UNIVERSITI

TEKNOLOGI
PETRONAS
COURSE
DATE
TIME
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-
ENGLISH II
3oth AUGUST 2013 (FRtDAy)
3.00 PM
-
6.00 PM (3 hours)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet.
Begin EACH answer on a new page.
Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and
indicate ALL assumptions.
lndicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.
Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.
Note I There are TWENTY ONE (2U pages in this Question Booklet
including the cover page.
FINAL EXAMINATION
MAY 2013 SEMESTER
Uniwersiti Teknologi PETRONAS
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SECTION A
[20
MARKSI
Read the following passages
and answer the questions.
Passage I
Question 1(i-v)
I The planet
isn't getting
cooler or less crowded. Travellers should be mindful of
this simple fact as we contribute to pollution,
climate change and other negative
environmental impact in our every day life. Offsetting your carbon footprint while
travelling, can be difficult to manage. But nowadays, as companies and the general
public become more informed, green
travel can become veracity. Here is a quick guide
to small things you can do to make your trip less harsh on the environment.
ll Utilise public
transportation to minimise your carbon footprint. The public bus
may look like a heavy polluter,
but it is better to ride on it than driving a rented car. Until
big cities pass laws requiring all taxi companies use hybrid vehicles, travelling on buses
are great modes of transportation for tourists, especially in foreign countries. lt is also a
great way to get around safely and economically. You also won't get lost easily,
compared to when you rent a car.
lll Nearly every hotel has installed information cards or notices that inform you to
reuse your sheets or towels. Reusing the same linens for your entire stay greatly
reduces the effect on the environment. Most people
at home will sleep on their bed
sheets for weeks at a time, so why can't they go at least two nights in a hotel rather than
getting it changes every night. There is a lot you can save not
just
the water.
lV The choice of hotels is also in your hand. So, pick it accordingly. Believe it or not
there are lists available that score the
'greenness'
of hotels. Find this list or one like it
online before you book any hotel. Taking your time to find an environmentally-friendly
hotel is definitely a wise step to ensure the longevity of a healthy earth. Stay in a hotel
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with the confidence that the hotel you
are giving your
money to, has the environment on
its mind as much as you do. And you will surely have a good
night sleep in the hotel
with that in mind.
V Fishing for local restaurants that serve locally grown produce
is another step to
save the mother earth. How does that help? While you
stay in a city, find places
that
aren't importing their food from other cities. As this move leads to multiplying the carbon
footprint in the air, you
should do your part
by boycotting these eateries and find others
which not only save the environment but good
for the tummy as well. Many a times,
conforming to this principle
may cause slight or even major inconveniences, but it is for
the betterment of the planet.
Vl Donations of time and energy are very useful to make others aware of the carbon
footprint issue. Find ways to donate your
time and energy to the local spots that you
visit. Educate people
about carbon footprints by donating to local organisations to help
getting
the word out. There are too many cases, the local holiday spots are too concern
on the growing
economy of the place
without considering the impact of the activities to
the environment. We can make this world a better place.
And what better way to see the
world than knowing, you are ensuring its very survival. Happy carbon-light-travels.
Adapted from, "New Straits Times. The Green Travel' February 20,2013.
Which of the following would be the BEST tiile for the passage?
Reuse your Sheet
Produce Own Food
Donating the unwanted
Reduce Carbon Footprint
Utilise Public Transportation
i.
A.
B.
c.
D.
E.
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ii. Based on the information in the passage,
it can be inferred that if we use public
transport, we
A. will reach our destination faster.
B. are safe throughout the
journey.
C. are able to meet more new friends.
D. will minimise the release of carbon.
E. are able to save some daily expenses.
ii. Which of the following pieces
of evidence, would BEST support the author's
argument in paragraph
V?
A. The local food is abundance and cheap.
B. The imported food uses a lot of pesticides.
C. The local food is healthier as the air is clean.
D. The imported food is exposed to carbon in the air.
E. The imported food needs to be transported to the local restaurants.
iv. Which is the BEST synonym for veracity (paragraph l)?
A. weird
B. deceit
C. reality
D. artificial
E. hypocrisy
V.
A.
B.
c.
D.
E.
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Which is the BEST synonym for conforming (paragraph
V)?
relief
clinch
release
liberate
discharge
Passage ll
Question2(i-v)
I When words like 'mental
illness' are mentioned, the first picture
that comes to
mind are of people
who are not of sound mind, unpredictable and possibly
violent. This
perception
has led us to view the mentally unhealthy with some fear and unease as well
as to treat them differently. While this public perception
and attitude has improved in
recent years,
it does not change the fact that we are still a little uncomfortable working
with, living near or being friends with someone with a mental illness.
ll To rectify this narrow view, we must accept and understand that someone with a
mental illness may not be able to change the way they act, think
,
feel or behave in the
same way as a mentally healthy person
due to an abnormality in areas of the brain that
are involved in thinking, emotions, and behavior. The skeptical perception has to be
changed in order to give
these people
a new perspective
in life. These abnormalities
can also be hereditary (genetic), or due to chemical imbalances, chronic stress,
traumatic childhood experiences and damage to the brain due to injury, infection, or
substance abuse.
lll There are many different types of mental illness that vary in degree, symptoms,
severity and duration. Some of the more common ones include depression,
schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. Other disorders that can severely affect the mind
include Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and bipolar disorders. According to Associate
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Professor Dr. M. Swamenathan Muthalagu, Consultant Psychiatrist and Head of
Psychiatry Department at Manipal Medical College in Malacca, "schizophrenia
and
Bipolar disorders (previously
known as manic depressive disorder) are considered
major mental illnesses. These disorders tend to affect one percent
of the population".
lV Most mental disorders are considered serious as they cause significant
subjective distress and functional impairment and disability in individuals. Certain types
of psychiatric
disorders are common within the population
but due to a lack of
awareness, many do not come for treatment or those that do are either under-
diagnosed or under-reported. Most patients
with Schizophrenia can be helped with
medications called antipsychotics. Bipolar disorders patients are treated with mood
stabilisers to prevent
mood swings.
V To treat dementia, the cause for dementia must first be identified. lf the cause is
due to Alzheimer's disease, there is no cure but there are medications which delay the
progression
of the disease enabling more years of quality and independent life hence
reducing the burden to the caregiver. This can be combined with cognitive and
psychosocial rehabilitation. Treatment for depression and anxiety disorders can include
antidepressants, counseling, cognitive behavior therapy, psychotherapy and social
therapy.
Vl The public needs to have a better understanding of the various types of mental
illness that afflict the mentally unhealthy and how to identify these illnesses according to
their cause and symptoms. lt is not easy to be in the shoes of a mentally unhealthy
person. As many of us have the wrong and often inaccurate idea of our rnentally
unhealthy counterparts, knowledge and information can help change our ideas and
behaviour towards them, Let us help those with mental illnesses re-enter society and
walk tall amongst us without stigma and prejudice.
Adapted from, Wellbeing. lt's all in the Mind, March 2012.
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i. What is the thesis statement in this passage?
A. There are many different types of mental illness that vary in degree, symptoms,
severity and duration (paragraph
lll).
B' Most mental disorders are considered serious as they cause significant
subjective distress and functional impairment and Oisa-nitity in individuals
(paragraph
lV).
C. The public
needs to have a better understanding of the various types of mental
illness that afflict the mentally unhealthy and how to identify these illnesses
according to their cause and symptoms (paragraph Vl).
D. While this public perception
and attitude has improved in recent years, it does not
change the fact that we are still a little uncomfortable working with, living near or
being friends with someone with a mental illness (paragraph l).
E. These abnormalities can also be hereditary (genetic),
or due to chemical
imbalances, chronic stress, traumatic childhood experiences and damage to the
brain due to injury, infection, or substance abuse (paragraph ll).
ii. What is most likely meant by stigma (paragraph tV)?
A. pride
B. credit
C. shame
D. delight
E. pleasure
iii. Which of the following statements reflects
"public
perception" (paragraph l)
A. A person with a mental health problem lives among us.
B. We are encouraged to accept and understand a mental illness person.
C. A mental illness person is apprehended and receiving diverse treatment.
D, The medical treatment of someone with mental illness is different than other
illnesses.
E. Having uncomfortable feeling towards someone who is suspected having
unhealthy mind.
tv.
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Which of the following sentences from the passage
represents a fact, rather than
an opinion?
It is not easy to be in the shoes of a mentaily unhealthy person.
The skeptical perception
has to be changed in order to give
these people
a new
perspective
in life.
Let us help those with mental illnesses re-enter society and walk tall amongst us
without stigma and prejudice.
This perception
has led us to view the mentally unhealthy with some fear and
unease as well as to treat them differenily.
Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorders (previously
known as manic depressive
disorder) are considered major mental illnesses.
A.
B.
c.
D.
E.
v. Which of the following statements BEST describes the main idea of paragraph
V?
A. Any stress related disease must be treated aggressively.
B. Medications are enough to cure common psychiatric
disorders.
C. Almost all psychiatric
disorders can be treated either through medications or
therapy.
Early treatment delays the fatality incidences among mentally unhealthy
individuals.
Cognitive and psychological
rehabilitation are suitable treatments than any
medications.
D.
E.
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Passage lll
Question3(i -x)
A From shopping to eating, sleeping and cleaning, scientists are working on a host
of gadgets
that could usher in exciting new possibilities
for the future. Chaotic Moon
Labs has begun testing a robotic shopping chart that acts a bit like a mind-reading
butler. To start it up, you
can text message that chart's built-in tablet computer. Now it
knows who you
are and what you need for dinner. The chart uses Microsoft's Kinect
motion-sensor technology to track and follow you through the store, pointing you-in a
synthy voice reminiscent of a G.P.S. navigator-towards products
on your list. The
system will also warn you if you've
added something that violates your dietary
restrictions. Still only prototype,
the chart isn't nearly as nimble as its human-powered
cousin, but it does have one main advantage: items you add to the chart can be
automatically scanned and you can finalise your purchase
from the device, skipping the
checkout line entirely.
B Scientists at Princeton and Tufts are working on a super-thin tooth sensor (a kind
of temporary tattoo) that sends an alert when it detects bacteria associated with plaque
build up, cavities or infection. lt could also notify your dentists, adding an extra layer of
social pressure
to make an appointment. The sensor may have wide-ranging use: the
researchers have already used it to identify bacteria in saliva associated with stomach
ulcers and cancers. While the sensor won't last long on the surface of a well-brushed
and flossed tooth, Micheal McAlpine, the project's leader, says the sensors will be
inexpensive enough that you can replace them daily.
C Wearing a small sensor on your head at home, while you sleep, could be the key
to diagnosing disease early and assessing overall health.
"This
technology", says Dr.
Philip Low, the founder of a medical technology firm called NeuroVigil, "enables
us to
look for faint signals of, say, schizophrenia, Parkinson's, depression or Alzheimer's in
the brain, even though they may be no obvious symptoms." Thus, Low's device has found
a number of applications: evaluating children with autism, studying the efficacy of trial-
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phase
drugs and assessing traumatic brain injury in soldiers. Currenily, Low is working
on a newer version of the device, which will be the size of a quarter
and will transmit
brain scans directly to smartphones and tablet computers. "We're
using sleep", Low
says, "as the gateway
to the brain."
D Researchers at the Wyss lnstitute for Biologically lnspired Engineering at
Harvard are working on a technology that could make household cleaning supplies
much smarter-almost like a sprayable forensics team. When the spray hits a surface
where there are pathogens present,
like your bathroom sinks, it will bind to the bad stuff
and turn a specific colour-orange, say, for E. Coli. Then you could knock it out with a
stronger disinfectant.
E lt's depressing to think how much food packaging
there is in your kitchen right
now-all those
juice
cartons, water bottles and ice-cream containers, But what if you
could eat them? "We've got to package
things in the same way nature does", says a
Harvard bio-engineering, David Edwards. And he is paving
the way for a
"natural"
revamp by devising a way to convert food into shell-like containers and films that he
calls Wikicells. Yogurt will be encased in a strawberry pouch, for instance. You could
wash and eat the packaging,
like the skin of an apple, or you could toss it into the bin,
like the peel of an orange, since its biodegradable. lce cream and yogurt wrapped in this
manner will reportedly be available soon at the lab store in Paris, with
juice
and tea
coming within the next year
or two.
Adapted from, Calibre. Future Smarfs, November 2012.
10
Question i - v
Choose the most suitable headings for
paragraphs
appropriate alphabets (a
-
h) on your answer booklet.
a. Power clean.
b. Write it down
c. Smart shopper.
d. Sleeping beauty.
e. Open your mind.
f. Prudent trackers.
g. The gift of family.
h. The complete pack.
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A, B, C, D, and E. Write the
t.
ii.
iii.
iv.
V.
Paragraph A:
Paragraph B:
Paragraph C:
Paragraph D:
Paragraph E:
t7
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Question vi - x
Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage lll. Use NO
MORE THAN THREE (3) WORDS for each answer.
vi. The existence of ....... can be detected from the change of colour on the
floor.
vii. The tooth sensor recognizes ... which can be found in human's
saliva.
viii. Any minor symptoms of illness like Alzheimer can be discovered when you
ix. lf you
bought food items which are not suitable for you, the .. ..... is able to
caution you.
x. Food containers are being made thus we can simply consume
them or throw them away.
T2
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SECTION B
[30
MARKSI
Question 1(10 marks)
Read the following passage
and fill in the blanks from the words in the box. Do not use the same
word twice' Make sure the words you select make sense in the context of the passage.
Write your
answers in the answer booklet.
extend
dissolved
blast
demands
proposes
interest
suggest
storage
explored
weapons
discover
disperse
corrode
commercial
developed
Proposal to Research the Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel at Yucca
Mountain
Valerie Prakesh Fernando
March 2010
lntroduction
Nuclear power plants produce
more than 20 percent of the electricity used in the
United States
[Murray,
1989]. Unfortunately, nuclear fission, the process
used to
create this large amount energy, creates significant amounts of high level
radioactive waste. More than 30,000 metric tons of nuclear waste have arisen
from U.S. commercial reactors as well as high level nuclear
(i)
waste, such as uranium and plutonium
[Roush,
1995]. Because of the build-up of
this waste, some power plants will be forced to shut down. To avoid losing an
important source of energy, a safe and economical place to keep this waste is
necessary. This document
(ii)
a literature review of whether
Yucca Mountain is a suitable site for a nuclear waste repository. The proposed
13
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review will discuss the economical and environmental aspects of a national
(iii)
facility. This proposal
includes my methods for gathering
information, a schedule for completing the review, and my qualifications.
Statement of Problem
On January 1
,
1998, the Department of Energy (DOE) must accept spent nuclear
fuel from (iv)
plants
for permanent
storage
[Clark,
jgg7l.
However, the DOE is undecided on where to put
this high level radioactive
waste. Yucca Mountain, located in Nevada, is a proposed
site.
There are many questions
regarding the safety of the Yucca Mountain waste
repository. Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory disagree over the
long{erm safety of the proposed
high level nuclear waste site located in Nevada.
ln 1994, Charles Bowman, a researcher at Los Alamos, (v)
a
theory claiming that years
of storing waste in the mountain may actually start a
nuclear chain reaction and explode, similar to an atomic bomb
[Taubes,lgg5].
The stir caused by theory suggests that researchers have not
all sides of the safety issue concerning potentially
hazardous situations at
yucca
Mountain.
Bowman's theory that Yucca Mountain could explode is based upon the idea that
enough waste will eventually (vii)
through the rock to create a
critical mass. A critical mass is an amount of fissile material, such as plutonium,
containing enough mass to start a neutron chain reaction
[Murray,
1g8g].
Bowman argues that if this chain reaction were started underground, the rocks in
the ground would help keep the system compressed and speed up the chain
reaction
[Taubes,1
995]. A chain reaction formed underground could then
generate huge amounts of energy in a fraction of a second, resulting in a nuclear
. A nuclear explosion of this magnitude would emit large
amounts of radioactivity into the air and groundwater.
T4
Objectives
I propose
to review the available literature
possible
repository for spent nuclear fuel.
following two goals:
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about using Yucca Mountain as a
ln this review I will achieve the
(1) explain the criteria for a suitable repository of high-level radioactive waste;
and
(2) determine whether Yucca Mountain meets these criteria.
PIan of Action
This section presents
my plan for obtaining the objectives discussed in the
previous
section. There has been an increase of
(ix)
in the
nuclear industry concerning the Yucca Mountain site because of the January
1,2007, deadline for the DOE. Several
journal
articles and papers
discussing the
possibility
of Yucca Mountain as a spent fuel repository in our near future have
surfaced as a consequence of that interest. These articles and books about the
dangers of nuclear waste should provide
sufficient information for me to complete
my review. The following two paragraphs
will discuss how I will use these
sources in my research.
The first goal of my research is to explain the criteria for determining whether a
nuclear waste repository is suitable. For example, will the rock structure be able
to withstand human invasion in the future
[Clark,
1997]? What will happen if the
waste containers
(x)
and do not last as long as predicted? Will
the natural setting contain the waste? To achieve this goal, I will rely on
"Background on 40 CFR Part 197 Environmental Standards for Yucca Mountain"
[Clark,
1997], the DOE Yucca Mountain home page
[1997].
15
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Conclusion
More than 30,000 metric tons of nuclear wastes have arisen from U.S.
commercial reactors as well as high level nuclear weapons waste, such as
uranium and plutonium
[Roush,
1995]. This document has proposed
research to
evaluate the possibility
of using Yucca Mountain as a possible
repository for this
spent nuclear fuel. The research will include a formal presentation
on November
11 and a formal report on December 5.
References
Clark, R. L. (1997). "Background
on 40 CFR Part 197 Environmental Radiation
Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain," Proceedings of the lgg7
Waste Management Conference. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
L6
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Question 2 (20 marks)
A year
ago you introduced a pilot programme
to Mek Duffs lnc. Lundang office in the
capital city, where you
are a branch manager. The programme gave up to half of the
office employees the choice to work for a 1O-hour day each week, as opposed to an B-
hour day. You wanted to offer this flexibility to workers, who for whatever reason,
desired longer weekends. As the branch manager, you
made it clear at the time that
you would evaluate the programme
at the end of the one-year pilot programme.
Having completed your review, you have decided that employees need to return
to the old schedule. Your main reason is that having the office short of staff on Friday
(when the four-day employees are gone) has proved
awkward in dealing with current
and prospective
clients. On many occasions, clients have called to find that their
company contact is not working that day. (One of the important clients that have put
up
complaints is Structural System, lnc. which is located not far from your office, at 10S
Parsley Street, 68000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). ln addition, the secretarial and word
processng
staff that do work on Friday cannot keep up with the end-of-week workload.
Whereas you originally thought a split schedule in your office would work, now you
know it causes more confusion that it is worth. People in your office too are constantly
forgetting who is working for certain schedules, though the schedule is published.
So,
your correspondence to office employees must inform them of your decision to
discontinue the plot programme
and to return to a five-day work week for the whole
office. The change will take place in a month.
Write TWO (2) different forms of correspondence to your prospective client and staff
informing the changes.
17
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sEcTtoN c
[s0
MARKSI
Question 1 (30
marks)
Write at least 250 words about the foilowing topic:
When a country develops its technology, the traditionatskl/s and ways of life die
out. lt is pointless
to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this opinion?
Question 2 (20 marks)
You should write at least 1S0 words.
The following charts show the overall expenditures of The United States government
for
the specified fiscal years
-
2013, 2012, and 2011.
The Pie chart indicates the percentage (%) of total estimated spending of the U.S for
fiscal year 2013; The line graph
shows the percentage
of total spending of the U.S. for
2012 and the histogram depicts the percentage
of total spending of the U,S. in 2011. ln
addition, the table that follows reveals the estimated amount of money that is going
to
be spent by the U.S. government
in fscal year
2013.
Using the information in the charts presented
below, write a report to describe the trend
of spending by the U.S. government
for the respective years. ln your report, integrate
the information from allthe charts. You should write at least 150 words.
18
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TotalSpending
for the U.S - Fiscal
year
ZAL3
Other spendng
Welfare
IAYo
Pensions
-.,
18Y"
lnterst
6Vo
General
Governmenl
2Y
Trnsportton
5%
Protection
5%
chart 1: The percentage
of total estimated spending of the u.s. for 2013
Defense
1.4:Y"
fducation
t3%
19
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z0
18
L6
1.4
12
1C
I
6
4
2
0
"t"
."-.*
.o..-'-1.{,-""
"\ro'
a"t
k
Chart 2: The Percentage of total spending of the U.S. for 2O1Z
20
18
16
t4
12
10
I

4
2
0
13
Chart 3: The percentage
of total spending of the U.S. for 2011
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Total Government spending (in usD) in the united States Federal,
State, and Local Fiscal
year
2013
Government Pensions
Government Health Care
Government Education
National Defense
Government Welfare
All Other Spending
Total Government Spending
Federal Deficit
$1.1 trillion
+
$1.2 trillion
+
$0.8 trillion
+
$0.9 trillion
+
$0.6 trillion
+
$1.6 trillion
$6.3 trillion
+
$0.9 trillion
Chart 4: Estimated amount to be spent by the U.S. in 2013
Notes : fiscal- adjective; of or relating to government
revenue, especialty taxes of or retating
to financial matters
S ou rce : http ://www. usg overn m entspend i n g. com
- END OF PAPER
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