International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE)
Volume 2, Issue 2
9
Abstract Today the modern world is become faster & faster and other daily requirements goods are become more luxurious. So we are making a system which will be going to change the lifestyle of Indian farmer and milk collection system. Agriculture is backbone of our country and dairy farming is joint business of Indian farmer. Dairies collect milk from farmer everyday & payments for this milk are done according to the rates per litre. This rate depends on various factor like weight, FAT, CLR & SNF of the milk. We have develop a system that will measure these parameters and calculate the payment automatically. The system consists of two units, one unit is placed at milk collection centre (MCC) that consists sensor , microcontroller, LCD, card connector & keypad as main elements. This unit collects data & store it in a smart card give to the farmer. The other unit is at cash counter(CC) also consists of microcontroller which reads the data from smart card & send it to PC where calculation of bill is made for making payment to the farmer this data is also viewed on PC and print of receipt is also provided to the farmer.
Index Terms SNF, FAT, CLR, MCC, CC etc I. INTRODUCTION The Dairy industry in India is generally co-operative .The primary milk provided to the dairy are farmers who do not process their milk and give it in the raw form to the co-operative dairy. Since more number of farmers are depositing their milk in the dairy, it is a daily task of the dairy to assess the quality of milk from each farmer, verify it & meets the quality norms specified and make payments based on quality and quantity of milk. Though several tests are available for quality assessment of milk like the content of protein, water, detergent, lactose, etc. Most dairies use only the fat content test and CLR (Corrected Lactometer Reading) to judge milk quality.
1 Prof.S.V. Arote Department of Electronics Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni, (e-mail: seemaarote@gamil.com). Loni, India, Mobile: +919765910681 2 Prof. S.B. Lavhate, Department of Electronics and telecommunication Engineering,, PD.V.V.P. Polytechnic.-Loni, India, Mobile: +919922444982 3 Prof.V.S. .Phatangare e, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni 4 Sachin S. Taware, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni, (e-mail: Sachin.2551988@gamil.com). Loni, India, Mobile: +919096349923 5 Prof. Kadu Rahul N. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni. 6 Sachin D. Anap, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni, mobile: +91976395648 Standard ranges of fat content and CLR of milk are specified by the government and it is necessary for the milk to satisfy this quality norms. In measuring fat content we have used the principle of optical scattering of light by fat globules present in the homogenized milk thus diverting totally from the usual method of separating the fat by burning it with acid, centrifuging it and measuring on a calibrated scale. In measuring the specific gravity of the milk or the CLR the basic principle of traditional method i.e. using a lactometer is preserved, but the observation of lactometer reading is made using electronics. Use of smart card is an additional feature of this project & each farmer is provided with a unique ID number .The daily transactions for each farmer are to be stored on the internal memory as well as on a smart card of the farmer. A smart card reader is installed in the bank preferably in the vicinity of the dairy. There he can withdraw his payment from the bank any time by producing his smart card in the bank. This smart card provision coupled with the portability of the Milk collection system makes it possible to collect milk from those farmers who cannot take their milk to the dairy due to economical, physical, geographical constraints. The milk van equipped with the milk collection system and a weighing scale can collect milk from such farmers. II. MOTIVATION FOR PROJECT As dairy industry is a joint business of farmer, so farmers took more interest in it & because of this in India more number of Cooperative dairies are formed. Time required for processing this milk is more as after procuring the milk from farmers at village cooperative societies it is then tested for the quality by measuring the FAT content, density of milk & quantity of milk. As this process is time consuming hence farmers has to stay in a line for an hour or more. Secondly, some milk collection centers do not have the costly milk analyzing equipments so the sample of milk for testing was stored in plastic bottles & tested only after milk collection process was over, this means that a sample was examine after a one or two hours. This led to unhygienic conditions & fear of contamination at the center. Since all the measurement is done manually & the values are also noted manually in farmers membership card hence chances of errors in manual calculation of quality & quantity by cooperative staff. Hence a request from the cooperative staff to reduce above manual work & to speed up the operation of milk collection, motivate me to develop the Automatic milk analyzing and billing system with an smart card. Low Cost Milk Analyzing and Billing System Using Electronic Card 1 Prof.S.V. Arote, 2 Prof. S.B. Lavhate , 3 Prof.V.S. .Phatangare, 4 Prof. Taware Sachin S., 5 Prof. Kadu Rahul N., 6 Prof. Anap Sachin D.
ISSN 2249-6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE) Volume 2, Issue 2 10 III. PRESENT METHODS OF MILK ANALYZING As payment for the milk of farmers are based on the quality of the milk which they delivered to the dairy & the quality is decided on Fat, CLR, SNF & Weight of milk. Hence their are various methods existing to measure Fat, CLR & Weight which are described below. A. FAT measurement Gerber method To measure the fat contents present in the milk chemical reaction technique is used. These systems mainly use acids for determining the fat. The 10ml of H 2 SO 4, 10.75ml milk & 1ml Isoamyl alcohol is added together & fill it in a Butyrometer. Then the Butyrometer tube containing this mixture is placed in the centrifuge instrument, then after centrifuging it about 5min we will get the fat contents in the milk. This method is known as Gerber method. [13] At a time approximately ten milk samples can be tested in this method. Also proper concentration of acid should be maintained to get desire results. By using this system we can measure only fat contents in the milk. This manual method of FAT testing is as shown in Figure1 below.
Fig.1 Manual method of FAT testing The centrifuge is device that basically consists of centrifugal motor and on the shaft a provision is made for connecting the ten tubes. The motor is run at its rated speed for near about 5 minuets. After this we will get the fat contents floating on the topside of sample. Figure 2 shows electrically operated centrifuge.
Fig.2 Electrically operated Centrifuge. Electronic Milko Tester (for Fat Measurement) The instrument used to measure fat content instantaneously on a digital readout. It does not involve the use of corrosive chemicals. Working Principle: Milko tester as shown in Figure 3 is based on the principal of photometric measurement of light scattered by the milk sample. The light is scattered by the fat globules present in the milk. The amount of light scattered by the milk sample is a measure of the fat content in the milk.
Fig.3 Milko Tester The milk sample needs to be homogenized before using it for test .For this purpose 0.5 ml of milk is mixed with 6.5 ml of reactant solution. The reactant solution of 10 liters is prepared from EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid) sachet powder (1 packet =52.6gms) + Antifoam (1.0ml) + emulsifier (Triton-X-100 =0.5ml).This solution is then made to pass through a syringe needle to disperse the fat globules homogeneously throughout the sample solution. Then this sample solution is introduced in the test tube and beam of light is passed through it. The more the fat content in the milk, more will be the amount of light scattered by the sample. Thus the light reaching the photocell will vary with the fat in the milk. The change in current is displayed in terms of % Fat content. [16] B. CLR measurement Lactometer is used to measure the density of milk. From lactometer reading we can find the water present in the milk. More is the density of milk less will be the percentage of the water. This instrument mainly contains glass tube containing mercury or lead shots at the bottom side of it. Manual method
Fig. 4 Manual method of CLR testing
ISSN 2249-6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE) Volume 2, Issue 2
11
Above Figure 4 shows the manual method of CLR testing. [15] By this method 70ml milk is taken in a measuring cylinder & the density of milk is found by dipping a lactometer in a milk sample. Because of this the lactometer displaces in milk & by observing the calibrated scale marked on its stem the density of milk is known. These readings are noted manually in farmers membership card Electronic method The specific gravity of the milk is measured using a Lactometer. The Auto CLR is a instrument incorporating electronics to observe the lactometer reading .It is a patented instrument by M/s Solid State Technologies, Pune. In this case the manual process is preserved, only electronics is added to it for making observations error free. Figure 5 shows the electronic CLR indicator & Figure.6 shows the CLR analyzer.[17]
Fig. 5 Electronic CLR indicator
Fig.5 CLR analyzer
Working 120 ml of milk is poured in cylinder .The lactometer moves in a vertical direction and attains a fixed floating position. The lactometer reading is calibrated on scale on lactometer itself .The reading on the lactometer corresponding to the level of the milk gives the lactometer reading. But in Auto CLR we measure this vertical movement electronically. The upper tip of the lactometer is inserted in an encoder assembly. [17] As the lactometer moves vertically then the encoder gives the output signal which is calibrated as a measure of the lactometer reading. This reading is given to the microcontroller which calculates the CLR. Weight measurement When the farmers bring the milk at the Milk collection center then it is first weighed for payment depending upon the rates decided by the government. Following are the methods used for weighing the milk. Manual method In this method the quantity of milk is measure by using the measuring jars of known volume (500ml or 1 liter) by counting them. The measurement is then recorded manually in the farmers membership card. Electronic method In this method an electronic weighing Scale is used. Farmers bringing their milk to the milk collection center where the milk is poured into metal buckets (aluminum or stainless steel) and weighed on an electronic weighing scale. The weight is displayed in liter or in kilogram (Since 1liter=1.03kg) on a digital LED display. Figure 2.10 below shows the electronic weighing machine.
Fig. 7 Electronic weighing machine
IV. BASIC COMPONENTS To overcome the obstacles of present methods of milk analysis explained in previous chapter, a Automatic Milk Analyzing & Billing System is developed which is simple in construction, easy to operate & which measures the parameters such as Fat, CLR, SNF & total weight of the milk and displays it on LCD display. For the billing purpose mainly a smart card is used. This card is supplied to every farmer who brings their milk to a particular milk collection center. The data displayed on the LCD display is simultaneously written on this card. By using data on the smart card payment is to be calculated. User can take printouts of the payment.
ISSN 2249-6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE) Volume 2, Issue 2 12 We can use PC interface also to maintain the year-by-year record. The basic components of this system mainly consist of - 1) Milk collection center. 2) Cash counter. 3) Electronic Card A. Milk Collection Center The Figure 8 shows block diagram of Milk collection center & it mainly consist of following component. 1) Sensor 2) Signal conditioning 3) Microcontroller 4) Keyboard 5) LCD 6) Card connector 7) RTC
Fig.8 Block diagram of Milk collection center Block diagram description 1) Sensor block: The sensor block contains sensor assembly, which includes sensor for measuring weight, Fat and CLR of the milk. 2) Signal Conditioning: Signal conditioning circuit convert sensors output into standard form so as it is acceptable by microcontroller. 3) Micro controller: All the processing of the signal, storage, billing, and display is done by the microcontroller. The microcontroller used is PIC16F877, which is having RISC architecture. 4) LCD and keyboard: LCD and keyboard are connected to the microcontroller to display the result and to enter the data respectively. 5) Smart card connecter: Here a card is inserted to write the data on the smart card. 6) Real Time Clock: The real time clock is used to log the data with respect to time & date. B. Cash Counter
Fig.9 Block diagram of Cash Counter This section will totally based on the microcontroller. At cash counter when user insert the smart card in the slot provided on the card connector, microcontroller will read data from smart card and send it to PC, where the payment is calculated according to the predefined rate and data from the smart card. Simultaneously, this total data can be displayed on the PC or we can take the printouts of the payment. The user can go anytime to collect his cash & once the payment has been given to the farmer the data from the smart card can be erased or next data can be overwrite on the smart card. The same data can be stored on the computer. We have to make the database in the computer for the particular parameter. MAX 232 is used for the serial communication between microcontroller & PC. MAX 232 Since the RS232 is not compatible with todays microcontrollers, we need a line driver (voltage converter) to convert the RS232s signals to TTL voltage levels that will be acceptable to the microcontrollers TxD & RxD pins. MAX232 from Maxim Corp. [18] is a example of such converter. The MAX232 converts from RS232 voltage levels to TTL voltage levels & vice versa. One advantage of MAX232 is that it uses a +5V power supply which is same as the source voltage for PIC16F877. There are two sets of line drivers for transferring & receiving data. Here we use only one set only, that is T1 & R1 are used together for TxD & RxD of PIC16F877. The T1IN is the TTL side & is connected to TxD of the microcontroller while T1OUT is the RS232 side that is connected to the RxD pin of RS232 DB connector. The R1IN (pin13) is the RS232 side that is connected to the TxD pin of the RS232 DB connector, & R1OUT (pin12) is the TTL side that is connected to the RxD pin of the microcontroller.[6] Electronic Card Smart card is simple memory card shown in the figure below mainly used for the billing purpose. The day-by-day data will be stored on the smart card. User can go any time to collect his payment. After giving payment we can vanish the total data on the smart card or we can overwrite the next record on the previous as per our requirement. Due to this memory can be used efficiently. This card mainly contains flash memory AT24C04A for the data storing purpose. It stores the different parameters of the milk such as fat, CLR, SNF, total weight of the milk etc. for the particular user. Each user will have his own card. The AT24C04A provides 4096 (4K) bits of serial electrically erasable and programmable read only memory (EEPROM) organized as 512 words of 8 bits each. The device is optimized for use in many industrial and commercial applications where low power and low voltage operation are essential. The AT24C04A is available in space saving 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin, 14-pin SOIC, and 8-pin TSSOP packages and is accessed via a 2-wire serial interface. In addition, the entire family is available in 5.0V (4.5V to 5.5V), 2.7V (2.7V to 5.5V), 2.5V (2.5V to 5.5V) and 1.8V (1.8V to 5.5V) versions. Here for our application we use 8-pin SOIC AT24C04A.[10] Figure 10 below shows electronic card on which a serial EEPROM is mounted.
ISSN 2249-6343 International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE) Volume 2, Issue 2
13
Fig.10 Electronic card V. EQUATION A. SNF measurement Once we got the values of CLR & FAT, easily we can calculate SNF by using following formula. [2]
SNF = (CLR reading / 4) + (FAT 0.21) + 0.36 VI. RESULTS Center : SAI DAIRY Customer ID: 01 Customer Name : Mr. ABHIRAJ
Table .1 Final Report VII. CONCLUSION With the help of this system we are able to judge quality of milk accurately, as well as farmers gets daily updating of record & immediate payment status for the milk delivered. Also farmers get the proper benefit according to quality of milk and customer get the good quality milk. The cheap and credible technology implemented in this dissertation improves the delivery system by ensuring prompt payment to the farmers and instilling their confidence in the dairy industry, and also minimizing the problem of adverse selection and defeating corruption. The elimination of manual registers for all kinds of information and data storage is an additional benefit of this dissertation. The milk collection parameters such as weight, FAT & CLR are measured by this system gives results same as the existing systems which are more costly than the developed one. VIII. CONCLUSION A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions.
REFERENCES
[1] Rupak Chakravarty, a paper on IT at Milk Collection Centers in Cooperative Dairies: The National Dairy Development Board Experience, pp.37-47. [2] Harold Macy, W.B. Combs & C.H. Eckles, Milk & Milk Products, TMH, Fourth edition 1990. [3] Jurjen Draaijer, Milk Producer group Resource Book a practical guide to assist milk producer groups, pp.37-40. [4] Tim wilmshurt,Designing embedded systems with PIC Microcontroller principles and applications TMH [5] Technical manual on Milkotester (Electronic), of M/s L & D Electrotech, Jaipur. [6] Operation Manual for Auto CLR/SNF Indicator, of M/s SST Engineers, Pune. [7] Steven Holzner, Visual Basic 6.0 programming black book. [8] Peter Norton, Database Programming in VB. [9] Super Bible, Visual Basic 6.0-Volume II. [10] www.maxim-ic.com [11] www.atmel.com [12] http://www.nddb.org [13] http://www.dairybusiness.com [14] http://www.digitaldividend.org/pdf/akashganga.pdf [15] http://www.microchip.com [16] http://www.dairyequipments.com
Prof.S.V. Arote working as a Asst. profesor in dept.of E&TC at Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni did her PG in Electronics and working on the research entitled Low Cost Milk Analyzing and Billing System Using Electronic Card
Prof. S.B. Lavhate, Working as a H.O.D, Department of Electronics and telecommunication Engineering,, PD.V.V.P. Polytechnic.-Loni, India, Mobile: +919922444982
Prof.V.S. .Phatangare e working as a Asst. profesor in dept.of E&TC at Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni did her PG in Electronics.
Prof. Taware Sachin S. working as a lecturer in dept.of E&TC at Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni does his PG in Embedded and VLSI and working on the research entitled Embedded E-documentation and Magnetic Resonance Cavity
Prof. Kadu Rahul N. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,, P.R.E.C.-Loni.
Prof. Anap Sachin D. . working as a lecturer in dept.of E&TC at Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni does his PG in Embedded and VLSI and working on the research entitled Embedded E-documentation.