Basics of Chartwork

Universitatea Maritima din Constanta Terrestrial Navigation
Assist. Prof. Costel STANCA

BASIS OF CHARTWORK
2
PLOTTING THE DEPARTURE
Plotting using the nautical triangle
Example: Z
1
(
1
= 4815.
4
N ;
1
= 03319.
2
E)
Latitude
First, we should have a look on the chart in order to estabilish the area
of the nautical chart where the departure is falling into: left/right,
up/down.
Lay off the first nautical triangle with the line from the middle of the
triangle such us to overlay the closest meridian to the left latitude scale;
Using the second triangle hypotenuse fix one of the first nautical triangle
legs. Keeping the second triangle fixed on the nautical chart you should
now advance the first, until its hypotenuse reaches the latitude
1
=
4815.
4
N;
Mark this latitude with a short line using the pencil, in the area where it
should meet the longitude
1
= 03319.
2
E.
3
PLOTTING THE DEPARTURE (cont.)
Longitude
Lay off the first triangle with the line from the middle of the triangle
such us to overlay the closest parallel line to the below longitude scale;
Using the second triangle hypotenuse fix one of the first nautical triangle
legs. Keeping the second triangle fixed on the nautical chart you should
now advance the first, until its hypotenuse reaches the longitude
1
=
03319.
2
E;
Mark this longitude with a short line using the pencil, in the area where
it should meet the latitude
1
= 4815.
4
N.
4
Plotting the latitude
48
15
20
33 20 25 30
5
Plotting the longitude
48
15
20
33 20 25 30
6
Plotting using the parallel ruler
Latitude
First, we should have a look on the chart in order to establish the area of
the nautical chart where the point is falling into, and also to identify the
closest meridian and the closest parallel to our point;
Lay off the parallel ruler horizontally with one of the rulers aligned
with the closest parallel to the ships position; Ex: = 4640N;
Keeping this aligned line fix you should advance the second line so that
to reach the latitude
2
= 4638.
2
N;
Mark this latitude with a short line using the pencil, in the area where it
should meet the longitude
2
= 04252E
7
Plotting using the parallel ruler
Longitude
Lay off the parallel ruler vertically, with one of the rulers aligned with
the closest meridian to the ships position; Ex: 04250E;
Keeping this aligned line fix you should advance the second line so that
to reach the longitude
2
= 04252E;
Mark this longitude with a short line using the pencil, in the area where
it should meet the latitude
2
= 4638.
2
N.
8
Plot the ships position using the compas
Step 1
Example:
3
= 4111.
1
N ;
3
= 02243
2
E)
First, we should have a look on the chart in order to establish the area of
the nautical chart where the point is falling into, and also to identify the
closest meridian and the closest parallel to our point;
Open the first compass on the latitude scale, with one leg on the closest
parallel to the ships position and the second leg to reach the latitude
3
= 4111.
1
N;
Open the second compass on the longitude scale, with one leg on the
closest parallel to the ships position and the second leg to reach the
longitude
3
= 02243
2
E;
9
10
13
45 42 22
41
4111.1
2243.2
1
2
10
Step 2
Lay off the first compass, opened such was explained in step one, with
one leg on the intersection of the closest parallel with the closest
meridian to the ships position, and cross the meridian with the second
leg;
Then fix one of the second compass legs, opened such was explained in
step one, with one leg on the intersection of the first compass with the
meridian, and draw a short circular arc, representing the longitude
3
=
02243
2
E;
11
10
13
45 42
22
41
4111.1
2243.2
1
2
12
Step 3
Repet the procedure from the step one, just invers the instruments;
Lay off the second compass, opened such was explained in step one,
with one leg on the intersection of the closest parallel with the closest
meridian to the ships position, and cross the parallel with the second
leg;
Then fix one of the first compass legs, opened such was explained in
step one, with one leg on the intersection of the first compass with the
meridian, and draw a short circular arc that intersect the first one
representing the latitude
3
= 4111.
1
N;
The intersection of the two small circular arcs represents the ships
position Z
3
.
13
10
13
45 42
22
41
4111.1
2243.2
1
2
14
READING THE COORDINATES FROM THE NAUTICAL CHARTS
For reading the plotted ships position from the nautical charts you
should follow the above mentioned steps but in inverse sequences.
The navigational tools that helps us to read the coordinates are: the
nautical triangles, the parallel rulers or the compass/dividers.
15
LAYING OUT THE COURSE LINE
Using the nautical triangle
Ex. The departure point is A ( = 2013.
5
S; = 03329.
3
E). From this point
the vessel proceeds in TC = 060
Steps:
Draw the departure point A;
Put the nautical triangle on the chart such us the center zero and the 60
degrees indication to overlay the closest meridian to the ships position;
Fix one of its legs with the other triangle (or a ruler);
Keep the second triangle (or the ruller) fix. Advance the first triangle
(maintaining all the time its leg on the second triangle hypotenuse, or on the
ruller), until its hypotenuse reaches the ships position A
Draw a line on the first triangle hypotenuse from the point A towards the first
quadrant; the angle between the true north and this line (true course line)
represents the true course of the ship;
Place an arrow above this course line and indicate its value using three digits,
Ex: 060.
16
A
20 15S
033 30E
29
14
13
0
6
0
17
Using the parallel ruler
Ex.The departure point is A ( = 4502.
3
N; = 04316.
3
W). From this point the
vessel proceeds in TC = 241.
Steps:
Draw the departure point A;
Put the parallel ruler on the chart such us one of the rulers to be aligned with the
center zero and the 241 degrees of the compass rose (the closest compass rose
to the ships position);
Keep one of the two rulers fix. Advance the other ruler (maintaining all the time
one of the rulers in a fix position), until it reaches the ships position A
Draw a line from the point A towards the third quadrant; the angle between the
true north and this line (true course line) represents the true course of the ship;
Place an arrow above this course line (with the heat into the proceeding
direction) and indicate its value using three digits, Ex: 241.
18
A
2
4
1
4315
20
45
2
19
20
LAYING OUT THE BEARING LINE
Steps: (Ex. TB = 140)
First you should identify on the nautical chart the Navigation Aid to which the
Bearing has been sight;
Put the nautical triangle on the chart such us the center zero and the 140
indication to overlay the closest meridian to the ships position;
Fix one of its legs with the other triangle (or a ruler);
Keep the second triangle (or the ruler) fix. Advance the first nautical triangle
(maintaining all the time its leg on the second triangle hypotenuse, or on the
ruler), until its hypotenuse reaches the ships position A;
Draw a line on the first triangle hypotenuse from the Navigation Aid (not exact
from the Nav Aid in order not to overlap the mark form the chart) towards the
ships position; the angle between the true north and this line (towards the Nav
Aid) represents the true bearing;
Place the time indicating the moment when the Nav Aid has been sight above
this true bearing line and below it indicate its value using three digits, Ex: 140.
21
LAYING OUT THE BEARING LINE
A

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Universitatea Maritima din Constanta Terrestrial Navigation

Assist. Prof. Costel STANCA

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