Chap. I. BEAMS AND PILLARS.

429
d whole depth ; ami
p
deptli of part omitted. If the thickness of the web be about yj^lh
or jtth of the depth of the beam, then

--
= W cwts.
-T-.

,
= W tons.

T-= W tons.
I inches I I luohts I I leet
Here 514 cwts. nnay be used for side castings, or 536 cwts. for erect castings. The other
quantities are obtained thus : !^ .
""
'^'
= 25-7, called 26 tons; ~=26-8, called 27 tons.
^
20 for tons
'
'20
When / is used in feet,
||
= 2-1
66 : a represents area of bottom flange in inches.
1629A. For 1>, Cs/ iVon piVrfcr (Hodgkinson's pattern) :

adC= 5H ^.j
^
\adC= 2&
,,7,
\adO= 2-\i -, .
\2(id . , I ad
-r, .
-
=
Wcwts. -7^

,
= W tons.
= Wtons, -^-r-- = Wtons. _- = P tons.
I lucues I I inches I / teet I t ft. I / it.
Here a and d as before ; P permanent load distributed, or about one-fourth of the
breaking weight distributed; and multiplied by 2 when the ends are fixed = one-half
BW. I'rom the experiments above quoted from Gregory, we obtain

(7^4852 ^,^1,
I
n(J43-33 ,,, . 1
(?2-16G ,
^
=
W lbs. z= W cwts.

;
= VV tons.
1629?. Gregory's work also states an arbitrary formula given by Mr. Dines, which he
found to be tolerably correct in all cases where the length of the girder did not exceed y5
feet ; its depth in the centre not greater than 20 inches; tlie brt-adtli of the bottom flange
not less than one-third, or more than half, the depth
; the thickness of the metal not less
ttian jLth of the depth. Then

'^^[bd--{b-h.,)d.f]
= ^\]hs.
I
~
[hd-'-(h-b.,)d;-] = ^N cwis.
^
[6 -f2
-
(6
- h)d.?] = W tons.
Here 6 entire breadth of bottom flange; h^ thickness of the vertical part; d depth of
whole girder
;
d^ depth without the lower flange, all in inches
; I length in feet.
1629m. Hurst, Handbook, notices that the area of the lop flange should be
|
of that of
the bottom flange when the load is on the toj); and
J
when the load is on the bottom flange;
Molesworth, Formula, has
\
for the latter; he notes that if the depth of the girder be -^ of
the span, then a4 17 = W tons, the weight being distributed. When the depth is
y^,
a5 = W tons, the weiglit being distributed. The depth at the ends may equal

. Ap-
proximate rules for these girders have been given in the Poclcet-book for 1 865, as / x P = d x a,
J-
= P,

r- = a- Here / feet ; P tons distributed ; d depth of girder ; a area of bottom
flange, both in inches.
1629. For XS, Wrotight iron tube or beam, or box-beam :

--.

5
- = W tons.

rj

= W tons, when d is more than

--
I inches I I teut 14
Here a area of the bottom flange; C coefficient determined for this particular form of tube.
In the table given by Fairbairn
(pp.
116-17), a area of the whole cross section, the con-
stant C= J 78 tons, for a tube having tlie top flange = -142 thick, twice the area of the
bottom one; the tube being 9*6 inches square, and 17*5 feet long between the supports.
Such a beam deflected 1"76 inches with a breaking weight of 7,148 lbs.
1629o. Hurst states it is usual to camber a riveted girder, so that on receiving the per-
mai.ent load it may become nearly horizontal. If thi> required rise or camber equals e in
the middle in inches, d being in inches and / in feet, we have -K=e. For girders uni-
formly loaded and of uniform section throughout the length, K = 018. When the section
is also made to vary so that tlie girder will be of equal strength throughout, K= '021.
Molesworth notes the area of top flange as al'18 ; Hurst says al-75. If the depth of
the girder be
j^
of the span, then W= lS'3a tons; if
^,
tlien W= 16a tons. The rivets to
be 1^ inch and inch in diameter, placed 3 inches apart in the top and 4 inches apart in
tlie bottom flange.