In constructions, flanged sections may occur in the forms of monolithic beam-slab and T or L beams as

shown in Figure 2.6 below. The composite action between flange and web resulting in the whole section
bend as one piece.
The design of the flanged section is divided into two groups, depending on the depth of the compression or
stress bloc as shown below.
The depth of the compression !one reflects the concrete resistance to the e"ternal design moment, M
#d
. Thus
the depth of the stress bloc s, is determined by checing the resistance of the fully compressed flange, M
f
.
2.4.1 Design of Flange section - stress block within the flange
19
bf
bw bw
hf hf
d d
Figure 2.6 Flanged sections.
$a% &onolithic beam-slab $b% T-beam $c% L-beam
h
slab
beam
bf
N.A
N.A
MEd
MEd
$i% 'ompression()tress bloc within flange $ii% 'ompression()tress bloc in the web
Fcc
Fcc
Fst Fst
x
x
s
s
2.4 FLANGD !"#$%N
Figure 2.* shows a flanged section with the stress bloc within flange and stress-strains distributions.
"ond
n
M
f
& M
d

( )
f f f ck f
h 5 , 0 d h b f 567 , 0 M
$2.+,%
The section is designed as a ectang!la section of b 'b
f
" d.
(ef. "alculations %ut)ut
*a+)le 2.4.1 (1 )
-erify that the neutral a"is of T-beam shown in the figure
below is within the flange if it is sub.ected to an e"ternal
moment of +2/ 0m.
1etermine the reinforcement area if the characteristic
cylinder strength fck 2 23 0(mm
2
and f"k 2 3// 0(mm
2
.

4mm5

20
Figure 2., Flanged section with stress block within flange s # 0.$x % hf.
x s # hf
As
bw
hf
bf
Fst
Fcc
0,567fck c!
"k
& # d ' hf () d
M#d
b
f
# *00
h
f
# +00
d

# ,50
b
w
# )00
The flange width b
f
in the design e6uations is the effective flange width, b
eff
. #'2 clause 3.,.2.+ specifies
b
eff
as follow7
21
(ef. "alculations %ut)ut
-l. ..).+.+/+0

-l. ..).+.+/,0
!olution
The moment of esistance of the flange

( )
f f f ck f
h 5 , 0 d h b f 567 , 0 M

0 +00 x 5 , 0 ,50 / +00 x *00 x )5 x 567 , 0

0mm +/ " + , +8/
6

Mf 1 MEd stess block within the flange.

2esign as a ectang!la beam of bf " d3
)
f ck
Ed
d b f
M
k
2
)
6
,50 x *00 x )5
+0 x +)0
k


4
k 0.$ , 0 <
-om5ession einfocement is not e6!ied.

1
1
]
1

+
+,9 , +

23 , / 3 , / d !
2
1
1
]
1

+
+,* , +
0.$ , 0
)5 , 0 5 , 0 ,50

mm ,+5 d . , 0
& f $7 , 0
M
A
"k
Ed
s

2
)
6
s
mm $76
,+5 x 500 x $7 , 0
+0 x +)0
A
)
t
"k
ctm
min
s
mm 6 . .* ,50 x )00
500
6 , )
)6 , 0 d b
f
f
)6 , 0 A
0,00+,btd # .+ mm
)
)
c
x a m
s
mm )$00 ,50 x )00 x 0* , 0 A 0* , 0 A > >
7o8ide ,9)0 As # .*) mm
)

mm ,+5 &
*00
+00
,50
)00
,:2/ *92 mm
2
i% b
eff
2 b
eff ,i
: b
w
b for monolithic cast beam-slab.
where
b
eff ,i
2 0,)b
i
; 0,+l
o
the minim!m of 0,)l
o
and b
i
l
o
is the distance between 5oints of &eo moments.
*)ee figures (2.8) and (2.<) below for notation. For simply supported beam, l
o
2 ;
eff
.
ii% True width b
f
for T or L beam.
(ef.
"alculations %ut)ut
*a+)le 2.4 (2 ) - Flanged .ea+
= part of floor plan of a general retail shop building is shown in the figure below. The beams and slabs are
monolithically cast in-situ. 1etermine the effective flange width beff for the beams >'( , and 9. If MEd 2 +3/
0m, design the main reinforcement. fc 2 ,0 N(mm
)
f"k # 500 N(mm
)
.
22
2
3
/

"

3
/
/
,
/
/

"

6
3
/
2
3
/

"

3
/
/
2
3
/

"

3
/
/
,
/
/

"

6
3
/
,3/ " 63/ ,3/ " 63/
23/ " 3// 23/ " 3//


2.23 m 2.23 m 2.23 m 2.23 m 2.23 m
B
A
C
6
.
/

m





















2
.
/

m

*a+)le 2 (etail sho)
floor )lan.
,3/ " 63/
2
3
/

"

3
/
/
?.' )lab 2 +// mm thic
#ff. 1epth d 2 93/ mm
;eff 2 3<23 mm
l
+
l
)
l
,
l
0
# 0,$l
+
# 0,+5(l
+
: l
)
) 2 0,7l
)
l
o
# 0,+5l
)
: l
,
Figure 2./ Definition of l
0
1 for calculation of effecti2e flange width.
b
+
b
+
b
2
b
2
b
+
b
+
b
eff +
b
eff 2
b
w
b
eff
b
w
b
Figure 2.3 ffecti2e flange width )ara+eters
2.4.2 Flange section with stress block in the web - !ingl4 reinforced
23
(ef. "alculations %ut)ut
5.,.).+
-l. ..).+.+/+0
-l. ..).+.+/,0
!olution
a) Effective flnge width beff
beff + # beff )# 0,)bi ; 0,+lo the minim!m of 0,)lo and bi
0,)bi ; 0,+lo # 0,)/+0000 ; 0,+/5$)50 # 7$),5 mm
0,)lo # 0,)/5$)50 # ++65 mm
b+# b) # +000 mm
beff + # beff ) # 7$),5 mm
bf # beff # beff i : bw# 7$),5 : 7$),5 : )50 # +$+5 mm
b) Main reinforcement- MEd = 150 kNm
The moment of esistance of the flange

( )
f f f ck f
h 5 , 0 d h b f 567 , 0 M

0 +00 x 5 , 0 *50 / +00 x +$+5 x ,0 x 567 , 0

0mm +/ " +2,3
6

Mf 1 MEd <tess block within the flange.

2esign as a ectang!la beam of b # bf " d3
)
f ck
Ed
d b f
M
k
2
)
6
*50 x +$+5 x ,0
+0 x +50


4
k 0+* , 0 <
-om5ession einfocement is not e6!ied.

1
1
]
1

+
+,* , +
k
)5 , 0 5 , 0 d &
2
1
1
]
1

+
+,* , +
0+* , 0
)5 , 0 5 , 0 d
$
0,.5d%

mm 5 , *)7 d .5 , 0 & d .. , 0
& f $7 , 0
M
A
"k
Ed
s

2
)
6
s
mm $07
5 , *)7 x 500 x $7 , 0
+0 x +50
A
)
t
"k
ctm
min s
mm 65 . +6. *50 x )50
500
. , )
)6 , 0 d b
f
f
)6 , 0 A
0,00+,btd # +*6,, mm
)
( )
)
c
x a m
s
mm 7*00 +00 x +$50 x 0* , 0 A 0* , 0 A >
7o8ide ,9)0 As # .*) mm
)
bf # +$+5 mm
mm 5 , *)7 &
+$+5
+00
*50
)50
,:2/ *92
mm
2
@hen the e"ternal bending moment, M
Ed
is greater than the flange resistance, M
f
, the compression will
move into the web, figure 2.+/.
"ond
n
M
f
= M
Ed
= M
f bal

)
f ck f
l a b
f
d b f > M

f
w
f f
f
w
f
b
b
+67 , 0
d
h
d )
h
+
b
b
+ 567 , 0 > +

,
_

,
_

( )
( )
f "k
f w ck
s
h 5 , 0 d f $7 , 0
h 0,,6d d b f + , 0 M
A

2.4.5 Flange section with stress block in the web - Doubl4 reinforced
@hen M is greater than M
bal
, the section re6uires compression reinforcement. Figure 2.++ shows a doubly
reinforced flanged section with the neutral a"is in the web (x # 0,*5d) and stress-strains distributions.

)
f ck f
l a b
f
d b f > M

f
w
f f
f
w
f
b
b
+67 , 0
d
h
d )
h
+
b
b
+ 567 , 0 > +

,
_

,
_

( )
( ) 4 d d f $7 , 0
M M
4 A
"k
l a b
s

dA should be taen as d?(xbal % 0,,$

( )
s
"k
f w f ck w ck
s
4 A
f $7 , 0
h b b f 567 , 0 d b f )0* , 0
A +
+

24
s
x
b
w
h
f
b
f
F
st
F
cc f
0,567f
ck

c!

"k
&
w
Figure 2.10 !ingl4 reinforced flanged section with stress block in the web.
d
M
F
cc w
&
f
A
s
As
s
x
bw
hf
bf
Fst
Fcc f
0,567fck
c!
"k
&w
Figure 2.11 Doubl4 reinforced flanged section with stress block in the web.
d
M
Fcc w
&f
Fsc
&sc
A?s