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Web Servers Market Share Web Servers Market Share

2011 2011
Apache Apache
60.31% 60.31%
IIS (by Microsoft) IIS (by Microsoft)
19.34% 19.34%
nginx nginx (by Igor (by Igor Sysoev Sysoev) )
7.65% 7.65%
GWS (by Google) GWS (by Google)
5.09% 5.09%
lighttpd lighttpd
0.60% 0.60%
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Client Client- -Server Architecture Server Architecture
The Classical Client The Classical Client- -Server Model Server Model
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Client Client- -Server Architecture Server Architecture
The client The client- -server model consists of: server model consists of:
Server Server a single machine or cluster of machines a single machine or cluster of machines
that provides web applications (or services) to that provides web applications (or services) to
multiple clients multiple clients
Examples: Examples:
Web server running PHP scripts or ASP.NET pages Web server running PHP scripts or ASP.NET pages
IIS based Web server IIS based Web server
WCF based service WCF based service
Services in the cloud Services in the cloud
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Client Client- -Server Architecture Server Architecture
The client The client- -server model consists of: server model consists of:
Clients Clients software applications that provide UI software applications that provide UI
(front (front- -end) to access the services at the server end) to access the services at the server
Examples: Examples:
Web browsers Web browsers
WPF applications WPF applications
HTML5 applications HTML5 applications
Silverlight Silverlight applications applications
ASP.NET consuming services ASP.NET consuming services
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The Client The Client- -Server Model Server Model
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Server Server
Desktop Desktop
Client Client
Mobile Mobile
Client Client
Client Client
Machine Machine
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network connection
network connection
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Client Client- -Server Model Server Model Examples Examples
Web server (Apache, IIS) Web server (Apache, IIS) Web browser Web browser
FTP server ( FTP server (ftpd ftpd) ) FTP client ( FTP client (FileZilla FileZilla) )
EMail EMail server ( server (qmail qmail) ) email client (Outlook) email client (Outlook)
SQL Server SQL Server SQL Server Management Studio SQL Server Management Studio
BitTorrent BitTorrent Tracker Tracker Torrent client ( Torrent client ( Torrent) Torrent)
DNS server (bind) DNS server (bind) DNS client (resolver) DNS client (resolver)
DHCP server (wireless router firmware) DHCP server (wireless router firmware) DHCP DHCP
client (mobile phone /Android DHCP client/) client (mobile phone /Android DHCP client/)
SMB server (Windows) SMB server (Windows) SMB client (Windows) SMB client (Windows)
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3 3- -Tier / Multi Tier / Multi- -Tier Tier
Architectures Architectures
Classical Layered Structure of Software Systems Classical Layered Structure of Software Systems
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The 3 The 3- -Tier Architecture Tier Architecture
The The 3 3- -tier architecture tier architecture consists of the consists of the
following tiers (layers): following tiers (layers):
Front Front- -end end (client layer) (client layer)
Client Client software software provides the UI of the system provides the UI of the system
Middle tier Middle tier (business layer) (business layer)
Server software Server software provides the core system logic provides the core system logic
Implements the business processes / services Implements the business processes / services
Back Back- -end end (data layer) (data layer)
Manages the data of the system (database / Manages the data of the system (database /
cloud) cloud)
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The 3 The 3- -Tier Architecture Model Tier Architecture Model
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Business Business
Logic Logic
Desktop Desktop
Client Client
Mobile Mobile
Client Client
Client Client
Machine Machine
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Database Database
Data Tier Data Tier
(Back (Back- -End) End)
Middle Tier Middle Tier
(Business Tier) (Business Tier)
Client Tier (Front Client Tier (Front- -End) End)
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WWW WWW arhitektura arhitektura
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Content:
1. HTML/XML/XHTML Document
2. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
3. JavaScript/VBScript
4. Flash/Video/Audio
5. Java Applet
6. AJAX with JQuery

Web Browser
1. Internet Explorer
2. Firefox
3. Opera
4. Mozilla

Database
1. Microsoft SQL
2. MySQL
3. PostgreSQL
4. dBase
5. mSQL
6. Infomix
7. ODBC
8. Oracle

Web Server
1. Apache HTTP Server
2. Microsoft IIS

CGI program
1. C/C++
2. Fortran
3. PERL
4. TCL
5. Any Unix shell
6. AppleScript
7. Python

World Wide Web (WWW) arhitektura

Script Languages
1. PHP
2. ASP
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Typical Layers of the Middle Tier Typical Layers of the Middle Tier
The middle tier usually has parts related to the The middle tier usually has parts related to the
front front- -end, business logic and back end, business logic and back- -end: end:
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Presentation Logic Presentation Logic
Implements the UI of the application (HTML5, Implements the UI of the application (HTML5, Silverlight Silverlight, WPF, , WPF, ) )
Business Logic Business Logic
Implements the core processes / services of the application Implements the core processes / services of the application
Data Access Logic Data Access Logic
Implements the data access functionality (usually ORM framework) Implements the data access functionality (usually ORM framework)
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Service Service- -Oriented Oriented
Architecture (SOA) Architecture (SOA)
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What is a Service What is a Service? ?
In the real world a " In the real world a "service service" is " is: :
A piece of work performed by a service provider A piece of work performed by a service provider
Provides a client (consumer) some desired Provides a client (consumer) some desired
result by some input parameters result by some input parameters
The requirements and the result are known The requirements and the result are known
Easy to use Easy to use
Always available Always available
Has quality characteristics Has quality characteristics ( (price price, , execution execution
time, constraints, etc. time, constraints, etc.) )
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What is "Cloud"? What is "Cloud"?
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What is Cloud? What is Cloud?
Cloud Cloud multiple hardware machines combine multiple hardware machines combine
their computing power and resources their computing power and resources
Share them between multiple applications Share them between multiple applications
To save costs and use resources more efficiently To save costs and use resources more efficiently
Public clouds Public clouds
Provide computing resources on demand Provide computing resources on demand
Publicly in Internet Publicly in Internet
Paid or free of charge (to some limit) Paid or free of charge (to some limit)
Amazon AWS, Google App Engine, Microsoft Amazon AWS, Google App Engine, Microsoft
Azure, Azure, Rackspace Rackspace, , PHPFog PHPFog, , Heroku Heroku, , AppHarbor AppHarbor
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Cloud Computing Models Cloud Computing Models
Infrastructure as a Service ( Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS IaaS) )
Virtual machines in the cloud on demand Virtual machines in the cloud on demand
Users install the OS and software they need Users install the OS and software they need
Platform as a Service ( Platform as a Service (PaaS PaaS) )
Platform, services and APIs for developers Platform, services and APIs for developers
E.g. Java + E.g. Java + JBoss JBoss + JSF + JPA + + JSF + JPA + MongoDB MongoDB or or
JavaScript + JavaScript + Node.js Node.js + + MongoDB MongoDB + + RabbitMQ RabbitMQ
Software as a Service ( Software as a Service (SaaS SaaS) )
Hosted application on demand (e.g. Hosted application on demand (e.g. WordPress WordPress) )
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Web Design Tools Web Design Tools
The tools we need The tools we need
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Coding Tools Coding Tools
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IDEs IDEs
MS Visual Studio MS Visual Studio
MS Visual Web Developer MS Visual Web Developer
MS Web Matrix MS Web Matrix
Adobe Adobe DreamWeaver DreamWeaver
Eclipse Eclipse
Aptana Aptana
JetBrains JetBrains WebStorm WebStorm
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Lite Lite tools tools
Notepad++ Notepad++ GEdit GEdit
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Browsers Browsers
Internet Explorer Internet Explorer
Google Chrome Google Chrome
Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox
Apple Safari Apple Safari
Opera Opera
Browsers and Browser Tools Browsers and Browser Tools
Browser Tools Browser Tools
Firebug Firebug
WebInspector WebInspector
WebDeveloper WebDeveloper Toolbar Toolbar
F12 (IE) F12 (IE)
Inspect Inspect
Console Console
Bookmarklets Bookmarklets
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Drawing and Slicing Tools Drawing and Slicing Tools
Adobe Photoshop Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Fireworks Adobe Fireworks
Gimp Gimp
Paint.NET Paint.NET
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Source control tools Source control tools
Microsoft TFS, Microsoft VSS Microsoft TFS, Microsoft VSS
Git Git
SVN SVN
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Web Technologies Basics Web Technologies Basics
Questions? Questions?