1

Distribution Panel
Light
Circuits
C1
C2
C1
C2
Circuit 1: Load Current
Normal Light: 9x100 Watt
Light Current:
A 75 . 3
) 1 ( 240
900
I
b
= == = = == =
Circuit 1: Load Current
Normal Light: 9x100 Watt
Light Current:
The type and rating of protective
device is: 10 A circuit breaker.
A 10 I
n
= == =
A 75 . 3
) 1 ( 240
900
I
b
= == = = == =
2
Circuit Breaker
Characteristic
Curves
Fault Current
B
r
e
a
k
i
n
g

T
i
m
e
Circuit Breakers are used
for protecting the
electric circuits
from:
Short Circuits faults
due to insulation
failure.
Over current due to
increasing load
magnitude.
Normal Operating Region
Circuit 1: Correction Factors
Ambient
Temperature
Typeof insulation
(C) 70C p.v.c
25 1.03 (1.03)
30 1.00 (1.00)
35 0.94 (0.97)
40 0.87 (0.94)
Ambient Temperature= 35
o
C
A 75 . 3
) 1 ( 240
900
I
b
= == = = == =
94 . 0
10
C
I
I
a
n
Z
= == = = == =
A 64 . 10 I
Z
= == =
Circuit 1: Wiring Selection
Crosssectional area In conduit Volt drop Volt drop
(mm) (A) (mV/A/m) (mV/A/m)
- 2 cables 2 cables 3 or 4 cables
1.0 11.0 44.0 38.0
1.5 14.5 29.0 25.0
2.5 19.5 18..0 15.0
4.0 26.0 11.0 9.5
Current ratings and volt drops for unsheathed
single core p.v.c. insulated cables
From the Table:
(2 x 1 mm
2
) can carry up to 11 A
And Voltage Drop=44 mV/A/m C1
C2
1000
length ) m / A / mV ( I
D . V
b

= == =
V 075 . 9
1000
55 44 75 . 3
. D . V = == =

= == =
Circuit length =55 m
4% of 240 V, is 9.6 V
A 64 . 10 I
Z
= == =
3
A 416 . 10
) 1 ( 240
2500
I
b
= == = = == =
Circuit 6: Load Current
W.H: 1.5kW+1kW
W.H Current:
AC
AC
7
10
6
8
9
5
A 416 . 10
) 1 ( 240
2500
I
b
= == = = == =
Circuit 6: Load Current
W.H: 1.5kW+1kW
W.H Current:
The type and rating of
protective device is:
15 A Earth leakage
circuit breaker.
A 15 I
n
= == =
Circuit 6: Correction Factors
Ambient
Temperature
Typeof insulation
(C) 70C p.v.c
25 1.03 (1.03)
30 1.00 (1.00)
35 0.94 (0.97)
40 0.87 (0.94)
Ambient Temperature= 35
o
C
8 . 0 94 . 0
15
C C
I
I
g a
n
Z

= == =

= == =
A 95 . 19 I
Z
= == =
A 416 . 10
) 1 ( 240
2500
I
b
= == = = == =
Correction factors for groups
of cables
Enclosed or clipped
Number of
circuits
Correction factor
Cg
2 0.80
3 0.70
4 0.65
Circuit 5 and 6 are grouped
together
Circuit 6: Wiring Selection
Crosssectional area In conduit Volt drop Volt drop
(mm) (A) (mV/A/m) (mV/A/m)
- 2 cables 2 cables 3 or 4 cables
1.0 11.0 44.0 38.0
1.5 14.5 29.0 25.0
2.5 19.5 18..0 15.0
4.0 26.0 11.0 9.5
Current ratings and volt drops for unsheathed
single core p.v.c. insulated cables
From the Table:
(2 x 4 mm
2
) can carry up to 26 A
And Voltage Drop=11 mV/A/m
1000
length ) m / A / mV ( I
D . V
b

= == =
V 58 . 4
1000
40 11 416 . 10
. D . V = == =

= == =
Circuit length =40 m
AC
AC
7
10
6
8
9
4% of 240 V is 9.6 V
A 95 . 19 I
Z
= == =
5
4
Example:
A 415 V 50 Hz three-phase motor with an output of 8 kW, power factor
0.8 and efficiency 85%. The motor is to be wired using PVC insulated
cable. The length of run from the circuit breaker is 50 m. The cable
shares the conduit with another similar cable and the ambient
temperature is 45C.
Find the rating and size of the correct cable.
3 Phase
Motor
A B C
415 V , 8 kW
0.8 power factor
85% efficiency
3 phase, 20A
C.B.
Cross
sectional area
Inconduit Inconduit
Clipped
direct
Clipped
direct
Volt drop Volt drop
(mm) (A) (A) (A) (A) (mV/ A/ m) (mV/ A/ m)
- 2core 3or 4core 2core 3or 4core 2core 3or 4core
1.0 11.0 10.0 15.0 13.5 44.0 38.0
1.5 14.0 13.0 19.5 17.5 29.0 25.0
2.5 18.5 17.5 27.0 24.0 18.0 15.0
4.0 25.0 23.0 36.0 32.0 11.0 9.5
6.0 32.0 29.0 46.0 41.0 7.3 6.4
10.0 43.0 39.0 63.0 57.0 4.4 3.8
16.0 57.0 52.0 85.0 76.0 2.8 2.4
Current ratings and volt drops for sheathed
multi-core p.v.c.-insulated cables
Correction factors to current rating
for ambient temperature (Ca)
Ambient temperature Typeofinsulation
(C) 70Cp.v.c 85Crubber
25 1.03 1.02
30 1.00 1.00
35 0.94 0.95
40 0.87 0.90
45 0.79 0.85
50 0.71 0.80
55 0.61 0.74
Correction factors for groups
of cables
Enclosed or clipped
Number of
circuits
Correction factor
Cg
2 0.80
3 0.70
4 0.65
Solution:
3 Phase
Motor
A B C
415 V , 10 kW
0.8 power factor
85% efficiency
3 phase, 20A
C.B.
% 100
I nput
Output
Efficiency = == =
% 100
Efficency
Output
I nput = == =
% 100
85 . 0
8000
I nput = == = kW 411 . 9 I nput = == =
) cos( V 3
P
I
LL
b

= == =
The Load Current
A 37 . 16
) 8 . 0 ( 415 3
9411
I
b
= == = = == =
A 37 . 16 I
b
= == = A 20 I
n
= == =
A 6 . 31
80 . 0 79 . 0
20
I
Z
= == =

= == =
Correction factors to current rating
for ambient temperature (Ca)
Ambient temperature Typeofinsulation
(C) 70Cp.v.c 85Crubber
25 1.03 1.02
30 1.00 1.00
35 0.94 0.95
40 0.87 0.90
45 0.79 0.85
50 0.71 0.80
55 0.61 0.74
Correction factors for groups
of cables
Enclosed or clipped
Number of
circuits
Correction factor
Cg
2 0.80
3 0.70
4 0.65
g a
n
Z
C C
I
I

= == =
80 . 0 C
g
= == =
79 . 0 C
a
= == =
5
Cross
sectional area
Inconduit Inconduit
Clipped
direct
Clipped
direct
Volt drop Volt drop
(mm) (A) (A) (A) (A) (mV/ A/ m) (mV/ A/ m)
- 2core 3or4core 2core 3or4core 2core 3or 4core
1.0 11.0 10.0 15.0 13.5 44.0 38.0
1.5 14.0 13.0 19.5 17.5 29.0 25.0
2.5 18.5 17.5 27.0 24.0 18.0 15.0
4.0 25.0 23.0 36.0 32.0 11.0 9.5
6.0 32.0 29.0 46.0 41.0 7.3 6.4
10.0 43.0 39.0 63.0 57.0 4.4 3.8
16.0 57.0 52.0 85.0 76.0 2.8 2.4
Current ratings and volt drops forsheathed
multi-core p.v.c.-insulated cables
A 6 . 31 I
Z
= == =
From the Table: (3 x 10 mm
2
) can carry up to 39 A
And Voltage Drop =3.8 mV/A/m
1000
length ) m / A / mV ( I
D . V
b

= == =
% 4 ! !! ! (( 4% of 415 V is 16.6 V))
V 11 . 3
1000
50 8 . 3 36 . 16
D . V = == =

= == = 16.6 V ! !! !
3 Phase
Motor
A B C
415 V , 8 kW
0.8 power factor
85% efficiency
3 phase, 20A
C.B.
3 x 10 mm
2
A 6 . 31 I
Z
= == = A 37 . 16 I
b
= == = A 20 I
n
= == =
V 11 . 3 D . V = == =
16.6 V
! !! !