts wit( t(e previous !odel built in #;a!ple 2B wit( t(e sa!e
para!eters.
6(rou/( t(is e;a!ple ?Fi/ure 24@B five para!eters are calibrated. 6wo para!eters are
calibrated for t(e >S* ob:ect and t(ree for t(e %9& !odel)
>S*'AnB t(e de/ree'day snow!elt coefficientE
>S*'A/lB t(e De/ree'day ice!elt coefficientE
%9&'F"B t(e !a;i!u! soil stora/e capacityE
%9&'S*a;B t(e upper reservoir water level t(res(oldE
%9&'UrB t(e near surface flow stora/e coefficient.
6(e ran/e of values for t(e calibration can be defined based on t(e values /iven as re/ular
ran/e in Appendi; 1. 6(e te!peraturesB t(e precipitations and t(e outflow observed are in
t(e database VDatabase !anualW. A unifor! and null #6P is assu!ed for t(is e;a!ple ?t(e
user can c(ec8 t(e selected #6P !et(od in t(e RS *+,#R&# settin/s@.
River A
River 9
River "
"onfluence
Dutlet
9asin %9& 1 9asin >S* 1
9asin %9& 2
9asin %9& 0
*eteorolo/ical
station 2
*eteorolo/ical
station 1
>au/e station
>au/e station

(i>ure H@ *odel sc(e!e
)<Fective o; E:#mple 8
6(e wanted result is t(e new values for t(e calibrated para!eters of t(e >S* and %9&
!odels after t(e auto!atic calibration. For t(e calibrationB observed and si!ulated data are
co!pared at t(e confluence point and at t(e outlet for a period between t(e 01.02.2011
00)00 and t(e 01.05.2012 00)00. +n t(is e;a!pleB t(e calibration uses an Db:ective Function
?DF@ wit( a wei/(t of four for t(e ,as( indicatorB two for t(e Pearson "orrelation "oeff
indicatorB four for t(e Relative &olu!e 9ias indicator and <ero for t(e ot(er indicators. 6(e
VSi!ulation ti!e stepW and t(e VRecordin/ ti!e stepW are fi;ed to 300 s.

Resolution o; E:#mple 8
For t(e calibrationB it is necessary to add two source ob:ects to (ave a reference flows
?observed disc(ar/es@ at t(e confluence point and at t(e outlet. 6wo co!parators ob:ects
are also necessary to co!pare t(e results of t(e si!ulation wit( t(e reference data
?observations@ co!in/ fro! t(e source ob:ect.
6(e "onfluence and t(e Source 1 are connected to t(e co!parator 1. 6(e Dutlet and t(e
Source 2 are connected to t(e "o!parator 2. 6(e relations created can be visuali<ed by
double clic8in/ on eac( blue arrow ?Fi/ure 23B Fi/ure 27B Fi/ure 25@.

(i>ure HA 6opolo/ic lin8s between t(e different ob:ects



(i>ure HB Possible outputs transfers between ob:ects

(i>ure HG "onnections between ob:ects
"onstructed !odel can be now saved clic8in/ in t(e button and /ivin/ a na!e to t(e .rs!
file ?e./. V#;a!ple4.rs!W@.
,e;tB t(e !eteorolo/ical data (ave to be loaded) t(e dialo/ bo; of t(e database is opened
clic8in/ in ?Fi/ure 22@ for loadin/ t(e correspondin/ database file ?VDatabase
!anual.db;W@.

(i>ure HH Database fra!e
6(e user can clic8 in for visuali<in/ or !odifyin/ t(e database ?Fi/ure 100@.


(i>ure $77 Database of t(e !odel
Dnce t(e database loadedB t(e user can connect t(e database to t(e (ydrolo/ical !odel. For
ac(ievin/ t(is purposeB t(e user (as to c(oose t(e correct data source in t(e correspondin/
fra!e ?Fi/ure 101@) t(e /roup V*easureW and t(e dataset VDataSet #;a!ple 4W for t(e
current e;a!ple.

(i>ure $7$ Data source used for connectin/ t(e !odel to t(e database
FinallyB t(e !odule of (ydrolo/ic calibration in RS #;pert can be launc(ed by clic8in/ on RS
#;pert in t(e Toolbo" fra!e. 6(e RS #;pert is opened. 9y defaultB t(e %ydrolo/ical
calibration interface is s(owed ?Fi/ure 102@.


(i>ure $7& +nterface of t(e %ydrolo/ical calibration !odule
6wo calibration confi/urations can be created. Dne for eac( <one of t(e !odel ?Fi/ure 100@.
>ive t(e order 1 to t(e <one one and order 2 to <one 2.

(i>ure $7? "reation of t(e calibration confi/urations
+n t(e Selection fra!e t(e %9& and >S* ob:ects types are selected wit( t(e correspondin/
<one ?Fi/ure 104@.


(i>ure $78 Selection of ob:ects and <ones to calibrate
6(e para!eters to calibrate are c(ec8ed in t(e Para!eters fra!e ?Fi/ure 103@. For eac( of
t(e!B t(e !ini!u! and !a;i!u! values are defined based on t(e values /iven as re/ular
ran/e in Appendi; 1. 6(e source of t(e initial values is selected as rando! for t(e
para!eters to calibrate and fro! !odel for t(e ot(ers.
Select in t(e "o!parator fra!e t(e co!parator w(ose t(e observed disc(ar/es will be used
for t(e calibration of t(e correspondin/ <one.

(i>ure $7@ Selection of co!parators
And t(e para!eters are selected.


(i>ure $7A Definition of t(e para!eters to calibrate
+n t(e Db:ective Function ?DF@ fra!e t(e wei/(t of t(e ,as( and Relative &olu!e 9ias
coefficient are settled to 4 and t(e wei/(t of t(e Pearson relative coefficient is 2. 6(e ot(er
coefficients are all settled to <ero ?Fi/ure 107@.

(i>ure $7B Iei/(t of eac( indicator to deter!ine t(e ob:ective function
After specifyin/ t(e calibration period in t(e Solver tab of t(e %ydrolo/ic para!eters
opti!i<ation fra!eB t(e calibration confi/uration can be saved and t(en started.
At t(e end of t(e calibration ?appro;i!ately after 1000 to 1400 iterations for t(is e;a!ple@
t(e final para!eters obtained are collected in t(e current !odel. +f t(e !odel is savedB t(e
para!eters are storedE if notB t(e (ydrolo/ical !odel 8eeps preli!inary para!eters

Results o; E:#mple 8
Dnce t(e calculation is finis(ed ?after appro;i!ately 1.200 iterations for t(e confluence
calibration and 400 iteration for t(e outlet calibration@B t(e best values obtained for t(e
para!eters can be visuali<ed in t(e Su!!ary results fra!e. Fro! a !a;i!u! possible value
of t(e Db:ective Function ?DF@ of 3B t(e best score provided by t(e al/orit(! is 4.022 and
4.052 for t(e confluence calibration and t(e outlet calibrationB respectively.
%ereafter ?6able 10 and 6able 14@ t(e results of t(e calibration ?since t(e al/orit(! contains
t(e rando! calculationsB it is possible to obtain a si!ilar but not e;actly t(e sa!e result@.
1#<le $? "alibrated para!eters
+nitial Para!eter 9est Para!eter
"onfluence Dutlet "onfluence Dutlet
>S* ' An 3 ' 1.25 '
>S* - A/l 7 ' 0.35 '
%9& - F" Different values 0.24 0.42 0.34
%9& - S*a; Different values 0.04 0.022 0.040
%9& - Ur Different values 0.24 0.24 0.24

1#<le $8 Perfor!ance indicators
+nitial Perfor!ance Final Perfor!ance
"onfluence Dutlet "onfluence Dutlet
,as( '25.27 0.50 0.52 0.54
,as('ln '2.21 0.72 0.50 0.52
Pearson
"orrelation "oeff
0.45 0.21 0.21 0.22
9ias Score '10.20 0.22 0.22 0.22
RR*S# 4.05 0.00 0.02 0.22
Relative &olu!e
9ias
0.04 0.12 4.37 0.02
,or!ali<ed Pea8
#rror
0.72 '0.14 '0.15 '0.14
DF '124.00 4.40 4.022 4.052

6(e si!ulation fits pretty well t(e outflow observed ?+r#phic results o; the c#li<r#tion% Hydro>r#ph
o; <oth o<served #nd current simul#ted disch#r>eFi/ure 105@. SinceB t(e new para!eters after t(e
calibration can be 8ept by savin/ t(e !odel.


(i>ure $7G >rap(ic results of t(e calibration. %ydro/rap( of bot( observed and current si!ulated
disc(ar/e

9iblio/rap(y

/i<lio>r#phy
9er/strP!B S. ?1273@. De0elopment and application of a conceptual runoff model for
Scandina0ian catc&ments. P(.D. 6(esis. S*%+ Reports R%D ,o. 7B ,orr8Ppin/.
9er/strP!B S. ?1222@. T&e 'B model - its structure and applications. S*%+ Reports R%B ,o.
4B ,orr8Ppin/.
9CrodB D. ?1224@. Contribution C lDestimation des crues rares C lDaide de mEt&odes
dEterministes! /pport de la description gEomorp&ologiFue pour la simulation des processus
dDEcoulement. P(.D. 6(esis nd 1012B #cole Polytec(niAue FCdCrale de $ausanne.
9urnas(B R. J. ". ?1224@. T&e N9S Ri0er 2orecast S(stem - catc&ment modeling. +n) Sin/(B &.
P. ?#d.@. "o!puter *odels of Iaters(ed %ydrolo/yB 011'033.
"laudeBA. ?2011@. E0olution towards an integrated &(drometeorological s(stem for t&e flood
forecasting of Isere Ri0er at MoGtiers: consideration of &(droelectric de0ices. P(.D. 6(esisB
niversitC de >renobleB $6%#B >renoble.
"un/eB J.A. ?1232@. /u su$et dDune mEt&ode de calcul de propagation des crues )MEt&ode
Mus3ingum,. Journal of %ydraulic Researc( 7B 204'200.
"un/eB J.A. ?1221@. Pol(copiE Simulation des Ecoulements non-permanents dans les ri0iHres et
canau". +nstitut ,ational Polytec(niAue de >renobleB #cole ,ationale SupCrieure
d.%ydrauliAue et de *CcaniAue de >renoble.
DuboisB J. and 9oillatB J.'$. ?2000@. Routing S(stem - ModElisation du routage des crues dans
des s(stHmes &(drauliFues C surface libre. "o!!unication 2 du $aboratoire de "onstructions
%ydrauliAuesB #d. A. Sc(leissB $ausanne.
>arcFa %ernGnde<B J.B JordanB F.B DuboisB J. and 9oillatB J.'$. ?2007@. Routing S(stem II! 2low
modelling in &(draulic s(stems. "o!!unication 02 du $aboratoire de "onstructions
%ydrauliAuesB #d. A. Sc(leissB $ausanne.
>arcFa %ernGnde<B J. ?2011@. 2lood management in a comple" ri0er basin wit& a real-time
decision support s(stem based on &(drological forecasts. P(D 6(esis ,d4020B #cole
Polytec(niAue FCdCrale de $ausanneB #PF$B Swit<erland.
>arcFa %ernGnde<B J.B Paredes ArAuiolaB J.B Foe(nB A.B "laudeB A.B RoAuierB 9. and 9oillatB J.'$.
?2014@. RS MINERE : Tec&nical manual 0 ;!I. RS *+,#R&# >roupB Swit<erland.
%a!diB \.B %in/rayB 9. and *usyB A. ?2000@. Pro$et MINERE% rapport intermEdiaire NJ; 0olet
B : ModElisation &(drologiFue. 6ec(nical reportB #PF$.
%a!diB \.B %in/rayB 9. and *usyB A. ?2004@. Pro$et MINERE% rapport intermEdiaire NJ+ 0olet
B : ModElisation &(drologiFue. 6ec(nical reportB #PF$.
9iblio/rap(y

JordanB F. ?2007@. ModHle de prE0ision et de gestion des crues - optimisation des opErations
des amEnagements &(droElectriFues C accumulation pour la rEduction des dEbits de crue.
6(esis Report ,d0711B #cole Polytec(niAue FCdCrale de $ausanneB #PF$B Swit<erland.
*c>uinnessB J.$. and 9ordneB #.F. ?1272@. / comparison of l(simeter-deri0ed potential
e0apotranspiration wit& computed 0alues. 6ec(nical 9ulletin 1442B A/ricultural Researc(
ServiceB .S. Depart!ent of A/ricultureB Ias(in/ton D.".B 71 pp.
DudinB $. ?2004@. Rec&erc&e dKun modHle dKE0apotranspiration potentielle pertinent comme
entrEe dKun modHle pluie-dEbit global. 6(HseB #cole ,ationale du >Cnie RuralB des #au; et
des ForRtsB Paris.
PerrinB ".B *ic(elB ". and AndrCassianB &. ?2000@. Impro0ement of a parsimonious model for
streamflow simulation. Journal of %ydrolo/y 272B 274'252.
Sc(NfliB 9.B %in/rayB 9.B ,i//liB *. and *usyB A. ?2004@. / conceptual glacio-&(drological
model for &ig& mountainous catc&ments. %ydrolo/y and #art( Syste! Sciences Discussions
2B 70'117.
6urcB $. ?1244@. Le bilan de lKeau des sols! Relations entre les precipitations% lKe0aporation et
lKecoulement. Ann. A/ro. 3B 4'142B +,RA.
6urcB $. ?1231@. E0aluation des besoins en eau dDirrigation% formule climatiFue simplifiEe et
mise C $our. Ann. A/ro. 12) 10'42B +,RA.

Appendi; 1

A1.1
Appendi: $' List o; p#r#meters #nd initi#l conditions

1#<le A$%$ $ist of para!eters and initial conditions for !eteorolo/ical stations and reac(es
)<Fect N#me "nits ,escription Re>ul#r R#n>e
St#tion
MB \B K ' "oordinates of t(e virtual weat(er station '
Searc(
radius
! Searc( radius of weat(er stations J0
>radient P !1s1! Precipitation /radient '
a

>radient 6 d"1! 6e!perature /radient '0.007 to '0.004
>radient
#6P
!1s1! Potential evapotranspiration /radient '
a

"oeff. PB

*ultiplyin/ correction coefficient 0.4 to 2
"oeff.6B

Addin/ correction coefficient '2 to 2
"oeff. #6P ' *ultiplyin/ correction coefficient 0.4 to 2
Re#ch
$ ! $en/t( J0
90 ! Iidt( of t(e c(annel base J0
! ' Side ban8 relation coeff. ?1%1!&@ 0.1 to 1
J0 ' Slope J0
U !
110
1s Stric8ler coefficient 10 to 20
nSec '
,u!ber of sections ?St. &enant
only@
J0
=+ni !
0
1s +nitial disc(ar/e '

a
6(e precipitation and potential evapotranspiration /radients are function of t(e local conditions.
6(eir re/ular ran/es (ave to be esti!ated for eac( studied case.

Appendi; 1

A1.2

1#<le A$%& $ist of para!eters and initial conditions for basic (ydrolo/ical ob:ects
Sno9!
+SM
An !!1d"1day De/ree'day snow!elt coefficient 0.4 to 20
6(eta"ri ' "ritical relative water content of t(e snow pac8 0.1
bp s1! *elt coeff. due to liAuid precipitation 0.0124
6
cp1
d" *ini!u! critical te!perature for liAuid precipitation 0
6
cp2
d" *a;i!u! critical te!perature for solid precipitation 3
6
cf
d" "ritical snow!elt te!perature 0
%+ni ! +nitial snow (ei/(t '
6(eta+ni ' +nitial relative water content in t(e snow pac8 '
+l#cier!
+SM
A !
2
Surface of /lacier

J0
A/l !!1d"1day De/ree'day ice!elt coefficient

0.4 to 20
U/l 11d Release coeff. of ice!elt reservoir 0.1 to 4
Usn 11d Release coeff. of snow!elt reservoir 0.1 to 4
6
c/
d" "ritical /lacier !elt te!perature 0
=Snow+ni !
0
1s +nitial outflow of linear snow reservoir '
=>lacier+ni !
0
1s +nitial outflow of linear /lacier reservoir '
+R?
A !
2
Surface of infiltration

J0
%*a; ! *a;i!u! (ei/(t of infiltration reservoir 0 to 2
U 11s Release coeff. of infiltration reservoir 0.00024 to 0.1
%+ni ! +nitial level in infiltration reservoir '
SEMM
A !
2
Surface of runoff

J0
$ ! $en/t( of t(e plane

J0
J0 ' Runoff slope

J0
U !
110
1s Stric8ler coefficient 0.1 to 20
%+ni ! +nitial water level downstrea! of t(e surface '

Appendi; 1

A1.0

1#<le A$%? $ist of para!eters and initial conditions for >S* and SD"D,6 ob:ects
+SM
A !
2

J0
bp s1! *elt coeff. due to liAuid precipitation

0.0124
A/l !!1d"1day De/ree'day ice!elt coefficient 0.4 to 20
U/l 11d Release coeff. of ice!elt reservoir 0.1 to 4
Usn 11d Release coeff. of snow!elt reservoir 0.1 to 4
6
cp1
d" *ini!u! critical te!perature for liAuid precipitation 0
6
cp2
d" *a;i!u! critical te!perature for solid precipitation 3
6
cf
d" "ritical snow!elt te!perature 0
6
c/
d" "ritical /lacier !elt te!perature 0
%snow+ni ! +nitial snow (ei/(t

'
=snow+ni !
0
1s +nitial outflow of linear snow reservoir

'
=/lacier+ni !
0
1s +nitial outflow of linear /lacier reservoir

'
S)C)N1
A !
2

J0
bp s1! *elt coeff. due to liAuid precipitation

0.0124
%>R0*a; ! *a;i!u! (ei/(t of infiltration reservoir

0 to 2
U>R0 11s Release coeff. of infiltration reservoir 0.00024 to 0.1
$ ! Iidt( of t(e plane

J0
J0 ' Runoff slope

J0
Ur !
110
1s Stric8ler coefficient 0.1 to 20
%snow+ni ! +nitial snow (ei/(t

'
%>R0+ni ! +nitial level in infiltration reservoir

'
%r+ni ! +nitial runoff water level downstrea! of t(e surface '

Appendi; 1

A1.4

1#<le A$%8 $ist of para!eters and initial conditions for %9& and >R4J ob:ects
H/
A !
2
Surface of t(e basin

J0
"F*a; !!1d"1day *eltin/ factor 0.4 to 20
"FR ' Refree<in/ factor 0.04
"I% ' "ritical relative water content of t(e snow pac8 0.1
66 d" 6(res(old te!perature of rain1snow 0 to 0
66+nt d" 6e!perature interval for rain1snow !i;in/ 0 to 0
66S* d" 6(res(old te!perature for snow !elt 0
9eta ' *odel para!eter ?s(ape coeff.@ 1 to 4
F" ! *a;i!u! soil stora/e capacity 0.04 to 0.34
PIP ! Soil per!anent wiltin/ point 0.00 to 0.34
S*a; ! pper reservoir water level t(res(old

0 to 0.10
Ur 11d ,ear surface flow stora/e coeff. 0.04 to 0.4
Uu 11d +nterflow stora/e coeff. 0.01 to 0.4
Ul 11d 9aseflow stora/e coeff. 0 to 0.14
Uperc 11d Percolation stora/e coeff. 0 to 2
%snow+ni ! +nitial snow (ei/(t '
I%+ni ' +nitial relative water content in t(e snow pac8 '
%+ni ! +nitial (u!idity

'
S+ni ! +nitial upper reservoir water level

'
S$+ni ! +nitial lower reservoir water level '
+R8*
A !
2

J0
M1 ! "apacity of production store 0.1 to 1.2
M2 ! Iater e;c(an/e coefficient

'0.004 to 0.000
M0 ! "apacity of routin/ store 0.02 to 0.0
M4 d % ti!e base 1.1 to 2.2
S+ni ! +nitial water content in t(e production reservoir '
R+ni ! +nitial water level in t(e routin/ reservoir '

Appendi; 1

A1.4

1#<le A$%@ $ist of para!eters and initial conditions for t(e SA"'S*A ob:ect
SAC!
SMA
A !
2

J0
Adi!p '
*a;i!u! fraction of an additional i!pervious
area due to saturation
0 to 0.2
Pcti! ' Per!anent i!pervious area fraction 0 to 0.04
Riva ' Riparian ve/etarian area fraction 0 to 0.2
<tw*a; ! 6(e upper <one tension water capacity 0.01 to 0.14
<fw*a; ! 6(e upper <one free water capacity 0.004 to 0.10
<8 11d
+nterflow depletion rate fro! t(e upper <one
free water stora/e
0.10 to 0.74
Kperc ' Ratio of !a;i!u! and !ini!u! percolation rates 10 to 040
Re;p ' S(ape para!eter of t(e percolation curve 1 to 4
Pfree '
Percolation fraction t(at /oes directly to t(e
lower <one free water stora/es
0 to0.3
$<tw*a; ! 6(e lower <one tension water capacity

0.04 to 0.40
$<fp*a; ! 6(e lower <one pri!ary free water capacity 0.00 to 0.50
$<fs*a; ! 6(e lower <one supple!ental free water capacity 0.01 to 0.40
Rserv '
Fraction of lower <one free water not
transferable to lower <one
0 to 1
$<p8 11d
Depletion rate of t(e lower <one pri!ary free
water stora/e
0.001 to 0.00
$<s8 11d
Depletion rate of t(e lower <one supple!ental
free water stora/e
0.02 to 0.0
Side '
Ratio of deep percolation fro! lower <one free
water stora/es
0 to 0.4
Adi!+ni ! +nitial tension water content of t(e AD+*P area '
<tw+ni ! +nitial upper <one tension water content '
<fw+ni ! +nitial upper <one free water content

'
$<tw+ni ! +nitial lower <one tension water content

'
$<fp+ni ! +nitial lower <one free supple!ental content
$<fs+ni ! +nitial lower <one free pri!ary content '

Appendi; 1

A1.3

1#<le A$%A $ist of para!eters and initial conditions for structures ob:ects
Reservoir
%'&
?paired data@
' $evel ' &olu!e relation '
%ini !asl +nitial level in t(e reservoir '
H0
%'=
?paired data@
' $evel ' Spill flow relation '
Hydropo9er
='e
?paired data@
!
0
1s ' f Disc(ar/e'Perfor!ance relation
K
central
!asl %ydropower plant altitude
$ ! $en/t( of t(e pipe
D ! Dia!eter of t(e pipe
U ! Dia!eter of t(e pipe
g !
2
1s Uine!atic viscosity
Default
Price
euro1Uw(
Default priceB only used if no
data e;ists in t(e database

,iversion
=
up
'=
diverted
?paired data@
' +nflow ' Diverted flow relation '
Consumer
Default
=De!and
!
0
1s
Default de!and of consu!!ationB only
used if no data e;ists in t(e database
'
Structure
e;;iciency
#fficiency ' #fficiency coefficient of t(e structure

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