BAB A PENGENALAN PERALATAN RANGKAIAN

BAB A 1 Pengenalan kepada pemasangan rangkaian

1.1 Senarai dan kenalpasti jenis-jenis kabel rangkaian
14
Types of Copper Network Cables Types of Copper Network Cables
I I Coaxial Cables Coaxial Cables
I I Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP! Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP!
I I Shielded Twisted Pair STP ! Shielded Twisted Pair STP !
1"
Coaxial Cable Coaxial Cable
Coaxial #able is #o$prised of % Coaxial #able is #o$prised of %
I I Central #ond&#tor Central #ond&#tor
I I 'iele#tri# $aterial 'iele#tri# $aterial
I I Copper braid Copper braid
I I P(C ja#ket. P(C ja#ket.
P(C )a#ket
*raided Shield
'iele#tri#
Cond&#tor
1+
Coaxial Cable Chara#teristi#s Coaxial Cable Chara#teristi#s
I I The #enter #ond&#tor and the braided shield The #enter #ond&#tor and the braided shield
$ake &p the two paths of a signal #ir#&it. $ake &p the two paths of a signal #ir#&it.
I I Two types of #oaxial #able &sed in networks Two types of #oaxial #able &sed in networks
are% are%
, , -. -.- -+ 1/*ase"! Thi#knet #able. + 1/*ase"! Thi#knet #able.
, , -. -.- -"0 1/*ase1! Thinnet #able. "0 1/*ase1! Thinnet #able.
12
Unshielded Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair
10
Unshielded Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair
Chara#teristi#s Chara#teristi#s
I I Typi#al i$pedan#e is 1// oh$s. Typi#al i$pedan#e is 1// oh$s.
I I Contains fo&r pairs of 11 or 14 ga&ge solid Contains fo&r pairs of 11 or 14 ga&ge solid
#opper wire. #opper wire.
I I -elati3ely s$all dia$eter of /.124 $akes it -elati3ely s$all dia$eter of /.124 $akes it
easy to install. easy to install.
I I 5as no physi#al shielding. 5as no physi#al shielding.
I I Uses #an#ellation effe#t to red&#e #rosstalk Uses #an#ellation effe#t to red&#e #rosstalk
and 6789-:8 noise. and 6789-:8 noise.
1;
Categories of UTP Cables Categories of UTP Cables
I I Category 1 Category 1 - - Not -ated Not -ated
I I Category 1 Category 1 - - Telephone <iring Telephone <iring
I I Category = Category = - - 1/*ase 1/*ase- -T 6thernet T 6thernet
I I Category 4 Category 4 - - 1+ 7bs Token -ing 1+ 7bs Token -ing
I I Category " Category " - - 1//*ase 1//*ase- -T 6thernet T 6thernet
1/
Shielded Twisted Pair STP! Shielded Twisted Pair STP!
Shield 'rain <ire Shield 'rain <ire
11
Shielded Twisted Pair Shielded Twisted Pair
Chara#teristi#s Chara#teristi#s
I I >3ailable for% >3ailable for%
, , 1// oh$ 1/*ase 1// oh$ 1/*ase- -T T
, , 1"/ oh$ Token -ing 1"/ oh$ Token -ing
I I Utili?e both shielding and #an#ellation Utili?e both shielding and #an#ellation
interferen#e te#hni@&es. interferen#e te#hni@&es.
11
Typi#al :iber Apti# Cable Typi#al :iber Apti# Cable
J acket J acket Buffer Buffer
Cladding Cladding
Core Core
1=
:iber Apti# Cable Chara#teristi#s :iber Apti# Cable Chara#teristi#s
I I 8$$&ne to ele#tri#al interferen#e 8$$&ne to ele#tri#al interferen#e
I I 6xtre$ely se#&re 6xtre$ely se#&re
I I (ery low loss (ery low loss
I I (ery expensi3e to install and $aintain (ery expensi3e to install and $aintain
I I -e@&ires ele#tri#al -e@&ires ele#tri#al- -opti#al opti#al- -ele#tri#al signal ele#tri#al signal
#on3ersion #on3ersion
BAB A : 2 PENGENALAN KABEL
RANGKAIAN
1
Types of Cables Used 8n Networks Types of Cables Used 8n Networks
I I Copper Cables Copper Cables
I I :iber Apti# Cable :iber Apti# Cable
"
:a#tors >ffe#ting Copper Cable :a#tors >ffe#ting Copper Cable
Perfor$an#e Perfor$an#e
I I 8$pedan#e 8$pedan#e
I I 6le#tri#al 8nterferen#e 6le#tri#al 8nterferen#e
+
Cable 8$pedan#e Cable 8$pedan#e
I I -esistan#e -esistan#e
I I -ea#tan#e -ea#tan#e
2
Cable -esistan#e Cable -esistan#e
I I Apposes #&rrent flow. Apposes #&rrent flow.
I I 8s $eas&red in oh$s. 8s $eas&red in oh$s.
I I Can be $eas&red with an oh$$eter. Can be $eas&red with an oh$$eter.
I I 8s dire#tly proportional to #able length. 8s dire#tly proportional to #able length.
0
Cable -ea#tan#e Cable -ea#tan#e
I I Apposes Apposes #hanges #hanges in 3oltage or #&rrent. in 3oltage or #&rrent.
I I 8s rated in oh$s b&t #annot be $eas&red 8s rated in oh$s b&t #annot be $eas&red
with an oh$$eter. with an oh$$eter.
I I 8s the res&lt of #apa#itan#e and ind&#tan#e 8s the res&lt of #apa#itan#e and ind&#tan#e
between #ond&#tors. between #ond&#tors.
I I 'eter$ined by their dia$eter and spa#ing. 'eter$ined by their dia$eter and spa#ing.
;
8$pedan#e 8$pedan#e
I I8$pedan#e is the 3e#tor s&$ of 8$pedan#e is the 3e#tor s&$ of
resistan#e and rea#tan#e. resistan#e and rea#tan#e.
-ea#tan#e -ea#tan#e
-esistan#e -esistan#e
8
$
p
e
d
a
n
#
e
8
$
p
e
d
a
n
#
e
1/
6le#tri#al 8nterferen#e 6le#tri#al 8nterferen#e
I I 'egrades data signals. 'egrades data signals.
I I Can res&lt in data errors. Can res&lt in data errors.
I I Types of ele#tri#al interferen#e% Types of ele#tri#al interferen#e%
, , Crosstalk Crosstalk
, , 6789-:8 6789-:8
11
8nterferen#e Prote#tion 8nterferen#e Prote#tion
Te#hni@&es Te#hni@&es
I I Can#ellation Can#ellation
, , Twisted wire pairs #reate o&t of phase $agneti# Twisted wire pairs #reate o&t of phase $agneti#
fields whi#h tend to #an#el ea#h other. fields whi#h tend to #an#el ea#h other.
I I Shielding Shielding
, , .ro&nded $etal braid or foil s&rro&nding a .ro&nded $etal braid or foil s&rro&nding a
#ond&#tor prote#ts it fro$ external radiation. #ond&#tor prote#ts it fro$ external radiation.
11
Crosstalk *etween Cond&#tors Crosstalk *etween Cond&#tors
I I The interferen#e generated when a $agneti# The interferen#e generated when a $agneti#
field fro$ one wire ind&#es #&rrent into field fro$ one wire ind&#es #&rrent into
another wire. another wire.
I I :ields of opposite phase tend to #an#el ea#h :ields of opposite phase tend to #an#el ea#h
other. other.
B
-
Copper Cond&#tor
8ns&lation
6le#tro$agneti#
:ields
1=
6789-:8 6789-:8
I I -es&lts fro$ the #able being pla#ed in an -es&lts fro$ the #able being pla#ed in an
external $agneti# field. external $agneti# field.
I I Shielding blo#ks external $agnet Shielding blo#ks external $agnet
interferen#e. interferen#e.
.ro&nded .ro&nded
Shield Shield
7agneti# :ield 7agneti# :ield
Cond&#tor Cond&#tor
PERBEZAAN KABEL
UNSHIELDED DAN
KABEL SHIELDED
Lambat rosak Cepat rosak
Selamat Kurang keselamatan
KURANG Sensetif
terhadap gangguan
elektrikal
sensetif terhadap
gangguan elektrikal
Lambat untuk
dipasang
cepat untuk dipasang
Penghantaraan yang
lau
Penghantaraan sehingga
!""#bps
Kos lebih tinggi dan
mahal
Kos lebih rendah dan
murah
KA$%L
S&'%L(%(
KA$%L
UNS&'%L(%(
!)Apakah fungsi pin crimping tool*
CONTOH CONTOH
KABEL UNSHIELDED
DAN KABEL SHIELDED
KABEL UNSHIELDED
KABEL SHIELDED
4
5istory Af Coaxial Cables 5istory Af Coaxial Cables
I I 8n3ented in 1;1; 8n3ented in 1;1;
, , Ariginal #on#ept #onsisted of a hollow pen#il Ariginal #on#ept #onsisted of a hollow pen#il- -
si?ed #opper t&be with a #entral wire #ond&#tor si?ed #opper t&be with a #entral wire #ond&#tor
s&spended in its #enter. s&spended in its #enter.
I I >TC T established its first #ross >TC T established its first #ross- -#ontinental #ontinental
#oaxial trans$ission syste$ in 1;41. #oaxial trans$ission syste$ in 1;41.
I I Used extensi3ely in $ilitary radar and Used extensi3ely in $ilitary radar and
#o$$&ni#ations syste$s by the $id #o$$&ni#ations syste$s by the $id- -1;4/s. 1;4/s.
KA$%L C+A,'AL KA$%L C+A,'AL
-Namakan peralatan di ba.ah/
"
Coax Cable Constr&#tion Coax Cable Constr&#tion
I I Consists of two #ond&#tors that share a Consists of two #ond&#tors that share a
#o$$on axis. 5en#e the na$e D#oaxial.4 #o$$on axis. 5en#e the na$e D#oaxial.4
I I These two #ond&#tors are separated by a These two #ond&#tors are separated by a
sheath of ins&lating diele#tri# $aterial. sheath of ins&lating diele#tri# $aterial.
I I The o&ter #ond&#torE $ade of #opper braid The o&ter #ond&#torE $ade of #opper braid
or $eshE is in t&rn #o3ered by a to&gh or $eshE is in t&rn #o3ered by a to&gh
plasti# ja#ket whi#h for$s the o&ter #o3er. plasti# ja#ket whi#h for$s the o&ter #o3er.
+
Constr&#tion 'etails Constr&#tion 'etails
6nd (iew 6nd (iew
A&ter Cond&#tor
)a#ket
'iele#tri#
Center Cond&#tor
2
8$portant Cable Chara#teristi#s 8$portant Cable Chara#teristi#s
I I No$inal 8$pedan#e No$inal 8$pedan#e
, , Total opposition to #&rrent flow Total opposition to #&rrent flow
I I (elo#ity of Propagation (elo#ity of Propagation
, , Signal speed in #able #o$pared to free spa#e Signal speed in #able #o$pared to free spa#e
I I No$inal Capa#itan#e No$inal Capa#itan#e
, , Cable #apa#itan#eE in p:9ft Cable #apa#itan#eE in p:9ft
I I No$inal >tten&ation No$inal >tten&ation
, , 'e#rease in #able signal powerE in db9ft 'e#rease in #able signal powerE in db9ft
11
5ow 'iele#tri# 7aterial and 5ow 'iele#tri# 7aterial and
Thi#kness >ffe#t Capa#itan#e Thi#kness >ffe#t Capa#itan#e
I I >ir or a 3a#&&$ is #onsidered to ha3e a >ir or a 3a#&&$ is #onsidered to ha3e a
diele#tri# #onstant of 1 while #o$$on #oax diele#tri# #onstant of 1 while #o$$on #oax
diele#tri#s range fro$ 1 to 1.4. The lower diele#tri#s range fro$ 1 to 1.4. The lower
this n&$berE the lower the #apa#itan#e. this n&$berE the lower the #apa#itan#e.
I I The greater the thi#kness of the diele#tri#E The greater the thi#kness of the diele#tri#E
the greater the spa#ing between the the greater the spa#ing between the
#ond&#tors and the lower the #apa#itan#e. #ond&#tors and the lower the #apa#itan#e.
1=
5ow 'iele#tri# Constant and 5ow 'iele#tri# Constant and
Thi#kness >ffe#t Capa#itan#e Thi#kness >ffe#t Capa#itan#e
I I This ill&strates how diele#tri# #onstant F! This ill&strates how diele#tri# #onstant F!
and thi#kness affe#t #able #apa#itan#e. and thi#kness affe#t #able #apa#itan#e.
Air
FG1 FG1
Dielectric Increases
apacitance
Decreased !pacing
Increases apacitance
PERBE"AAN ANTARA KABEL K#PR#$ DENGAN GENTIAN
%PTIK
Lebih panang Panang maksimum kabel
kurang
(ata sangat lau (ata kurang lau
Keselamatan yang tinggi Kurang selamat
'syarat dalam bentuk
cahaya atau laser
'syarat dalam bentuk
elektromagnetik
0iada gangguan
elektrikal
0erdapat gangguan
elektrik
Sukar untuk dipasang #udah untuk dipasang
0iada kebisingan Lebih bising
Kos lebih tinggi dan
mahal
Kos lebih rendah dan
murah
KA$%L G%N0'AN
+P0'K
KA$%L KUPRU#
!)Apakah fungsi pin crimping tool*
BAB A : &
PENGENALAN PERALATAN DAN PIA'AIAN
1
*>* >% =
*>* >% =
Tools 8dentifi#ation and
Tools 8dentifi#ation and
Standards
Standards
&(1 PERALATAN)PERALATAN DALA$
PENDA'AIAN KABEL K#PR#$
1( P*nc+d,-n t,,l
2( R./0 crimping t,,l
&( ,a1ial crimping t,,l
/( Pin crimping t,,l
0( ,a1ial ca2le 3 #TP ca2le stripper
&(2 KEPERL#AN PIA'AIAN DALA$
PENDA'AIAN RANGKAIAN
0
>lphabet So&pH
>lphabet So&pH
4
The Need :or Standards
The Need :or Standards
I
I
To 8n#rease The Predi#tability of%
To 8n#rease The Predi#tability of%
,
,
Aperation
Aperation
,
,
-eliability
-eliability
,
,
I&ality
I&ality
,
,
Safety
Safety
I
I
To >3oid Proble$s >sso#iated with Sole
To >3oid Proble$s >sso#iated with Sole
-
-
So&r#e Pro#&re$ent
So&r#e Pro#&re$ent
2
So&r#es of Networking
So&r#es of Networking
Standards
Standards
I
I
National and 8nternational Argani?ations
National and 8nternational Argani?ations
and >sso#iations
and >sso#iations
I
I
Co$$&ni#ation and Co$p&ter
Co$$&ni#ation and Co$p&ter
7an&fa#t&rers
7an&fa#t&rers
I
I
.o3ern$ent >gen#ies
.o3ern$ent >gen#ies
;
Argani?ations and
Argani?ations and
>sso#iations
>sso#iations
I
I
>NS8
>NS8
-
-
>$eri#an National Standards
>$eri#an National Standards
8nstit&te
8nstit&te
I
I
68>
68>
-
-
6le#troni# 8nd&stries >sso#iation
6le#troni# 8nd&stries >sso#iation
I
I
8666
8666
-
-
8nstit&te of 6le#tri#al and 6le#troni#
8nstit&te of 6le#tri#al and 6le#troni#
6ngineers
6ngineers
I
I
8SA
8SA
-
-
8nternational Standards Argani?ation
8nternational Standards Argani?ation
I
I
T8>
T8>
-
-
Tele#o$$&ni#ations 8nd&stry
Tele#o$$&ni#ations 8nd&stry
>sso#iation
>sso#iation
1/
Safety Standards
Safety Standards
I
I
AS5>
AS5>
-
-
A##&pational Safety and 5ealth
A##&pational Safety and 5ealth
>#t
>#t
I
I
N6C
N6C
-
-
National 6le#tri#al Code
National 6le#tri#al Code
I
I
UJ
UJ
-
-
Underwriters Jaboratories
Underwriters Jaboratories
11
.o3ern$ent >gen#ies
.o3ern$ent >gen#ies
I
I
'epart$ent of 'efense
'epart$ent of 'efense
,
,
7ilitary Spe#ifi#ations 7ilspe#s!
7ilitary Spe#ifi#ations 7ilspe#s!
I
I
'epart$ent of Co$$er#e
'epart$ent of Co$$er#e
,
,
US National 8nstit&te of Standards C
US National 8nstit&te of Standards C
Te#hnology
Te#hnology
I
I
'epart$ent of 6nergy
'epart$ent of 6nergy
I
I
N>S>
N>S>
+
5ierar#hy of Network Standards
5ierar#hy of Network Standards
I
I
Topology
Topology
,
,
Software
Software
K
K
Network #o$$&ni#ations progra$s
Network #o$$&ni#ations progra$s
K
K
Co$$&ni#ations proto#ols
Co$$&ni#ations proto#ols
,
,
5ardware
5ardware
K
K
Network interfa#e #ards
Network interfa#e #ards
K
K
Conne#tors
Conne#tors
K
K
Cables
Cables
K
K
Network #o$ponents 5&bsE -o&tersE Ser3ersE et#!
Network #o$ponents 5&bsE -o&tersE Ser3ersE et#!
1=
Standards >ppli#able to Networks
Standards >ppli#able to Networks
Software
Networking Standards
Network Aperating Syste$s
Co$$&ni#ation Proto#ols
5ardware
Passi3e Co$ponents
>#ti3e Co$ponents
11
>#ti3e Network Co$ponents
>#ti3e Network Co$ponents
I
I
Network 8nterfa#e Cards N8Cs!
Network 8nterfa#e Cards N8Cs!
I
I
5&bs9-epeaters
5&bs9-epeaters
I
I
Ser3ers
Ser3ers
I
I
*ridges9-o&ters
*ridges9-o&ters
I
I
Swit#hes
Swit#hes
14
*asi# Network 5ardware
*asi# Network 5ardware
Standards
Standards
=4
Cable
Conne#tors
N8C Cards
Cable
Network
Co$ponents
14
Standardi?ed Network Software
Standardi?ed Network Software
I
I
Proto#ols
Proto#ols
I
I
Network Aperating Syste$s
Network Aperating Syste$s
1"
Standard Network Proto#ols
Standard Network Proto#ols
I
I
TCP98P
TCP98P
I
I
8PL9SPL
8PL9SPL
I
I
Net*8AS9Net*6U8
Net*8AS9Net*6U8
1+
Pop&lar Network Aperating
Pop&lar Network Aperating
Syste$s
Syste$s
I
I
No3el Net<are
No3el Net<are
I
I
>rtisoft J>Ntasti#
>rtisoft J>Ntasti#
I
I
*anyan (8N6S
*anyan (8N6S
I
I
7i#rosoft NTE <indows ;"9;2
7i#rosoft NTE <indows ;"9;2
1"
Cable TypesE Categories and
Cable TypesE Categories and
Je3els
Je3els
I
I
8*7 Cable Types
8*7 Cable Types
,
,
Cable types 1
Cable types 1
-
-
;
;
I
I
68>9T8> Cable Categories
68>9T8> Cable Categories
,
,
Cable #ategories 1
Cable #ategories 1
-
-
"
"
I
I
UJ Cable Je3els Underwrites Jaboratories!
UJ Cable Je3els Underwrites Jaboratories!
,
,
Je3els 8
Je3els 8
-
-
(
(
1+
8*7 Cable Plan Types
8*7 Cable Plan Types
I
I
Type 1
Type 1
-
-
Two STPE 7ax 'ata -ate 1// 7b
Two STPE 7ax 'ata -ate 1// 7b
I
I
Type 1
Type 1
-
-
Two UTPE Two STPE (oi#e9'ata
Two UTPE Two STPE (oi#e9'ata
I
I
Type =
Type =
-
-
:o&r UTPE (oi#e9'ata M4 7b
:o&r UTPE (oi#e9'ata M4 7b
I
I
Type 4
Type 4
-
-
No C&rrent Spe#ifi#ation
No C&rrent Spe#ifi#ation
I
I
Type "
Type "
-
-
Two :iber
Two :iber
-
-
Apti# Strands
Apti# Strands
I
I
Type +
Type +
-
-
Shielded Cable
Shielded Cable
-
-
two twisted pairs
two twisted pairs
I
I
Type 2
Type 2
-
-
No P&blished Spe#ifi#ations
No P&blished Spe#ifi#ations
I
I
Type 0
Type 0
-
-
DUnder
DUnder
-
-
the
the
-
-
Carpet4 STP
Carpet4 STP
I
I
Type ;
Type ;
-
-
Plen&$ STP
Plen&$ STP
12
Perfor$an#e of
Perfor$an#e of
68>9T8> "+0 Cable Categories
68>9T8> "+0 Cable Categories
I
I
Category 1
Category 1
-
-
Not rated for perfor$an#e
Not rated for perfor$an#e
I
I
Category 1
Category 1
-
-
1 75?
1 75?
I
I
Category =
Category =
-
-
1+ 75?
1+ 75?
I
I
Category 4
Category 4
-
-
1/ 75?
1/ 75?
I
I
Category "
Category "
-
-
1// 75?
1// 75?
I
I
Category "e
Category "e
-
-
1// 75?
1// 75?
I
I
Proposed
Proposed
Catagory
Catagory
+
+
-
-
1"/ 75?
1"/ 75?
I
I
Proposed
Proposed
Catagory
Catagory
2
2
-
-
+// 75?
+// 75?
10
N6C9UJ 444 Cable Je3els
N6C9UJ 444 Cable Je3els
I
I
>ll le3els spe#ified to $eet N6C9UJ 444
>ll le3els spe#ified to $eet N6C9UJ 444
safety re@&ire$ents for fla$e and s$oke.
safety re@&ire$ents for fla$e and s$oke.
I
I
Perfor$an#e ratingsE by le3elE are%
Perfor$an#e ratingsE by le3elE are%
,
,
Je3el 8
Je3el 8
-
-
Not perfor$an#e rated
Not perfor$an#e rated
,
,
Je3el 88
Je3el 88
-
-
68> Cat 1 C 8*7 Type =
68> Cat 1 C 8*7 Type =
,
,
Je3el 888
Je3el 888
-
-
68> Cat =
68> Cat =
,
,
Je3el 8(
Je3el 8(
-
-
68> Cat 4
68> Cat 4
,
,
Je3el (
Je3el (
-
-
68> Cat "
68> Cat "
1;
Cable 'es#riptions 8n#l&de%
Cable 'es#riptions 8n#l&de%
I
I
6le#tri#al Chara#teristi#s
6le#tri#al Chara#teristi#s
I
I
Physi#al Chara#teristi#s
Physi#al Chara#teristi#s
I
I
Safety Chara#teristi#s
Safety Chara#teristi#s
1/
Cable 6le#tri#al Spe#ifi#ations
Cable 6le#tri#al Spe#ifi#ations
I
I
'C -esistan#e
'C -esistan#e
I
I
No$inal 8$pedan#e
No$inal 8$pedan#e
I
I
No$inal Capa#itan#e
No$inal Capa#itan#e
I
I
7axi$&$ >tten&ation
7axi$&$ >tten&ation
11
Copper Cable
Copper Cable
Physi#al Spe#ifi#ations
Physi#al Spe#ifi#ations
I
I
Cable 'ia$eter
Cable 'ia$eter
I
I
Cond&#tor <ire Si?e and Type
Cond&#tor <ire Si?e and Type
I
I
Shield 7aterial and -esistan#e
Shield 7aterial and -esistan#e
I
I
8ns&lation or 'iele#tri# 7aterial
8ns&lation or 'iele#tri# 7aterial
I
I
Safety Chara#teristi#s
Safety Chara#teristi#s