EXPERIMENT # 3

11BIE043

Aim: Plot x and R chart for the observations of inner diameter of the base of a paper
cup.
Method: Firstly, we were instructed to take readings of the inner diameter of a paper
cup using digital Vernier calliper. Then each observation was replicated by 5
other students that is the sample size was 5. Also, 20 such samples were
taken.

Observations:


sample
no.
reading
1
reading
2
reading
3
reading
4
reading
5
1 51.43 51.3 51.4 51.21 51.35
2 51.2 51.6 51.5 50.77 51.5
3 51.2 51.35 51.35 51.62 51.43
4 51.4 51.35 51.2 50.38 51.46
5 51.3 51.4 51.45 50.92 50.88
6 51.4 51.5 51.25 51.38 51.9
7 51.4 51.1 51.3 51.37 51.49
8 51.3 51.07 50.55 51.15 51.35
9 51.4 51 51.35 51.42 51.32
10 51.18 51.2 51.26 51.38 51.36
11 51.53 50.8 51.75 51.67 51.64
12 51.45 51.8 51.6 51.65 51.68
13 51.44 51.2 51.8 51.58 51.73
14 51.2 51.5 51.7 51.58 51.57
15 51.6 51.36 51.67 51.05 51.03
16 51.23 51.4 51.6 51.3 51.59
17 51.58 51.42 51.5 51.74 51.68
18 51.23 51.6 51.15 51.31 51.4
19 52 51.8 51.9 51.76 52
20 51.9 51.6 52.1 51.79 51.8


Calculations:
The following formulae are used to compute the control limits:
1) For X bar chart: 2) For R chart:


EXPERIMENT # 3
11BIE043

Range
51.338 0.22
51.314 0.83
51.39 0.42
51.158 1.08
51.19 0.57
51.486 0.65
51.332 0.39
51.084 0.8
51.298 0.42
51.276 0.2
51.478 0.95
51.636 0.35
51.55 0.6
51.51 0.5
51.342 0.64
51.424 0.37
51.584 0.32
51.338 0.45
51.892 0.24
51.838 0.5




Results:
Particulars X-bar R
Average 51.4229 0.525
Std. Dev. 0.2068 0.24252
UCL 51.7257 1.11
LCL 51.1201 0



EXPERIMENT # 3
11BIE043

19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
51.8
51.6
51.4
51.2
51.0
Sample
S
a
m
p
l
e

M
e
a
n
_
_
X=51.4229
UCL=51.7257
LCL=51.1201
19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
Sample
S
a
m
p
l
e

R
a
n
g
e
_
R=0.525
UCL=1.110
LCL=0
1
1
1
5
X bar and R chart
Conclusion and Discussion :
Following rules are some sensitizing rules considered while analyzing control charts. If considered
data is satisfying all the following rules the process is in control.
1. One or more points outside of the control limits.
2. Six points in a row steadily increasing or decreasing.
3. Four of five consecutive points beyond the one-sigma limits.
4. A run of eight consecutive points on one side of the center line.
5. Two of three consecutive points outside the two-sigma warning limits but still inside the
control limits.
6. Fifteen points in a row in zone C (both above and below the center line).
7. Fourteen points in a row alternating up and down.
8. Eight points in a row on both sides of the center line with none in zone C.
9. An unusual or nonrandom pattern in the data.
10. One or more points near a warning or control limit.



EXPERIMENT # 3
11BIE043

From the above charts we can conclude the following:
For X-bar chart:-
As total of three points are out of the control limits which is a clear violation of rule#1; derived
from observation no. 8, 19, 20
There is also exist the violation of rule#5; derived from observation no. 5
That is why we can conclude that the process is out of control.

For R chart:-
Since all the points are within the control limits, so we can conclude that the process is in
control, or we could say that the variability of the process is in control.