-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 4 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2006
Dhananjai: So, which school did you put your
son in, finally?
(*´-®Ωèπ◊ O’ ¢√-úÕ-E -à school ™ -
îË-Jpç-î√-´¤?)
Lokeswar: In the Ambit Public School.
Dhananjai: Congrats. How could you ever
get him admission in that school?
It is one of the best schools in the
state.
(Ç Ææ÷\--™x -Å-úÕt-≠æ-Ø˛ ᙫ Ææ秃-Cç--î√-
´¤? ®√≠æçZ -™ -Ö-†o -Ö-ûªh-´’ -§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-™x -
Å-üÌéπ-öÀ.)
Lokeswar: And one of the most expensive
too. My son has been selected in
the selection test. Very few admis-
sion tests he has taken are as
tough as this.
(Å´¤†’. Åûªuçûª êK--üÁj† §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-™x
èπÿú≈ -Å-üÌéπöÀ. ´÷¢√úø’ v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°æ-K-éπ~™
áç°œ-éπ-ߪ÷uúø’. -¢√úø’ ®√Æœ† °æK-éπ~™x
éÌEo ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Éçûª éπ-≠d-¢æ Á’i-†N.)
Dhananjai: (Do) you mean he has taken as
number of admission tests?
(Åçõ‰ -O’ -Å-¶«s®· î√-™« v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°æ-K-éπ~©’
®√¨»-úøØ√ -F -Ö-üËl-¨¡uç?)
Lokeswar: What do you think? I have had five
transfers in the past nine years.
With every transfer he had to be
put in a new school, and that
meant an admission test.
(à-´’-†’èπ◊ç-ô’--Ø√o-´¤? Ñ -ûÌ-N’t-üË∞¡x-™
Ø√èπ◊ -Å®·-ü¿’ ≤ƒ®Ω’x •CM Å®·çC.
v°æA≤ƒ-K éÌûªh -§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-™ îË®√aLq ´îËaC.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
208
Åçõ‰ v°æA-≤ƒK ã v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°æ-Kéπ~ ®√ÊÆ-¢√-úø’)
Dhananjai: How good is he at studies?
(O’ ¢√úø’ á--™« îªü¿’-´¤-û√úø’?)
Lokeswar: Quite bright, I must say. Certainly
brighter than most other students
his age or class. He has had no
difficulty getting admission in the
best schools.
(ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√-úøØË ÅØ√L. ¢√úÕ- ûª®Ωí∫-A,
¢√-úÕ ´ßª’-Ææ’q- ¢√-∞¡x™ î√-™« -´’çCéπçõ‰
ûÁL-¢Áj†-¢√úË. -Ñ é¬®Ω-ùçí¬ Åûª’u-ûªh´’
§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-™x Ææ’-©’-´¤í¬ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç §Òçü¿-í∫-
Lí¬úø’)
Dhananjai: I see that. That he got a seat in
Ambit school shows that. Wish
him all the best.
(Å®Ωnç Å´¤-ûª÷ØË ÖçC. Ç §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©™
Æ‘-ô’ ®√´-ô¢Ë’ -Å-ûª-ØËç-ö ûÁ-©’-≤Úhç-C).
Lokeswar: Tomorrow is his birthday. How
about attending it?
( Í®°æ¤ ¢√úÕ °æ¤-öÀd-†®Ó-V -´≤ƒh´¤ éπü∆.)
Table- 1
I Type
Superlative: Kolkata is the largest
city in India.
Comparative: Kolkata is larger than
any other city / all other cities in India.
Positive: No other city in India is
so (as) large as Kolkata.
Superlative: éÓ™¸éπû√ ÅEo †í∫-®√™x °ü¿lC
Comparative: N’í∫û√ †í∫-®√-©- éπçõ‰
éÓ™¸éπû√ °ü¿lC (-´u-´£æ…-Jéπ ûÁ©’-í∫’-™)
Positive: à Éûª®Ω †í∫®Ωç èπÿú≈ éÓ™¸éπû√
Åçûª °ü¿lC é¬-ü¿’.
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Dhananjai: Tomorrow? I should very much
like to, but tomorrow is a friday.
On fridays, I am busier than most
other days. I'll try to come, but
don't look for me. Anyway, many
happy returns of the day.
(Ø√èπ◊ ®√¢√-©ØË ÖçC, é¬F Í®°æ¤ ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç. -N’-T-L-†
®Ó-V-©-ûÓ -§Ú-LÊÆ-h ؈’ ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√-®√©’ î√™«- G-@. Å®·-
What do you think?
Ø√ ®√´-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Ao-≤ƒh†’. - é¬-F -Ø√éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-
îª÷-úÌü¿’l. É™«çöÀ °æ¤-öÀd-†®Ó-V-©’ î√-™« -ï®Ω’°æ¤éÓ-¢√©E
éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’)
Lokeswar: Thank you.
Compare sentences (a) and (b) below:
a) Kolkata is the largest city in India
( ¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ Åûªuçûª °ü¿l-†-í∫®Ωç éÓ™¸-éπû√)
- superlative degree.
b) Bangalore is one of the largest cities in
India.
(¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ Åûªuçûª °ü¿l †í∫-®√™x- ¶„çí∫-∞¡⁄®Ω’ äéπöÀ)
– superlative.
a), b) È®çúø÷ èπÿú≈ superlative ™ ÖØ√o®·. Å®·ûË
(a) ™ the largest Åçô’Ø√oç – Åçõ‰ éÓ™¸-éπû√ ÅEo
†í∫-®√™x °ü¿lC -Å-E -Å®Ωnç.
(b) ™ Bangalore is one of the largest Åçô’Ø√oç
– Åçõ‰ ¶µ«®Ω-û˝™E (Åûªuçûª) °ü¿l-†-í∫-®√™x -¶„çí∫-∞¡⁄®Ω’
äéπöÀ Åçô’Ø√oç.
✓ The best, the largest, the tallest, etc.
comparatives, positive
É™«çöÀ¢√öÀéÀ
´≤ƒhßÁ÷ ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.
One of the best (Åûªuçûª ¢Ë’-™„j-†-¢√-öÀ-™  äéπöÀ),
One of the largest (Åûªuçûª °ü¿l-¢√-öÀ™  äéπöÀ),
ņo-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀéÀ Positive, Comparative ᙫ
Öçö«ßÁ÷ É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îª÷ü∆lç. é¬F äéπ ´·êu
N≠æߪ’ç–
✓ §ÚL-éπ©’ °æJQ- L - ç-îôª ç, îÁ°pæ ôç (´Ææ’h´- ¤©÷, ´uèπ◊h©
ûª®Ωû- ´ª ’ ¶µü‰ ∆©’)- Éç-T≠-x flæ ™ ÆæçéÀ≠-x çdæ (Complex)í¬ -
Öç-ô’ç-C. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ -Å-™« Öçúøü¿’. ´’†ç
´÷´‚©’í¬ ´÷ö«xú,Ë ®√ÊÆ ûÁ©’í∫’™ Superlative,
Comparatives èπ◊ ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ °æü∆©’ ™‰´¤ éπü∆.
Öü∆: Ççvüµ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸™ -Ö-†o †í∫-®√™x £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛
°ü¿lC (Superlative), N’í∫û√ †í∫-®√© éπçõ‰ £j«ü¿-®√-
¶«ü˛ °ü¿lC (Comparative), à †í∫®Ωç èπÿú≈ £j«ü¿-
®√-¶«ü˛ Åçûª °ü¿lC é¬ü¿’. ÅE ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™
-Åç-ö«ç. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆.
✓ Three degrees ™ èπÿú≈ ´’†ç '°ü¿lC— -Å-ØË -
´÷-ô-ØË Åçô’Ø√oç. -Éç-Tx-≠æfl™™«, big, bigger,
biggest ÅE äÍé ´÷ôèπ◊ degree E •öÀd ´‚úø’
®Ω÷§ƒ©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ -Öç-úø-´¤ éπü∆. Åûªuçûª °ü¿lC, ÅA
°ü¿l ÅØË ´÷ô© ¢√úø’éπ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Åçûª ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç
é¬ü¿’. ÅD é¬èπ◊çú≈ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ -áEo ®Ω鬩 §ÚL-éπ-
©’Ø√o, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd àüÓ ´÷ô éπ-*a-ûªçí¬ -¢√-
úø’û√ç. é¬F ¢√éπuç É™« Öçú≈L ÅØË E•ç-üµ¿-†©’
II Type
Bangalore is one of the largest cities in
India.
Bangalore is larger than most other
cities in India.
Very few cities in India are
as large as Bangalore.
-Å-ûªuç-ûª °ü¿l †í∫-®√™x ¶„çí∫-∞¡⁄®Ω’ äéπöÀ
î√™« †í∫-®√-©- éπç-õ‰ ¶„çí∫-∞¡⁄®Ω’ °ü¿lC
à éÌCl †í∫-®√-™ ¶„çí∫∞¡⁄®Ωçûª °ü¿lN
(-´u-´£æ…-Jéπ ûÁ©’-í∫’-™)
2
than that in most other recent movies.
ûÁ©’-í∫’™ -™‰-´¤. Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ -Ççí∫x¶µ«-≠æ-
™ î√™« -E-•ç-üµ¿-†-©’ -Ö-Ø√o®·. Åçü¿’- Naresh: But the songs in the movie
éπE à ®Ωéπç §ÚL-éπ†’ à degree ™ are not sweeter than the
ᙫ îÁ§ƒp-©ØË N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´- songs in 'Kalalu'.
Ææ®Ωç. Satish: (Do) you mean that songs in
Now look at the following sen-
'Kalalu' are sweeter than the
tences from the conversation at
M. SURESAN songs in the movie.
the beginning of the lesson
1) It is one of the best schools in the state. Naresh: I Don't mean that. The songs in
(®√≠æZç™E Öûªh´’ -§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-™x ÉC äéπöÀ)– 'Kalalu' are as sweet as the songs in
superlative this.
2) And one of the most expensive too.
Satish: You are one of the best singers in our
(Åûªuçûª êK--üÁj† -§ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©-™x èπÿú≈ äéπöÀ)
3) Very few admission tests... are as tough as College. I do not have the knowledge
this (positive) of music you have / my knowledge of
4) He is certainly brighter than most other stu- music is not so (as) good as yours.
dents of his class or age (comparative) Naresh: Very few songs are as good as
5) ... I am busier tomorrow than on most other
'Vasantaragam' in 'Kalalu' It is a mov-
days. (comparative).
ing song.
É°æ¤púø’ È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩 §ÚLéπ© -´’-üµ¿u ûËú≈ °æJ-Q-Lü∆lç:
ᙫ
Satish: True. I like it too.
(-õ‰-•’-™¸ 1 -îª÷-úøç-úÕ)
É°æ¤púø’ ´’† Ææ-ç-¶µ«-≠æ-ù™E degrees transfor-
mation to other degrees îª÷ü∆lç.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Very few schools in the It is better than most other It is one of the best schools in the
1)
state are as good as this. schools in the state. state. lesson sentence)
( ™ É*a†
2) Very few schools are as ... and more expensive than and one of the most expensive
...
expensive as this. most other schools. too. (lesson sentence) ™ É*a†
3) Very few admission tests This is tougher than most other This is one of the toughest tests.
are as tough as this. (les- tests.
son ™Esentence)
4) Very few students are as He is certainly brighter than most He is certainly one of the brightest
bright as he (is). other students. (lesson sen- students.
™E
tence)
5) On very few days am I as I am busier tomorrow than on Tomorrow is one of the days I am
busy as I am tomorrow. most other days. (lesson the busiest on.
™E
sentence)
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC... This diversity is seen not only
-v°æ-¨¡o-:
a) The + superlative ÅE ´ÊÆh ü∆EéÀ compara- among the plants belonging to dif-
tive ™ than any other / all other ´Ææ’hçC. ferent groups but also those
belonging to the same group.
Positive ™ No other ûÓ -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’´¤-ûª’çC.-
is
°j ¢√éπuç™ ûª®√yûª seen Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
b) One of the + superlative ´ÊÆh ü∆EéÀ compar- present continuous
Tç-î √®Ω’. ™
ative ™ than most other ´Ææ’hçC. Very few verb ´‚úÓ-®Ω÷-§ƒEo Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-
ûÓ Positive v§ƒ®Ω綵º-´’´¤-ûª’çC. very few ûÓ ´î√a?-ûÁ-©°æí∫-©®Ω’?
v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’u positive- ™ as + positive + as áç. ü∆L-Ø√-ߪ·úø’, Xé¬- π◊∞¡ç
´÷vûª-¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC. so + positive + as ®√ü¿’. ï-¢√-•’: Ééπ\úø seen ÅØËC present continuous
tense é¬ü¿’. present simple / present indefinite.
Carefully observe the following conver- present continuous tense ™ verb form-
sation between Satish and Naresh am seeing / is seeing / are seeing.
Satish: This is one of the greatest movies I've is seen- ÉCpresent simple, passive voice-
seen recently. îª÷úø-•-úø’-ûÓçC ÅØË Å®Ωnç™.
This diversity is seen = Ñ
¢ÁjNüµ¿uç
Naresh: I agree. Very few recent movies are îª÷úø•úø’ûª’çC (Åçõ‰ ´’†ç îª÷≤ƒhç ÅE)
as great as this. is seen- is (be form) + seen ( verb ´‚úÓ-®Ω÷°æç
Satish: The photography in the movie is better Åçõ‰ past participle) - voice, passive.