ELECTRONIC BRAKE FORCE DISTRIBUTION

INTRODUCTION


Electronic brake force distribution is an automobile brake technology thatautomatically varies
the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes, basedon road conditions, speed,
loading, etc. Always coupled with anti-lock brakingsystems, EBD can apply more or less braking
pressure to each wheel in order tomaximize stopping power


When braking heavily in a car you get a dramatic forwards weight transfer. The bodypivots
forward, the front suspension is compressed, and more weight is transferred tothe front tyres.
More weight acting on the front tyres means more grip is available,and conversely the more
lightly laden rear wheels have less grip at their disposal.


an equal amount of braking force was applied to the front and rear wheels in a heavybraking
scenario, the lighter rear wheels would run out of grip first and be much moreprone to wheel lock
Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD) provides anautomatically adjusting bias depending
on conditions to ensure the front and rearaxles exert the most effective braking possible without
wheel lock. EBD systemswork in conjunction with ABS and use an electronically controlled
valve whichdiverts hydraulic pressure to the front and rear axles in real time according to
theconditions and scenario.


Electronic brake force distribution (EBFD) is a braking system that monitors factorslike vehicle
weight and road condition and adjusts the vehicle's braking forceaccordingly. Some vehicle
manufacturers provide EBFD as a standard feature


In a vehicle without electronic brake force distribution, brake force is distributedevenly to front
and rear tires every time the brakes are applied. Since vehicles tend toshift weight to the front
when braking, this can sometimes cause the rear brakes tolock, resulting in a potential skid


An electronic brake force distribution system uses sensors to monitor the condition of the road
and the vehicle's weight distribution to determine where the most brake forceis necessary. It
automatically increases or decreases force accordingly


The advantage of having an electronic brake force distribution system is that it
adjustsautomatically to a variety of conditions to ensure the brakes are used as efficiently
aspossible. It reduces the risk of brakes locking and prevents tire skids
WORKING OF EBD


Electronic Brake force Distribution always works in conjunction with the antilock brakes. It
completely differs from traditional braking technology



Talking about the traditional braking technology, when brake is applied, the brakefluid passes to
the brake cylinder where the pressure of the fluid pushes the piston out.This further pushes out
the brake pads and causes them to rub against the caliper. Thisrubbing creates friction and results
in locking of the wheels. To improve the stoppingpower antilock brakes were introduced to
monitor individual wheel speed and preventwheel lock up. The force that prevents wheel lock up
comes from the braking circuitthat detects extreme and rapid deceleration in any of the four car
wheels


Further it was realised that different amount of braking force is required to lock awheel rotating
on different types of road surfaces. This requirement was fulfilled withthe introduction of
electronic brakeforce distribution that detects different road andspeed conditions


For example, if a car takes a corner turn, one wheel of the car may be on mud, and theremaining
three on a smooth road surface. Under this situation, the wheel on the mudrequires a different
pressure than the one on the road for efficient performance.


Electronic Brake force Distribution works electronically to monitor such conditionsthrough
installed sensors. These sensors are designed and installed to monitor themovement of the wheels
and distribution of pressure in response to the conditionsmet.


The regulation and functioning of the EBD is controlled by the ABS ElectronicControl Unit.
Together, both these innovative car technologies help to optimizebraking performance and
provide a more precise braking under all possible conditions
Operation description



The skid control ECU receives speed signals from each speed sensor to detect the slipconditions
of the wheels and sends control signals to the solenoid.


The solenoid valve controls the brake fluid pressure of each wheel cylinder anddivides the
control power properly between the front and rear wheels and the right and


left wheels. The BRAKE warning light comes on to indicate malfunctions in the EBDsystem
ABS with EBD OPERATION
Based on the signals received from each of the 4wheel speed sensors, the skid control
ECUcalculates the speed and deceleration of each wheel, and checks the wheel
slippageconditions. The ECU controls the pressure holding valve and pressure reduction valve
inorder to adjust the brake fluid pressure of each wheel cylinder in accordance with theslippage
conditions


When a failure occurs in the ABS system, the ABS warning light comes on and itsoperation is
prohibited. In addition to this, when a failure which disables the EBDoperation occurs, the brake
warning light comes on and its operation is prohibited.


If control is prohibited due to a malfunction during operation, control is disabledgradually to
avoid sudden vehicle instability
FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENT
Front speed sensor


Detects the wheel speed and sends a signal to the skid control ECU.


The front speed sensor (semiconductor speed sensor) with the integrated bearing andthe sensor
rotor (magnetic sensor rotor) are installed on the front axle hub..


The magnetic field changes as the magnetic sensor rotor rotates. The semiconductorspeed sensor
detects the change and outputs it as the vehicle speed pulseSkid control sensor


The skid control sensor (semiconductor speed sensor) and the sensor rotor (magneticsensor rotor)
are installed on the rear axle carrier.


The skid control sensor has the same structure and functions as the front speed sensor.Skid
control ECU


Processes the signals from the sensors to control the brake actuation.


Sends and receives control signals to and from the ECM via CAN communicationBrake actuator


Consists of the master cylinder cut solenoid valve, holding solenoid valve, pumpmotor, and
reservoir, and adjusts the brake fluid pressure applied to each wheelcylinder. Houses the skid
control ECU.Solenoid relay



Supplies power to each solenoid.


Housed in the skid control ECUABS warning light


Illuminates to inform the driver that a malfunction in the ABS has occurred.Blinks to indicate
DTCs that relate to the ABS
BRAKE warning light



Illuminates to inform the driver that the parking brake is ON when the system isnormal, and
when the brake fluid has decreased.Illuminates to inform the driver that a malfunction in the
EBD has occurred
BENEFITS OF EBD


The advantage of having an electronic brake force distribution system is that it
adjustsautomatically to a variety of conditions to ensure the brakes are used as efficiently
aspossible. It reduces the risk of brakes locking and prevents tire skids.


Utilization of driving stability, wear, temperature stress and pedal force


The sensors are so sensitive, and the actuation is so quick that the system may correctdirection
before the driver reacts.


ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force tomake ESC
work effectively.




Supplies power to each solenoid.


Housed in the skid control ECUABS warning light


Illuminates to inform the driver that a malfunction in the ABS has occurred.Blinks to indicate
DTCs that relate to the ABS
BRAKE warning light



Illuminates to inform the driver that the parking brake is ON when the system isnormal, and
when the brake fluid has decreased.Illuminates to inform the driver that a malfunction in the
EBD has occurred
BENEFITS OF EBD


The advantage of having an electronic brake force distribution system is that it
adjustsautomatically to a variety of conditions to ensure the brakes are used as efficiently
aspossible. It reduces the risk of brakes locking and prevents tire skids.


Utilization of driving stability, wear, temperature stress and pedal force


The sensors are so sensitive, and the actuation is so quick that the system may correctdirection
before the driver reacts.


ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force tomake ESC
work effectively