VOL. CLXIII . . No.

56,596 + 2014 The New York Times NEWYORK, SUNDAY, AUGUST 17, 2014
By SHERI FINK
When people started dying of
Ebola in Liberia, Clarine Vaughn
faced a wrenching choice: Should
she send home, for their own
health and safety, four American
doctors working for Heartt, the
aid group she led there? Or
should she keep them in the
country without proper supplies
or training to fight the virulent,
contagious disease, which was al-
ready spreading panic?
After much agonizing, Ms.
Vaughn, who lives in Liberia,
pulled the doctors out and can-
celed plans to bring in more. The
African physicians and nurses
left behind told her they under-
stood, but felt abandoned. They
said, We need you guys here,
she recalled.
Since then, Ms. Vaughn has
wondered if the American doc-
tors might have made a differ-
ence, and she asked the aid group
AmeriCares to help. It sent in a
planeload of supplies that landed
in Monrovia, the Liberian capital,
last Sunday.
The departure of many West-
ern development workers from
Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Le-
one, the West African countries
hit hardest by Ebola, has further
weakened the regions under-
staffed health systems at the
very moment they are facing one
of the most volatile public health
crises ever. Liberia, population
four million, has fewer than 250
doctors left in the entire country,
according to the Liberia Medical
and Dental Council. Seven doc-
tors there have contracted Ebola,
and two of them have died.
The locals seeing this mass
exodus of expatriates has con-
tributed to the sense that theres
an apocalypse happening and
theyre in it on their own, said
Raphael Frankfurter, executive
director of the Wellbody Alliance,
which provides clinical services
in a diamond-mining district of
Sierra Leone bordering Guinea,
where the outbreak began.
Mr. Frankfurter, too, sent his
four American volunteers home
for fear they might fall ill. They
left behind 160 Liberian staff
members. Its certainly not in
line with our values, because its
just such a glaring inequality, he
said. But its a very scary place
to get sick right now.
As an array of international or-
ganizations, wealthy countries
and charitable groups gear up to
provide desperately needed re-
sources to fight the outbreak, the
absent doctors and volunteers
are a reminder of the daunting
practical obstacles. Many African
health workers battling Ebola are
contracting it themselves. At
least 170 workers have gotten the
disease, according to the World
Health Organization, and more
than 80 have died.
Those sickened include Dr.
Kent Brantly, an American now
As Many Doctors Retreat,
Ebola Fight Grows Harder
Agonizing Choice to Pull Out Aid Workers
Complicates Situation in Africa
JOHN MOORE/GETTY IMAGES
A Liberian health worker disinfected the corpse of an Ebola vic-
tim Friday in a Monrovia classroom used as an isolation ward.
Continued on Page 12
By KEVIN SACK
RAMAT GAN, Israel Aside
from the six-figure price tag,
what was striking was just how
easy it was for Ophira Dorin to
buy a kidney.
Two years ago, as she faced the
dispiriting prospect of spending
years on dialysis, Ms. Dorin set
out to find an organ broker who
could help her bypass Israels
lengthy transplant wait list. Only
36, she had a promising job at a
software company and dreams of
building a family. To a woman
who raced cars for kicks, it
seemed unthinkable that her best
days might be tethered to a soul-
sapping machine.
For five years, Ms. Dorin had
managed her kidney disease by
controlling her diet, but it had
gradually overrun her resistance.
Unable to find a matching donor
among family and friends, she
faced a daily battle against nau-
sea, exhaustion and depression.
A broker who trades in human
organs might seem a difficult
thing to find. But Ms. Dorins
mother began making inquiries
around the hospital where she
worked, and in short order the
family came up with three
names: Avigad Sandler, a former
insurance agent long suspected
of trafficking; Boris Volfman, a
young Ukrainian migr and
Sandler protg; and Yaacov Da-
yan, a wily businessman with in-
terests in real estate and market-
ing.
The men were, The New York
Times learned during an investi-
gation of the global organ trade,
among the central operators in
Israels irrepressible under-
ground kidney market. For years,
they have pocketed enormous
sums for arranging overseas
transplants for patients who are
paired with foreign donors, court
filings and government docu-
ments show.
The brokers maintain they op-
erate legally and do not directly
help clients buy organs. Dodging
international condemnation and
tightening enforcement, they
have nimbly shifted operations
across the globe when any one
destination closes its doors.
The supply of transplantable
organs is estimated by the World
Health Organization to meet no
more than a tenth of the need. Al-
though there is no reliable data,
experts say thousands of patients
most likely receive illicit trans-
plants abroad each year. Almost
always, the sellers are poor and
ill-informed about the medical
risks.
The vast marketplace includes
the United States, where federal
prosecutors in New Jersey won
the first conviction for illegal bro-
kering in 2011.
RINA CASTELNUOVO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Ophira Dorin traveled from Israel to Costa Rica for a transplant. The donor was paid $18,500.
Kidneys for Sale
Brokers in Israel Connected Patients With Poor Donors Abroad
Continued on Page 16
By TANZINA VEGA
and JOHN ELIGON
FERGUSON, Mo. Garland
Moore, a hospital worker, lived in
this St. Louis suburb for much of
his 33 years, a period in which a
largely white community has be-
come a largely black one.
He attended its schools and is
raising his family in this place of
suburban homes and apartment
buildings on the outskirts of a
struggling Midwest city. And
over time, he has felt his life to be
circumscribed by Fergusons
demographics.
Mr. Moore, who is black, talks
of how he has felt the wrath of the
police here and in surrounding
suburbs for years roughed up
during a minor traffic stop and
prevented from entering a park
when he was wearing St. Louis
Cardinals red.
And last week, as he stood at a
vigil for an unarmed 18-year-old
shot dead by the police a
shooting that provoked renewed
street violence and looting early
Saturday Mr. Moore heard an-
ger welling and listened to a
shout of: Were tired of the rac-
ist police department.
It broke the camels back,
Mr. Moore said of the killing of
the teenager, Michael Brown. Re-
ferring to the northern part of St.
Continued on Page 22
Deep Tensions
Rise to Surface
After Shooting
Alissa J. Rubin, a veteran
Times foreign correspondent, was
injured on Tuesday in a helicopter
crash in Kurdistan and dictated
the following article from her hos-
pital bed in Istanbul, where she
was evacuated from Iraq. She suf-
fered broken bones and a frac-
tured skull but was in stable con-
dition, and was scheduled to be
taken by air to the United States
on Sunday.
ISTANBUL If it werent for
Tuesdays helicopter crash on
Mount Sinjar, what would I have
written about the plight of the
Yazidis?
I would have started, I guess,
with this mountain that every-
body is talking about, to which
the Yazidis have fled. Its hard to
overstate the size of this moun-
tain, which is such a sacred place
to the Yazidis, and the place they
went to escape the terror that the
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria
has been inflicting on them. Its
really more of a range than an in-
dividual mountain 60 miles
long, 5,000 feet high and it is no
wonder the relief operation,
which riveted much of the world,
posed such challenges.
Then I would have written
about our pilot, Maj. Gen. Majid
Ahmed Saadi, a veteran Iraqi
Arab officer helping the Kurds
rescue the Yazidis. Adam Fergu-
son, our photographer, and I
were waiting all day at the Kurd-
ish military base in Fishkhabour,
Iraq, for a helicopter to take us to
Mount Sinjar. General Majid
came in from his first run up the
mountain with a full load of Yazi-
di refugees, and a British televi-
sion journalist said to him, Why
are you taking such risks over-
loading your helicopter like
REPORTERS NOTEBOOK
On a Helicopter, Going Down,
And Living to Write the Story
Continued on Page 14
By BROOKS BARNES
LOS ANGELES Maybe it
was the three publicists in tow.
Maybe her hairdo was wilting un-
der the hot television lights. May-
be a dog, even a showbiz one, was
just not meant to be a meteorolo-
gist.
Whatever the reason, Lassie
seemed unfocused as the cam-
eras rolled last month at KTTV,
the Fox affiliate here. Booked to
help give the weather report, she
woofed off cue and let loose a tor-
rent of drool. Im not sure, a
Fox anchor said as the segment
ended, but I think Lassie is an-
noyed.
No matter. The publicists coo-
ed their approval, deciding that
the appearance had done its job:
Lassie had inched a bit closer to a
comeback. Good work, gor-
geous, said one of the public re-
lations people, Ame Van Iden,
giving her client a pat on the
snout.
How does Hollywood teach an
old dog new tricks? Pay atten-
tion, Toto, because DreamWorks
Animation, which gained control
of the faded Lassie brand in 2012,
has unleashed the comeback
campaign to end all comeback
campaigns. Initially flummoxed
about what to do with a treasured
but outdated symbol of Ameri-
cana, the studio is now convinced
that a simple collie can still res-
onate in a Grumpy Cat world.
Studios typically revive old
characters with new movies. But
DreamWorks Animation dis-
missed that idea, aware that Las-
sies rural escapades would have
little relevance for viewers now
keen on explosions, aliens and
superheroes. Instead, the studio
decided that the best hope for
making money from Lassie was
to make her a merchandising
star, and it turned to a suitably
old-fashioned tactic to prepare an
Lassie as Salesdog: One More Trip to the Well
KTTV
Lassie appeared with Maria Quiban on KTTV in Los Angeles. Continued on Page 21
The United States is likely to ease an
embargo on lethal weapons sales to
Vietnam, which Washington hopes will
help offset Chinas power. PAGE 4
INTERNATIONAL 4-18
U.S. Is Courting Vietnam
Gov. Rick Perry of Texas, in his first ap-
pearance since a grand jury indicted
him, called the charges that he abused
the power of his office a farce. PAGE 20
NATIONAL 20-25
Indicted Perry Vows to Fight
Cobbling together a days work in the
sharing economy of services like Uber
and TaskRabbit offers freedombut no
guarantee of a living wage. PAGE 1
SUNDAY BUSINESS
Find a Job. Do It. Repeat.
Michele A. Roberts, a lawyer in Wash-
ington, will become the first woman to
lead a major North American profes-
sional players union. PAGE 1
SPORTSSUNDAY
N.B.A. Unions Trailblazer
U(D5E71D)x+%!@!/!#![
Frank Bruni PAGE 1
SUNDAY REVIEW
By JULIE BOSMAN
and ALAN BLINDER
FERGUSON, Mo. Gov. Jay
Nixon of Missouri on Saturday
imposed a midnight to 5 a.m. cur-
few in this small city, declaring a
state of emergency as violence
flared anew after a week of street
protests over the killing of an un-
armed black teenager by a white
police officer.
This is not to silence the peo-
ple of Ferguson, but to address
those who are drowning out the
voice of the people with their ac-
tions, Mr. Nixon, a Democrat,
told reporters and residents at a
Ferguson church. We will not al-
low a handful of looters to endan-
ger the rest of this community. If
were going to achieve justice, we
must first have and maintain
peace.
Mr. Nixon added: This is a
test. The eyes of the world are
watching.
As the curfew took effect,
heavy rains began to fall and the
streets, which had been filled
with people less than an hour be-
fore, were largely deserted.
Capt. Ronald S. Johnson, the
state Highway Patrol command-
er whose officers have overseen
public security in Ferguson since
Thursday, did not say how long
the curfew would be in force or
whether violators would be ar-
rested.
The announcement prompted
cries of protest and anguish from
some members of the public who
attended the news conference,
MISSOURI ORDERS
NIGHTLY CURFEW
TO QUELL LOOTING
EMERGENCY IS DECLARED
Governor Says Streets
Need to Be Cleared
After Violence
Continued on Page 23
Today, partly sunny, scattered
showers, high 83. Tonight, mostly
clear, low 65. Tomorrow, mostly
sunny, a dry day, high 82. Weather
map is on SportsSunday, Page 12.
$6 beyond the greater New York metropolitan area. $5.00
Late Edition
C MY K Nxxx,2014-08-17,A,001,Bs-BK,E3_+