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Metals are the backbone of the
engineering industry being the most
important Engineering materials.
i i i In comparison to other engineering
materials such as wood, ceramics, fabric
and plastics, metals are used in:
Large tonnage
Offers very wide range of properties
Highest possible strength
Engineers main concern:
mechanical properties of the metal,
however,
Compositions Compositions
Shaping history
Heat treatment
Have tremendous effect on the behavior of
the material.
Mechanical strength
Ductility & toughness
Hardness
Fatigue strength
Corrosion resistance
Wear resistance
Creep resistance
Resistance to heat and oxidation
damage
Resistance to radiation damage
Extractive Metallurgy
> deals with processing of the natural occurring
raw materials converting in to useful metals
and alloys.
Adaptive Metallurgy (Physical Metallurgy)
> which deals with identifying, controlling and
varying the properties of the metals and
alloys as per requirement of the mankind.
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Iron
Chemical Symbol Fe
exist in different forms at different temperature.
This properties gives the rise to many different
alloys and unique ability to alter properties of iron
alloys by heating and cooling at different rates.
Heat Treatment
is the heating and cooling of various metals and
alloys for attaining certain mechanical properties.
The Fe-C Phase diagram will show how iron
behaves with carbon addition.
Iron is allotropic
in nature
because it can
exist in many
forms at
different
temperatures p
See cooling
curve having
different crystal
structure at
different
temperature
And when carbon is added in iron, it
form the iron alloy called Steel.
Alloy means a material that has metallic
properties and is composed of two or
more chemical elements of which at o e c e ca e e e s o c a
least one is a metal.
In this presentation we will discuss the
iron carbon alloy and its phase diagram.
T
e
m
p
e
Carbon content
r
a
t
u
r
e
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Ferrite % carbon up to 0.006%
Phase solid ferrite
Pearlite when carbon content reaches
0 83% 0.83%
Phase solid Pearlite or (ferrite + cementite)
Cementite when carbon content increased
up to 1.7%.
Phase solid Pearlite + cementite
Austenite
> is the structure above the eutectoid
point or the phase above the critical
temperature of 723 deg C ( 1333 deg F)
Phase solid
Most heat treatment process should reach first
the austenitic structure (homogenous) prior to
cooling to reach the desired material
properties.
-Improve the toughness
- Improve the machinability
- Increase the hardness
- Refine the grain structure
- Increase the ductility - Increase the ductility
-Remove the residual stresses
- Improve the wear resistance
Pearlite
Bainite
Martensite
Pearlite structure
produced when austenite is cooled in very slow
rates.
Bainite
is a result when austenite is cooled at a rate
(controlled temperature) lower than what is needed
to form martensite.
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Martensite
a microstructure produced after quenching
Quenching
- The process of cooling austenite very
rapidly or at a controlled rate to achieve rapidly or at a controlled rate to achieve
a desired microstructure.
* The rapid cooling suppresses the
formation of austenite to + Fe3C
Use/applications - materials that demand a
hard material (e.g. knives, razor blades,
surgery tools, cutting tools, etc).
The addition of carbon to
steel causes the material to
freeze over a temperature
range and form another
structure with improve
ti properties.
Carbon has the effect of
increasing hardness and
strength by heat treatment.
This is the main reason why
carbon steel is widely used in
the engineering industry
No one is knowledgeable
enough to know everything
So take time to read and learn
new things new things.
- Thank you very much for your time -