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  • Concept Map AAA

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    Sandrine Barredo
    479 views6 pages
    This document outlines the pathophysiology and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It describes the process as beginning with predisposing factors like age, gender, and smoking that cause damage to the aortic wall. Over time, this results in thinning of the wall, loss of elastic tissue, and accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells that form plaques. The plaques enlarge the vessel and put it at risk of rupture, which can lead to hemorrhage and death. Complications of AAA include embolism, hypertension, renal failure, and shock due to blood loss from rupture. Signs and symptoms may include back or abdominal pain, pulsations, and hypotension. Diagnostic tests involve ultrasound, CT

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    pathophysiology of AAA

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    This document outlines the pathophysiology and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It describes the process as beginning with predisposing factors like age, gender, and smoking that cause damage to the aortic wall. Over time, this results in thinning of the wall, loss of elastic tissue, and accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells that form plaques. The plaques enlarge the vessel and put it at risk of rupture, which can lead to hemorrhage and death. Complications of AAA include embolism, hypertension, renal failure, and shock due to blood loss from rupture. Signs and symptoms may include back or abdominal pain, pulsations, and hypotension. Diagnostic tests involve ultrasound, CT

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as xlsx, pdf, or txt
    479 views6 pages

    Concept Map AAA

    Uploaded by

    Sandrine Barredo
    This document outlines the pathophysiology and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It describes the process as beginning with predisposing factors like age, gender, and smoking that cause damage to the aortic wall. Over time, this results in thinning of the wall, loss of elastic tissue, and accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells that form plaques. The plaques enlarge the vessel and put it at risk of rupture, which can lead to hemorrhage and death. Complications of AAA include embolism, hypertension, renal failure, and shock due to blood loss from rupture. Signs and symptoms may include back or abdominal pain, pulsations, and hypotension. Diagnostic tests involve ultrasound, CT

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as xlsx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Predisposing factors:

    - Age: 67 years old


    - Gender: male
    - Genetics
    Precipitating factors:
    - Cigarette smoking
    - Atherosclerosis
    - Trauma
    - Hypertension
    - Obesity,diet (high
    cholesterol and fat), lack
    High wall tension
    Hypermeable vessels allow establishment
    of chemotactic gradients for endothelial
    cell migration
    Elimination of elastin from the media
    Increased expression and activity of
    matrix metalloproteinases
    Accumulation of lipids in foam cells, extracellular
    free cholesterol crystals, calcifications, thrombosis,
    and ulcerations
    Chemotactic gradient also allows
    recruitment of inflammatory cells
    Atherosclerosis
    reduced amount of vasa vasorum
    Medial Neovascularization
    Degradation of extracellular matrix in
    media allows endothelial cell migration
    Degradation of elastin and collagen
    Inflammatory Infiltration
    production of proteases
    Production of
    cytotoxic mediators
    Decrease in smooth muscle cells density
    Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
    Wall thinning and focal dilation
    Plaque formation
    Ulceration of the wall
    Damage of endothelial lining
    Development of intraluminal thrombus
    Narrows the vessel
    Hypertension
    Rupture of aneurysm
    Hemorrhage
    Death
    - Feeling of heart beat
    on the abdomen when
    lying
    - abdominal/back pain
    - Duplex
    ultrasonography
    - X-ray examination
    - Echocardiography
    - CT scan
    - MRI
    Altered comfort: Acute pain related
    to nerve compression
    Decreased cardiac output related
    to increased systemic vascular
    resistance
    Anxiety related to threat to health
    status
    Swept along with the blood and
    becomes an emboli
    Arterial embolism
    Emboli travels to the brain Emboli travels to the heart
    Stroke Myocardial infarction
    Death
    Emboli travels to the renal artery
    Complete blockage of blood flow
    Kidney failure
    Emboli lodges in the interosseous
    or digital artery
    Ineffective cerebral tissue
    perfusion related to occlusion in
    the carotid artery
    - Altered level of
    consciousness
    - restlessness
    - Changes in
    motor/sensory
    responses
    Excess Fluid Volume related
    to compromised regulatory
    mechanism
    - Intake greater than
    output
    - oliguria
    - changes in urine specific
    gravity
    - Decreased
    Hb/hematocrit (Hct)
    - altered electrolytes
    - Urinalysis
    - CBC
    - GCS
    Altered comfort: Acute
    pain related to coronary
    artery occlusion
    - chest pain
    - Restlessness
    - Facial grimacing
    - Fatigue
    - Peripheral cyanosis
    - Weak pulse
    - Pulse
    Risk for super infection
    related to presence of
    bacteria on the bladder
    Legends:
    Nursing dx------------------------
    Complications-------------------
    Signs and symptoms-----------
    Medications----------------------
    Surgical interventions---------
    Disease condition---------------
    Diagnostic tests------------------

    Hypovolemic shock
    - tachycardia
    - hypotension
    - pale clammy skin
    - decreased urine output
    -altered sensorium
    - abdominal tenderness on palpation
    - Diuretics
    - beta-blockers
    - ACE inhibitors
    - Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
    - Calcium channel blockers
    - Open aneurysm repair
    - Endovascular grafting
    Risk for fluid volume deficit related
    to hemorrhage
    Deficient knowledge (preoperative
    and postoperative care) related to
    newly identified need for aortic
    surgery
    cyanosis
    mottling of toes
    Ineffective peripheral tissue
    perfusion related to occlusion the
    digital artery
    Risk for super infection
    related to presence of
    bacteria on the bladder

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