UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
AIRCAFRT PAINTING AND FINISHING
Introduction.
- Purpose
- For attractive appearance to the aircraft
- For protection to the structure aircraft.
- Finishing and refinishing operation consist of man different materia!s and
techni"ue for app!ing the protective covering.
- #pp! each materia! according to the manufacturer instructions to o$tain the
$est possi$!e finish and the greatest possi$!e protection.
Fa$ric finishing processes.
- #!though fa$ric-covered aircraft constitute sma!! percentage of the aircraft that
re"uire refinishing% technician shou!d sti!! $e a&are of the refinishing sstems
that are avai!a$!e.
'ope finish.
- One of the easiest to app! and re"uires the !east e(perience and e"uipment to
do a satisfactor )o$% $ut has a dra&$ac* of $eing prone to crac*ing.
- +ide se!ection finishing sstem to $eing !imited on! to nitrate or butyrate
o!e"
- Ne& sstem more dura$!e and attractive.
- To o$tain f!e(i$i!it in a dope fi!m% manufacturers use p!astici,er such as
castor oi!% tricres! phosphate and vin! resins.
- P!astici,er have tendenc to migrate out of the dope fi!m and after period of
time the fi!m $ecome crac*.
- P!astici,er a!so ma*e fa$ric soft enough that can $e a$raded $ sand or
attac*ed $ chemica! fumes.
Re)uvenator
- If the dopes $ecome $ritt!e crac* $ut the fa$ric is sti!! good% the finish ma $e
re)uvenated.
- Re)uvenator is a mi(ture of potent so!vent and p!astici,er.
- #pp!ication
Scru$$ed &ith scotch $rite &ith a !ot of &ater.
Scru$ it a dampened &ith to!ou! or -E. to removed an &a(.
'r the surface comp!ete! and then spra &ith a re)uvenator
&ith some $utrate dope thinner.
'ifficu!ties &ith dope.
- Poor adhesion
Cause $ spraing nitrate dope over $utrate dope.
Nitrate dope are not strong to penetrate in the $utrate fi!m
formed.
Too much a!uminum pigment on the dope.
- /!ushing
If humidit is high enough and temperature drop cause the
&ater to condense out of air into the dope fi!m.
To cure the $!ushing is $
0o&er the re!ative humidit
SiSo
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
+ait for a da &ith more favora$!e conditions.
- Pinho!es
It happen &hen dope fi!m is e(posed to mush heat or &ind
$!o& across it and a!so atomi,ing air on the spra gun.
-eans that &hen $u$$!es of the so!vent $rea* through the
surface of the dope &hich has premature! hardened.
- Sag and run.
Cause $ spraing too much dope on the surface and the
surface tension cannot ho!d the materia!s $ac*.
The gun move too s!o&!% he!d too c!osed to the &or* and it is
not proper! thinned.
- Orange pee!
Is caused $ surface of the dope dring $efore the dope $e!o&
surface.
Improper spra techni"ues% thinner evaporates to fast.
- Fish ees
0oca!i,ed spots &ithin the fi!m of the dope that do not dr.
Caused $ &a(% oi! or some si!icone product contaminating the
surface.
C!ean the surface &ith to!ou! or -E. $efore spraing.
- 'ope roping
#pp!ication of dope $ $rush
Caused $ the so!vent evaporating out of dope $efore it f!o&
out.
To prevent it% use a $it more thinner or a!!o&ed the dope to
&arm up if it is coo!.
Po!urethane finish.
- o!d tpe 1good to used over meta!.
Not good for fa$ric 1 tendenc to crac* as it f!e(.
- Ne& po!urethane 1 use on snthetic fa$rics- it does not as it f!e(.
- For ma*ing repair it ma removed $ sanding them off &ith 234 sandpaper.
- The cannot $e softened in the same &a dope &as softened.
SiSo
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
Meta# Fini$%
- Stripping
-eta! paint used paint stripper.
+ear protective e"uipment.
'on5t mi( &ith different $rand.
#!&as fo!!o& the manufacturer instruction.
- Procedures
Cover or mas*ed a! p!astics% ru$$er and fi$erg!ass part &ith
a!uminum foi! or po!eth!ene sheet.
#pp! &ith $rush
Used p!astic scrapper &ith hot &ater or steam.
+ash &ith &arm &ater% detergent and scoth $rite for removing
a!! residues.
- Compound $!asting
To removed o!d finish and corrosion $ sand $!asting
'isadvantage 1 ma reduces the meta! thic*ness and stretch
-edia $!asting 1 used p!astic materia! to removed o!d finish
and surface corrosion &ithout harming the materia!.
- Corrosion remova!
Fi!iform corrosion 1caused $ improper! app!ied po!urethane
top coat.
Sand out an corrosion if tit to advance 6deep or $ig7 rep!aced
it.
Treat &ith acid etchant.
#pp!ied conversion coating 6a!odine7
#pp! primer.
CHOICE OF FINISHING SYSTEM"
- Snthetic ename!s.
Common! for automo$i!es.
Can app!ied over ,inc chromate primer
Chemica! resistance is nomina! not resistance to a$rasion.
8ave good g!oss and do not re"uire ru$$ing.
Fo!!o& the manufacturer instruction to mi(ing.
- #cr!ic !ac"uer
Use on high vo!ume production !ines 6save times7
Primed &ith 2 part &ash primer. #fter dr spraed &ith acr!ic
!ac"uer- eas to app!
Fair! resistance to chemica! attac* &eather resistance.
Used 9 hour dring times $et&een coats.
If used retarder% finish shou!d dr over night.
SiSo
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
- Po!urethane
-ost dura$!e and attractive finish.
Used on high speed and a!titude #:C
8ard and chemica!! resistance.
Paint stripping has to ta*e some times to remove.
Po!urethane mi( &ith cata!st in proportion given $
manufacturer.
- #cr!ic urethanes.
#cr!ic and urethane are $oth com$ined in one sstem.
Eas to app! as acr!ic.
'ura$!e and chemica!! resistance as po!urethane finish.
- Primers
#pp!ied to provide good $ond $et&een meta! and cover
;inc chromate is good corrosion resistance.
Epo( primer is a!so recommended 6 much $etter 7 ma(imum
protection.
+ash primer.
Popu!ar for production $ecause top coated in short time
6 9 hr 7&ithout the adhere it.
'o not add acid di!uents &hen mi(ing for the second
coat and &hen it is to $e used over f:g!ass or p!astic.
#pp!ied &ith a fi!m thic*ness not more than 4.<mi!
64.444< IN.7
- S!e&ia# 'ini$%e$ an 'ini$%in( !rou&t
- 8igh visi$i!it finishes.
-a*e a:c more visi$!e% $oth on ground and in the air.
#re used for &ing tips% co&!ing% the empennage or co!or $ands.
U!tra vio!et a$sor$ing top coat is spraed he!p to retard fading.
- +rin*!e finish
Su$)ects to rough treatment
Used on instrument pane!% e!ectronic e"uipment% etc.
Spraed on &ith heav coat or recommended $ manufacturer.
- F!at $!ac* !ac"uer
Non ref!ective coating for instrument pane! and g!are shie!ds.
Can $e $ spraed gun or aeroso! can spraed.
- &ing &a!* compound
Specia! sharp grain sand mi(ed into a tough ename! materia! to
form non s!ipper surface.
SiSo
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
#pp! &ith $rush or spra gun using specia! no,,!e for high!
a$rasive materia!s
Thin &ith to!ou! or ename! thinners.
- #cid proof paint
For $atter $o(es meta! and surround area.
Used $!ac* aspha!tum materia!s &hich resem$!e tar.
Thinned &ith to!ou! and $rush into surface after removed corrosion
- F!oat $ottom compound
for seap!ane f!oats.
Simi!ar to acid proof paint.
- Fue! tan* sea!ant
Sea!ed $ s!oshing &ith sea!er =s!oshing compound5
Tan* preparation is made $efore app!ication.
- Seam paste
Thic* ,inc chromate materia! &ith organic fi$er em$edded in it.
Use for mar*ing &ater proof )oints in sea f!oats and !ea* proof seams in
fue! tan*s.
- 8igh temperature finishes.
Engine ename!.
8as pigment that area co!orfast under high temperature.
Thinned &ith regu!ar ename! reduce or to!ou!.
8eat resistant a!uminum paint
To resist temperature at a$out >244
4
F
Used on e(haust sstem and heater shrouds.
- Rot inhi$iting sea!er
Used to prevent a:c &oods su$)ect to fungus or mi!de&
Specia! a!*d resin having ver !o& so!id content in mi(ed &ith
fungicida! materia!s.
- Spar vanish
Pheno!ic modified oi! &hich cures $ o(idation.
+ater resistance% not softened $ so!vent.
#!so use on e!ectronic components such as circuit $oard.
- Tu$e oi!.
Used to protect tu$u!ar structure in a:c fuse!age% empennage and !anding
gear.
- Thinner and reducer.
To made pigment or fi!m materia!s !ess viscious for spraing.
Used on! recommended $ manufacturers.
Nitrate dope thinner.
Use to thin nitrate dope% nitrate ce!!u!ose !ac"uer or nitrate
cement.
/utrate dope thinner
Can use on $utrate and nitrate dope.
Can not use to thin acr!ic.
Retarder
SiSo
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
'r ver s!o&! and prevent temperature drop &hich condenses
moisture and cause $ $!ushing
#nti $!ush thinner
Spraed over !ast coat.
8aving s!o&er dring so!vents a!!o& each coat more time to
f!o& out and from a smoother fi!m.
Ename! reducer.
To &ash do&n a surface to remove &a( after paint stripping
$een used.
-E.
For genera! purpose c!eaning
Removed a!! &a( and grease
#cetone
Used as so!vent and c!eaner
- Spot putt and sanding surfaces
Used to fi!! crac* or !o& spots in &ood s*ins $efore the are covered
&ith fa$ric.
FINIS8IN? E@UIP-ENT
- Paint shop
E"uipped &ith vapor proof !ight
8ave temperature and humidit contro! for optimum spraing
conditions.
Protection from over spra &ith po!eth!ene sheeting
8as e(haust fans
P!ace near the f!oor 6 fumes heavier than the air 7
/e!t driven fan &ith motor in an area the vapor &i!! not get
around it.
Storage of e"uipment and finish materia!s in approved store.
- #ir supp!
#de"uate vo!ume &ith sufficient pressure and free from oi! and &ater.
-ost a:c maintenance shop producing pressure a$out >A4 psi.
Fi!ter unit and receiver shou!d $e drain ever da.
Important 1 pressure for painting is the pressure at the gun it se!f
6shou!d have pressure gauge7% ma $e insta!!ed temporar.
- Spra e"uipment
< sstems for spraing !i"uid finishing.
#ir spra
Common! used
Used compress air to atomi,ed the !i"uid
#ir !ess
Using pump to de!iver high pressure for specia! gun.
Used &here !arger area to covered in short period.
Norma!! found on! in spras shop.
E!ectro static
SiSo
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
To *ept minimum over spra
-ateria! atomi,ed either $ air or $ air!ess pump and high
vo!tage e!ectrica! charge.
- Spra gun
2 tpe
Suction feed guns
Pressure feed guns
/asic different $et&een this 2 is the f!uid tip and air cap.
Suction feed guns.
One "uart cup attached to the gun- used for touch up the
painting or other !o& vo!ume &or*.
F!uid tip stic*s out of air cap to produce !o& pressure.
Pressure feed guns
#ttached to either a pressure cup or pressure pot.
F!uid tip f!ush &ith air cap.
#irf!o& around the tip does not create !o& pressure.
+hen considera$!e vo!ume of materia! to $e spraed use
pressure feed gun &ith pressure pots.
o #vai!a$!e in si,e ho!d from 2->A ga!!on.
o A ga!!on pot $eing hand si,e for a:c spraing
o 8ave agitator to *eep materia! mi(ed &hi!e spraing.
o #gitator ma either air driven or turn &ith a cran*.
- Respirator and mas*
-ost so!vent and thinner are to(ic.
To prevent $reathing fumes
Fi!ter tpe mas* &i!! remove so!id from air $reath $ut it did not fi!ter
out fumes.
If sta in a paint room ou shou!d &ear air f!o& tpe mas* 6 heav
concentrated fumes 7
- Biscosit measuring cup
To dup!icate the viscosit from one $atch to the ne(t.
Thin the materia!s and dip viscosit cup into it.
Pu!! cup out of !i"uid and chec* time ta*e of the first $rea* appear.
Time is dependent upon viscosit of materia!s.
- -i(ing e"uipment
SiSo
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR NOTES.
# can of finishing materia! is c!amped into machines &hich sha*e or
agitate for >A-24 minutes.
Can used hand agitator or agitator driven $ motor 6pneumatic7
Never use an e!ectric motor to driven the agitator 6 prevent fire occur 7
- Spra gun and its operation
- #d)usting the spra pattern.
-ust have correct tpe of gun for the )o$
Correct air cap and f!uid tip for the materia! &e are spraing
-ateria! must $e thinned to proper viscosit.
#ir !ine is attached to the fitting% $ottom of hand!e.
-ateria! supp! is attached to the fitting at the front end of the gun.
Open spreader ad)ustment va!ve &hich a!!o&s air to f!o& air to f!o& out
of ho!es in &ing port of air cap.
# correct! ad)usted spra gun shou!d produced uniform fan shape%
spra &ith fan perpendicu!ar to &ing ports.
- Spra pro$!em
- Pattern is too heav at either the top or $ottom.
/ui!d up materia! on air cap
Some ho!e p!ugged up.
Correction
Removed air cap soa* &ith thinner.
'o not use !oc*ing &ire% it can damage precision ho!es.
- Pattern to heav in center.
To much materia! or to thic*
Correction
C!osed f!uid va!ve a $it.
Use !itt!e $it more thinner in materia!.
- Pattern sp!it or to thin in midd!e.

SiSo