Chap. I.

MECHANICS AND STATICS.

S.'5
Opehativh.
Kiirce. Continua! ce. Day's Woik.
A man going up stairs for a day raises 205 kilo-
grammes (451 -64 lbs. averd.) to the height of
a kilometre (3280-91 feet). Coulomb.

0-412
With a spade a man does
\^
as much as in ascending
stairs. Coulomb. - . - -

0-391
With a winch a man does
|
as much as in ascending
stairs. Coulomb.
- . - -
0-258
A man carrying wood up stairs raises, together with
his own weight, 109 kilogrammes (240-14 lbs.
averd.) to 1 kilometre (3280-91 feet). Cou-
lomb.
..----
0-219
.\ man weighing 150 French lbs. can ascend by
stairs 3 French feet in a second for 15 or 20
seconds. Coulomb.
- . - - 5-22 20 sec.
l-"or half an hour 100 French pounds may be raised
1 1 foot French per second. Coulomb.
1-152 30 min.
I5y Mr. Buchanan's comparison, the force exerted in
turning a winch being assumed e(|ual to tlie unit.
tlie force in pumping will be -
0-61
In ringing
------
1-3G
In rowing - - - - -
1-43

1343. Coulomb's maximum of effect is, when a man weighing 70 kilo,cram;iies

(154-21 lbs. avoirdupois), carries a weight of 53 (116-76 lbs. avoirdupois,) up smIv^. but
this appears too great a load.
1344. Porters carry from 200 to 300 lbs., at the rate of 3 miles an hour. Chairmen
walk 4 miles an hour with a load of 150 lbs. each ; and in Turkey there are found jjorters
who, it is said, by stoo])ing forwards, carry from 700 to 900 lbs. very low on their backs.
1345. The most advantageous weight for a man of common strength to carry horizon-
tal] v, is 1 1 1 pounds ;
or, if he return unladen, 135. With wheelbarrows, men will do half
as much more work, as with hods. Coulomb.
The following table exhibits the performance of men by machines.
d'EKATIVE. Force. Coiitiimance. Day's \V();k.
A man raised by means of a rope and pulley 25 lbs.
French, 220 French feet in 145 seconds. Amoit-
tons.
.----- 0-436 145 sec.
A man can raise bv a good common jnunj) 1 hogshead
of water 10 feet Ingli in a mmute for a whole day.
DesoquUets.
. . - - -
0-875

0-875
I5y the mercurial pump, or another good pump, a man
may raise a hogshead 18 or 20 feet in a minute
for 1 or 2 minutes . . - 1
-61
2 min.
In pile driving, 55^
French lbs. were raised 1 French
foot in 1 second, for 5 hours a day, by a lope
drawn horizontally. Coulomb. - - -
0-64 5 hours 0-82
Robison says that a feeble old man raised 7 cubic
feet of water 111 feet in 1 minute fen- 8 or 10
hours a day, by walking backwards and forwards
on a lever . - - - - 0-837 9 hours 0-753
A young man, the last-named author says, weighing
13: lbs., and carrying 30 lbs., raised
9^
cui)ic teet
Hi feet high for 10 hours a day, without
fatigue
. . . . . 1-106 10 hours 1-106
1 346. In respect of the force of horses, we do not think it necessary to do more than
observe that the best way of applying their force is in an horizontal direction, that in which
a man acts least to advantage. For instance, a man weighing 140 lb.s., and drawing a boat
along by means of a rope over his shoulders, caimot draw above 27 lbs. ;
whereas a horse
employed for the same purpose can exert seven times that force.
1347. Generally, a horse can draw no more up a steep hill than three men can carry,
A A 2