Bicong, Marchieza January 9, 2013

Buenviaje, Arianne
Lames, Nico
Olaivar, Rhea

1800-1899 TREATIES
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
o This peace treaty, signed on 24 December 1814, in Ghent , ended the War of
1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. In addition, it restored
relations between the two nations with no loss of territory either way. With this
agreement, both nations promised to work towards an ending of slave trade.
Treaty of Nanjing (1842)
o This treaty was signed on 29 August 1842 and was the unequal treaty which
marked the end of the First Opium War between the British and Qing Empires.
Not only did it forced China to lower its tariffs but it also allowed the cession of
Hong Kong to the British Queen thus making Hong Kong its crown colony. In
addition, the treaty stated that the ports of Xiamen, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Ningbo,
and Shanghai should be opened to foreign trade. It also stated that the Chinese
should pay 21 million dollars to Britain for all the opium destroyed during the
First Opium War.
Treaty of Wanghia (1844)
o This treaty, signed on July 3, 1844 and ratified unanimously by the US Senate on
January 16, 1845, marked the beginning of formal Sino-American diplomatic
relations. In this treaty, American citizens were given additional privileges such
as, they were allowed to buy land in the five treaty ports and erect churches and
hospitals there and they were allowed to learn Chinese by abolishing a law which
up till then forbade foreigners to do so.
Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)
o This treaty done at Kanagawa on the 31st day of March 1854, ended the 200 yrs.
Policy of Seclusion of Japan and finally opened the nation not only to the US but
also to other Western nations. This allowed the opening of ports in Shimoda and
Hakodate to American trade and permitted the establishment of a U.S. consulate
in Japan.
Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty (1854)
o This treaty between Britain and Japan was signed October 14, 1854 in Nagasaki.
The signing of this treaty, similar with the US Treaty of Kanagawa, signified the
end of over two hundred years of isolation from the outside world. The immediate
result was the opening of the treaty ports, where British firms engaged in business
with Japan. This also led to the creation of Iwakura Mission in 1871-73 to see and
learn about all aspects of modern Western civilization, wherein a number of
Japanese students were sent to the UK to study engineering, industry and trade.
Bowring Treaty (1855)
o A treaty in 1855 between Siam (Thailand) and Britain that achieved commercial
and political aims that earlier British missions had failed to gain and opened up
Siam to Western influence and trade. It set a 3 percent duty on all imports and
permitted British subjects to trade in all Thai ports, to own land near Bangkok,
and to move freely about the country. In addition, it granted extraterritoriality to
British subjectsa privilege which, in time, proved so irritating that its removal
became a chief goal of Thai policy.
First Geneva Convention (1864)
o The First Geneva Convention, for the Amelioration of the Condition of the
Wounded in Armies in the Field, is the predecessor to the other three treaties of
the Geneva Conventions. The main principles laid down in the Convention and
maintained by the later Geneva Conventions provided for the obligation to extend
care without discrimination to wounded and sick military personnel and respect
for and marking of medical personnel transports and equipment with the
distinctive sign of the red cross on a white background.
Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)
o This treaty concluded the 1st Sino-Japanese War which ended in Chinas defeat.
In this treaty, China was obliged to recognize the independence of Korea; to cede
Taiwan, the Pescadores Islands, and the Liaodong Peninsula to Japan; to pay
indemnity and; open ports to Japanese trade.
Treaty of Addis Ababa (1896)
o This treaty signed on the 23
rd
of October 1896 formally ended the First Italo
Ethiopian War on terms mostly favorable to Ethiopia. This was able to abrogate
the Treaty of Wuchale and recognized Ethiopia as an independent state.
Treaty of Paris (1898)
o This treaty resulted in Spain surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico,
parts of the West Indies, Guam, and the Philippines to the US.