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Lecture 7 - Finite Element Solution Process, Cont'd
Lecture 7 - Finite Element Solution Process, Cont'd
Lecture 7 - Finite Element Solution Process, Cont'd
Fall 09
MIT OpenCourseWare
Recall that we have established for the general system some expressions:
KU = R
(1)
K = K (m) ; R = RB + RS
m
K (m) =
B (m)T C (m) B (m) dV (m)
(2)
V (m)
T
B (m)T C (m)T B (m)T
dV (m) = K (m)
V (m)
Therefore, K is symmetric!
(m)
RB
(3)
V (m)
For statics, we use f B(m) , but for linear dynamics we must modify it:
(m)
u
f B(m)
(4)
B(m)
where f
is the body force vector excluding inertial loads, and accelerations are interpolated in the same
way as displacements.
Now, Eq. (1) becomes
M = M (m)
m
+ KU = R
MU
(m)
; M
=
H (m)T (m) H (m) dV (m)
(5)
V (m)
We need the initial conditions for U (t = 0) and U (t = 0). We will calculate only the element matrices
corresponding to the element nodes.
Example
Reading assignment: Example 4.5
K=
0 0
The nonzero elements in the rst term
element 2.
0
0 0 0
0 + 0 = +
0
0
0
Lecture 7
2.092/2.093, Fall 09
1
E
C=
1
1 2
0 0
xx
yy =
xy
v
x
u(x, y)
=
H
v(x, y)
28
21
H=
h1
0
h2
0
h3
0
1
2
u
x
v
y
u
y
u1
u2
u3
u4
v1
v2
v3
v4
81
h4
0
xx
yy
xy
h
u
i i i
= 4
hi vi
0
h1
0
h2
0
h3
0
h4
hi are called interpolation functions, and are dened as 1 at node i and zero at all other nodes.
2
Lecture 7
h1 (x, y) = 14 (1 + x)(1 + y)
h2 (x, y) = 14 (1 x)(1 + y)
h3 (x, y) = 14 (1 x)(1 y)
h4 (x, y) = 14 (1 + x)(1 y)
2.092/2.093, Fall 09
Lecture 7
2.092/2.093, Fall 09
h1,x
B= 0
h1,y
h2,x
0
h2,y
h3,x
0
h3,y
h4,x
0
h4,y
F (m) =
V
h1,y
h1,x
h2,y
h2,x
h3,y
h3,x
h4,y
h4,x
(A)
(m)
(B)
F (m) = R ; F (m) = F
B
m
V (m)
U r F (m) =
V (m)
T
Ur
T
U r B (m)T (m) dV (m)
In this expression,
represents a rigid body motion. Now we use rigid body motions corresponding
to translations and rotations.
Lecture 7
2.092/2.093, Fall 09
In general, to obtain the exact analytical solution, the following should be satised:
Dierential equilibrium both in the volume, and on the surface
Compatibility
Stress-strain law
For a properly formulated nite element procedure, the displacement interpolation functions ensure that
compatibility is satised. The stress-strain law is also enforced; however, dierential equilibrium is not
satised at every point in the continuum. Rather, equilibrium is only satised at every node and on each
element (see properties I and II above). As such, the nite element solution is approximate, and this
approximation becomes more accurate as the mesh is rened, or the interpolation order of the element is
increased.
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