1

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title pageI
Acknowledgement.II
Abstract.III
Chapter One.. 3
1.1 Introduction.. 3
1.2 Purpose of field work... 3
1.3 Aims and Objectives. 4
Chapter Two. 5
2.1 Sobi Hill... 5
2.2 Vegetations in Sobi Hills.... 5
2.3 Sobi soil types. 6
2.4 Geology of this area in Ilorin 6
2.5 Socio Economic importance of Sobi.. 7
CHAPTER THREE. 8
3.1 Hydrological and water resources in Ilorin.. 8
3.2 Asa Dam.. 8
3.3 Origin of Asa Dam. 8
3.4 Treatment of water in Asa Dam... 9
3.5 Socio economic importance of Asa dam.. 12
CHAPTER FOUR. 13
4.1 Ilorin Emirate 13
4.2.1 United foam industry. 16
2

4.2.2 The production process. 17
4.2.3 Raw materials used in foam production.. 18
4.2.4 Economic importance of industry. 18
4.2.5 Environmental consequences of industries. 19
4.3 International Aviation college,Ilorin... 19
CHAPTER FIVE.. 22
5.1 Children Specialist Hospital, Igboro. 22
5.2 Challenges facing the Hospital.. 24
Recommendation.. 25
Reference... 26












3

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Geography studies the natural attributes of the natural environment. It is an assemblage of several
branches of natural science. According to Hartshorne (1946), it is the study if area differentiation of
the earth surface. The functional school of thought define it as the study of mans relationship with
his environment.
These different definitions have led to what we call the concept of dualism in Geography i.e the
division of geography into physical and human Geography. Physical Geography studies climate,
vegetation and all biophysical features, while Human Geography studies the socio cultural
environment of man, population, economy, settlement, etc. these divisions are difficult to separate
because it is impossible to separate natural and human phenomena from the complex form they exist.
With this, we can say that geography is the study of the earths surface as the home of man.
A lot of people have argued, Geography is a science. It is a science because, it is interested in mans
use of space. It has moved from the study of static events to the study of dynamic events over time.
What makes science are Laws but, laws are also made in Geography. So, in essence, we conclude that
Geography is a science that studies spatial distribution of phenomena using specified laws.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE FIELD WORK
1. Field work helps Geography students to know the physical and human aspects of their discipline as
regards the study area in a career knowledge and insight of the study area.
2. Field work enables students to able to combine both practical and theoretical aspects of Geography
enabling them to have a clear view of their discipline.
3. Obsevations made and information gathered can be used in planning for the development of the
study area by an appropriate authority.
4. Field work enables students to know the implications of the features observed and the activities
going on in the study area.
5. Field work Geographers in testing, and building general models about geographical patterns and
differences regarding spatial phenomenon.


4

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aims of the field work is to enhance Geography students understanding of what was learnt in the
classroom, integrating both the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired in order to analyze
spatial features properly . This involves the observation and collection of data on which analysis are
drawn. The aims and objectives include the following:-
I . To access the data collected in order to arrive at a logical, comprehensive, and a realistic result.
ii. To carry out a complete and successful investigation into the nature of the phenomena found on the
field.
iii. To identify, describe, and analyze the phenomena within the vicinity of the study area.
iv. To extract a logical conclusion that can substantiate the knowledge of students about the subject of
study.
















5

CHAPTER TWO
SOBI HILLS
Sobi hills are the highest land mark in Ilorin. It is an Inselberg and it is a basement complex rock. It
has a height of about 349m above sea level. The downhill of Sobi can be regarded as RUWAREDS.
Ruwareds are gentle sloping hill.
The formation of Sobi hills can be as a result of volcanic eruption considering the work of FREEZE
that generated Covering and uncovering processes through denudation activities.

Fig 2.1. SOBI HILLS



2.1 VEGETATION IN SOBI
Vegetation is he plant cover of a place. It can be scattered or clustered. In Sobi, we have some places
to be scattered vegetation while others are clustered vegetation. This is due to the activities of man
because it is believed theat 1000years ago, Sobi was a thick forest. Therefore, the vegetation cover of
Sobi is secondary vegetation. When you stand at the top of the hill, you will view that Ilorin town is a
HALF MOON.
6


Fig 2.2 SOBI HILLS VEGETATION.

2.2 SOBI SOIL TYPE
According to GROOVE, every soil is fertile. No soil resource is useless, it only depend on the use you
subject it to.
Soil is the aggregation of weathered materials from rocks and it contains air, water, mineral matter,
and micro organisms. Soil in Sobi is FERROGENOUS. It is reddish in colour. Americans call it
UTISOLS.
2.3 GEOLOGY OF THIS AREA AND ILORIN ENVIRONMENT.
ILORIN is unplayed by Precambrian complex rock of older granite. Many outcrops of this basement
appear along low line river belt. The rock sequence is composed of branded gneiss, granite and
intrusive unit composed mainly of pegmatite. In some places, these rocks have been greatly
weathered giving rise to some pocket of weathered sand and clay lens. The rock are neither permeable
nor porous in some places according to Oyegun(1983). The soil type belongs mainly to the
ferruginous tropical types of crystalline acidic rocks. The geology of this nature explains the reason
why the area is easily given to denudation activities. The breaking down of these rocks led to the
formation of the surrounding soils. (Dr. Ajibade in Geography department, UNILORIN).




7

2.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SOBI HILLS
1. It is a tourist point.
2. The surrounding soil that was formed from the rock is very good for Agriculture.
3. It contain metals. This can be known using a SEISMOGRAPH. A seismograph is an
automatic instrument used in checking rock composition.
4. It aids communication because of the Radio Kwara.
5. It serves as a place of refuge.
6. It serves a a barrier for the prevailing winds and thereby affecting the climate of the area.
7. It is a historical landmark and trait to every indigene of Ilorin.
It serves as a religious centre because religious activities are a major activity on and around the hill.
For this, you can see muslims and Christians praying together around the hill.

















8

CHAPTER THREE
ASA DAM (WATER COPERATION)

3.1 HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCE OF ILORIN, KWARA STATE.
Hydrology is a science that deals with the movement. Circulation and distribution of water resources
on the earth. The hydrological condition of earth is essential to understanding life support system
(adapted from a textbook on environmental geography).
However, water has to be well managed as aresource in order to be utilizing it properly. Water
management is one of the oldest environmental activities. The basic aim of its flow(adapted from a
textbook on environmental geography). Therefore, I order for us to have more knowledge on
hydrology and water resources, we were taken to Asa Dam Ilorin.

Fig.3.1
3.2 ORIGIN OF ASA DAM
The population of Ilorin was growing and there was need for improved health care delivery system.
Therefore, there was a need to increase the service level of water because
The amount of water used per person in a day is the level of ones social well being (Dr. Ifabiyi).
9

Agba Dam was launched in 1952 and it provided Ilorin with water. Later on, the dam became
inadequate due to population increase; then Asa dam was constructed and commissioned about
seven years ago to supply water to the Ilorin metropolis.
Asa dam has its source from a small a stream at ASA LOCAL GOVERNMENT. The extent of the
dam is about 650m and the depth of about 30m, built between 1976 and 1978 and commissioned by
the late Brigadier Musa YarAdua on 24
th
June, 1978 with a capacity of 12 million gallons of water
per day.

FIG.3.2 ASA DAM

3.3 WATER SUPPLY IN ILORIN
Water resource in Ilorin is managed by Kwara state water works corporation (KWWC). According to
world health organisation, each head requires 100 gallons of water per day. This implies that Ilorin
requires about 40 million gallons of water per day but, only able to produce 11 million gallons of
water per day.
3.4 TREATMENT OF WATER IN ASA DAM
The pipe that takes water into the treatment plant and to the reservoirs in town is called RISING
MILL. There are two pumps; raw water pump and treated water pump:
Processes involved in water purification in Asa dam are as follows:
1. Aeration: this is the process of adding oxygen to the water. This is done in the AERATION
UNIT.
10

2. Coagulation: This is done by adding coagulants like alum e.g ferric sulphate, sodium
aluminate etc. this is done in order to make the water clearer.
3. Flocculation: This is the process of mixing the coagulants homogenously with the water. It is
done in the FLOCCULATION CHAMBER.
4. Sedimentation: The water moves into the sedimentation or SETTLING TANKS and settles
down. The SLUDGE (Sediments) settle on the SLUDGE BLANKET and then an automatic
value opens every one hour to reduce the sludge level.
Laminae plates: this is used to reduce the rising velocity of the water. This is done so that the
sludge will not rise above the clean water.

5. Filtration: This is the processing of filtrating the particles that has not been sedimented. It is
done in the FILTER MEDIA. These particles are tiny dirt that escaped from the
sedimentation tank and they are called FLOCS. When the filter clogs, the filtration rate was
reduced. The filter is washed through the BACKWASHING SYSTEM.
6. Chlorination: The filtered water sinks down and goes into CHLORIMETER that mixes the
chlorine with the water in order to treat the water from micro organisms.
11

FIG.3.3 LAMINAE PLATE.


3.5 PROBLEMS FACING ASA DAM
1. The capacity of the law and high lift pump station is not sufficient for the daily target.
2. Inadequate water purifying chemicals.
3. Erratic water supply.
4. Bad condition of water treatment plant.
5. Environmental changes e.g. drought and excessive rainfall.
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3.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ASA DAM.
As our people will say water is life.
1. It is source revenue for government.
2. It is a source of water for Ilorin.
3. It can serve as irrigation to farmers.
4. It helps in regulating the climate of the adjacent land.






































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CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 ILORIN EMIRATE
The Ilorin Emirate is a traditional state based on the city of Ilorin in Kwara State, Nigeria. It is
considered to be one of the Banza Bakwai, or copy-cats of the Hausa Kingdoms.
At the start of the 19th century Ilorin was a border town in the northeast of the Oyo Empire, with a
mainly Yoruba population but with many Hausa-Fulani immigrants or slaves. It was the headquarters
of an Oyo General, Afonja, who rebelled against the empire and helped, bring about its collapse with
the assistance of the Fulani. The rebellion was powered by Hausa, Nupe and Bornu Moslem slaves.
Afonja had been assisted by Salih Janta, also called Shehu Alimi, a leader of the local Fulani. In 1824
Afonja was assassinated and Alimi's son Abdusalami became Emir. Ilorin became an emirate of the
Sokoto Caliphate.
EMIRS PALACE ILORIN

Fig 4.1
For some time Ilorin was a major center of the slave trade. In the past slaves had mainly been sent
north across the Sahara, but now they were being sent south via the Yoruba lands to the coast to
supply demand from the USA, the West Indies and Brazil. Slaves were taken from the Igbo lands to
the east and from conquered Yoruba towns, as well as from areas further to the north, and were traded
for cloth and other goods. Ilorin continued to expand southward until it was checked in the 1830s by
the growing power of Ibadan, an Oyo successor state. The Ilorin cavalry were ineffective in the jungle
to the south, and by the 1850s Ibadan had access to guns from European traders on the coast.


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THE MAJOR ATTRIBUTE OF ILORIN CENTRAL MOSQUE
The Ilorin central mosque was founded in the year 1820 this was followed in 1835 when another
central mosque was built in idi ape during the reign of the first emir of Ilorin ,Abdulsalam .However
more than a century later this central mosque could no longer cope with the phenominal growth of
the population of muslim UMMAH of the city.For this reason in 1974 the ninth emir of Ilorin Alhaji
Dr Zulkaniani Gambari invited grand multi-Alhaji muhammed kamal-u-deen and the present Wazirin
Ngiri of Ilorin,Dr abubakar sola Saraki to coordinate the funding raising and the construction of a
new central mosque befitting of the statues of Ilorin as a city of islam.
On April 30
th
1987 the foundation was laid for the mosque by the Emir of Gwandu on behalf
of the sarki musulim;Sultan Abubakar3. At the time the new Ilorin central mosque was completed
and officially opened in 1981 by the formal president Alhaji shehu shagari.
Today the mosque is generally decapitated with visible structural defects like cracks showing
on some of the colums.The concrete walls and the dooms causing profuse leakages in a number of
locations.The glass mosaic finishes on the walls and marble floors are cracked or chipped off making
the mosaic look generally rough and unsightly.Similarly,are the auxiliary structures like toilet
buildings and the steel strachions are either dysfunction or completely bad.
In 2007

Fig.4.2
the rehabilitation,re-establishment and redecoration of the central mosque started in an effort to
restore this important cultural icon, when Alhaji Dr Ibrahim Zulu Gambari,CFR the eleventh Emir of
Ilorin ,with great assistance from Dr Abubakar Bukola Saraki,the Waziri of Ilorin and the executives
governor of kwara state, set up a technical committee headed by Alhaji Shehu Abdulgarfar,on
rehabilitation of the central mosque. The committee as worked effectively and had invited experts
15

from specialists in mosque construction from all around the world, especially from Saudi Arabia, the
UAE(United Arab Emirate)in Nigeria
In addition to the general restoration of enhancement of the mosque, it will now have a
total of 99domes of different diameter,75 feet above the floor. The large dome will be of
gold finish while the four big domes around will be coated in green and reflective
illumination.The mosque form is enveloped within a pyramid shape of square base 45
inclination for these faces.It has four accessible minerite each standing at the height of150
feets.Moreover,all the dilapidated domes and minarete with mosaic finishing will be
restored and finished with cut to marble.The exterior and interior will also be covered by
special marble while the expanded courtyard will be constructed with heat absorbing

Fig. 4.3
granite(marble) finish.The door and the windows will be replaced with specially designed
ones befitting a new mosque concept
ADDED FACILITIES INCLUDES;
1.Three modern ablution centres with toilet facilities,each able to hold 100 worshippers at a time
2.A well equipped multi purpose hall
3.An Islamic library with modern facilities
4.A modern car park
5.A modern lighting equipment,air conditioners and long range speakers for sallat calls among others
e.t.c.



16

Rulers of the Ilorin Emirate:
Start End Ruler
1817 1824 Oba Afonja
1824 1842 Abdusalami dan Salih Alimi
1842 1860 Shita dan Salih Alimi
1860 1868 Zubayro dan Abdusalami
1868 1891 Shita Aliyu dan Shita
1891 1896 Moma dan Zubayru
1896 14 January 1914 Sulaymanu dan Aliyu
1915 November 1919 Shuaybu Bawa dan Zubayru
17 February 1920 June 1959 Abd al-Qadiri dan Shuaybu
30 June 1959 1991
Zulkarnayni Gambari dan Muhammadu
Laofe "Aiyelabowo V"
1992 August 1994 Malam dan Abd al-Qadiri
1995

Ibrahim Kolapo dan Gambari






4.2. UNITED FOAM INDUSTRY
Manufacturing industry is defined as the turning of raw materials into new products by mechanical
or chemical processes at home (cottage) or in the factory (Essential Geography Textbook).

4.2.1 UNITED FOAM INDUSTRY, ILORIN.
The United foam industry, Ilorin was established in1982 by the Kwara state government and was
known as Kwara foams industry. This industry was later sold to private industrialists as a part of the
government privatization programmes in the 90s as at today. The industry produces foams and
mattresses for both household and industry.
17

Fig:4.4

4.2.2 THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
The basic principle behind foam production is POLYMERIZATION which is the combination
of two or more molecules (monomers), to foam a bigger molecules (polymers).
The raw materials are stored in the holding and pumped into the mixing chamber through the pumps.
The mixing chamber mixes the raw material homogenously and it falls on the fall plate and goes into
the conveyors. As the raw material is coming out of the mixing chamber, it changes viscosity from
liquid to semi solid called CREAM to solid called BLOCK. On the conveyor, THE CUT OFF
MACHINE divides the block into differences sizes.
18


FIG 4.5


4.2.2 RAW MATERIALS USED IN FOAM INDUSTRY
Foam industry is a weight loosing industry i.e. the product is lighter than the raw material.
Most of the raw materials are out sourced 12,000km away from the factory.
The raw materials are: Polyon, T.D.I Toluene disotynate, Amine, cloth, Tin - 2 actuate silicone,
ethylene chloride, water, pigment (colour), and calcium carbonate.
At least, for each production, eight of the raw materials must be used, pigment, and calcium can be
excluded (Ben Sobola, a 2001 geography student, UNILORIN).

FACTORS AFFECTING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION.
i. Capital: this refers to assets which are provided by the entrepreneur to create products. In
most cases this involve financial provision among such uses are procuring of raw
materials and infrastructure and payment of salary.
ii. Land; land is essential for building and construction of fixed assets and industrial layout.
At times government provides and subsidizes these. This is what the state government
does to woo industrialists to the state.
iii. Raw materials availability is important for citing of industry. Locating to areas closest to
raw material is common to weight lose industries while weight gain industries are located
nearest to the market.
iv. Labour: Both skilled and unskilled labours are necessary for the industries and
industrialist which often look for the least cost location where labour is cheapest to bring
in much profit. Some industries are labour intensive while others are not.
19

v. Market: Goods produced are to be sold in the markets and thus some products are market
intensive as they are drawn to market sites.
vi. Power: The most notable power needed by industries today is electricity. Most industries
are also investing on alternative power sources today to supplement electricity.
vii. Infrastructures: Other infrastructures such as roads, water, and communications are also
essential at times they are also produced by the government.
viii. Government intervention: Government may decide to participate in industrial location as
well as in encouraging industrial locations and movement.
ix. Entrepreneurial decision making: The industrialist may decide to locate the industry
anywhere against all advises, at times to encourage industrial development in home towns
and state.

4.2.3 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIES
The industrial development is important because it gives support to sustain growth in national or state
development in the following ways:
1. It is a source of revenue to the government (both the state and national) in form of taxes and
revenues with the government providing social infrastructures.
2. It is a source of a labour and employment to the citizens.
3. It is a source of income to the industrialists, workers and cash development within the society.
4. It is a source of infrastructural provision and city development.
5. Industry is regarded as an engine of growth in national development.


4.2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF INDUSTRIES
1. Air pollution and emission of greenhouse components into the atmosphere.
2. Water pollution and environmental degradation from industrial pollutant and bye products.
3. Health hazard to industrial workers and people living within the vicinity of industries.
4. Noise pollution and aerial disturbance to residential areas.
5. Occasion industrial accidents within the industrial set ups.


4.3 INTERNATION AVIATION COLLEGE, ILORIN.
International Aviation College, Ilorin is a new aviation institution established by the Kwara
State Government but planned to be jointly owned with the private sector. It is established to
train different professionals for the rapidly expanding Nigerian and international aviation
industry including pilots (fixed and rotary wing), cabin crew, air traffic controllers and
aircraft engineers.
20


Fig 4.6

The college is located in Ilorin, Kwara State in central Nigeria. The city is geographically
ideal for flying because of its all year round good flying weather and flat topography. The
first programme is the ab-initio training of fixed wing pilots. The training we offer will bring
a student from zero to acquisition of a commercial pilot's licence in 18 months.
21


Fig.4.7








22

CHAPTER FIVE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT.
Health care provision in Ilorin is under the concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of
government and because of the mixed nature of her economy, there is also the copious presence of the
primary health care providers playing significant roles in the health care delivery system in the
country. The health care delivery system in Nigeria is as a reflection of her social and cultural profile.
for instance, the country consist of thirty-six states and the federal capital territory (FCT) in habit by
about 250 ethnic groups made up of over 140million people. It also has a multiple religious groups
and governed under a three tier government at the local, state and the federal levels .In cities we have
layers of health care system and they are three in numbers; tertiary, secondary and primary.
Tertiary health care system: The federal government role is mostly limited to coordinating the
activities of the various teaching hospitals and the federal medical centres.
Secondary health care system: The state government manages the various general hospitals
Primary health care system: The local government focus is on dispensaries.
All these are classified as orthodox medicine specialist and they are hierarchy of authority.
5.1 CHILDREN SPECIALIST HOSPITAL ILORIN, IGBORO.
Health is the function of the environment. That is health is related directly to the environment where
man live. Within the environment, there are two important, agents of diseases. Diseases dont just
exist in an environment, they are transmitted through agents. Man is also the host of diseases. If a man
lives in an environment without being in contact with an agent of disease, he will remain healthy and
will not need to interact but, once the agent has contact with the man, one of two things will happen.
The spread of that interaction is known as the pro pathogenesis stage. At that stage, one of two
things will also happen. Firstly, is that the man has immunity or he has insufficient doses of the agent
in other words the contact of that man with the agent is not enough or strong enough to count or he
has a stronger immunity that can rebuild the agent or he has weak immunity and therefore the agent
causes a disease. Therefore we call that STAGE as in a stage of sickness of sickness has occurred.
One of the two things that happen is treatment. The treatment stage is called the INTERVENTION
stage. This is when one has to be taken to the hospital and that is why we need these various hospital
facilities.
The wellbeing foundation which was founded in 2003out of the abundance of compassion and
uncommon ability for effective actions her founder and President Mrs. Toyin Saraki the then First
Lady of Kwara state during the Bukola Saraki regime. This organisation helped in the complete
renovation of the one defunct hospital situated in Igboro. Some of the renovations include:
- Borehole for a source of clean pipe borne water, hitherto unavailable.
- Childrens ward fully equipped.
- Isolation ward (fully equipped).
- Doctor consulting room
- Nurse bay
- Mosquito netting throughout the facility
- Bathrooms in maternity unit
- Donation of ambulance.
23

All these revived the hospital and reduced drastically, the children mortality in Igboro and Ilorin at
large. This has also led to the delivery of better health care service to both the expectant and nursing
mothers as the hospital is now capable and fully ready to cater to the health of the Ilorin residents.



Fig. 5.1
Some of the various departments present in this hospital are:
24

- Theatre (the surgery room): Where various surgery operations are perfumed.
- Laboratory investigation: Where the various clinical tests are carried out.
- Nutritional department: This department caters to the nutritional health of the in patients of
the hospital.
- HIV unit: This is a special unit for the HIV infected patient and other HIV related medical
issues.
- Emergency paediatric unit: This unit deals with children related emergency cases brought to
the hospital.
Other departments include; X-ray department, pharmaceutical, National programme immunization
unit,etc.

5.2 CHALLENGES FACING THE HOSPITAL.
There are host of issues that challenge the effectiveness of health care delivery system in Ilorin. These
varies from the disease environment ,the size and extent of the city and the social cultural
environment in which health care and ill health take place some of which: Diseases characteristics,
differences in health resources, poor power supply, poor road, air borne sanitation and water
purification, poverty and location.

















25




RECOMMENDATION
Field work is a curriculum(obligation) that helps geography students in the acquisition of
skills and gathering of primary information about any hypothesis from its original source and
also assist their verifying the falsification of any hypothesis.
Therefore, field work is recommended to students especially geographers so that they can
have a good knowledge about their discipline.






















26




REFERENCES

1. NAGEL: Advanced Geography
Oxford university press, New York.
2. B.O Adeleke and Goh Cheng Leong: Certificate in Physical and Human Geography,
west Africa Edition. University press, Ltd. Ibadan
3. William M.M and John M.G. Environment geography
4. Wattes, S and Haviwell., Essential Environmental geography 1
st
ed.
5. I. Wena O.A. Essential Geography. (2002).
6. Hadiman, M. and Madgley J. Socials dimensions and development 2
nd
ed.