Battle of Lucsuhin

Relation of the Voyage to Luzon

May 8, 1570

On the eighth of May of this year, one thousand five hundred and seventy, the master-of-camp, Martin
de Goite, left the river of Panay with ninety arquebusiers and twenty sailors on board the following
vessels: the junk San Miguel, of about fifty tons' burden with three large pieces of artillery; the frigate
La Tortuga; and fifteen praus manned by natives of ubu and of the island of Panay. The officers who
accompanied the master-of-camp were Captain Joan de Salzedo (grandson of the governor), Sergeant-
major Juan de Moron, Ensign-major Amador de Riaran, the high constable Gavriel de Ribera, and the
notary-in-chief Hernando Riquel.

May 8, 1570 left the river of Panay
master-of-camp, Martin de Goite
ninety arquebusiers and twenty sailors
the following vessels:
1. the junk San Miguel, of about fifty tons' burden with three large pieces of artillery;
2. the frigate La Tortuga;
3. and fifteen praus manned by natives of ubu and of the island of Panay
officers who accompanied the master-of-camp were:
1. Captain Joan de Salzedo (grandson of the governor),
2. Sergeant-major Juan de Moron,
3. Ensign-major Amador de Riaran,
4. the high constable Gavriel de Ribera,
5. and the notary-in-chief Hernando Riquel.


Zibuyan --- Banton --- Mindoro

northwest for two days, they arrived at the island of Zibuyan
fourteen leagues from the river of Panay, and went to the island of Mindoro
river of Panay > island of Mindoro = 14 (fourteen) leagues
island of Banton is about fifteen leagues from Cibuyan
island of Banton > Cibuyan = 15 fifteen leagues
(natives of this island of Banton, as well as those of Cibuyan, are handsome, and paint themselves)
island of Banton to that of Bindoro there is a distance of about twelve leagues
island of Banton > Bindoro = 12 twelve leagues

The master-of-camp reached this latter place, and anchored there with all the vessels in his charge.
Mindoro is also called the lesser Luon. All its ports and maritime towns are inhabited by Moros. We
hear that inland live naked people called Chichimecos. As far as could be seen, this island lacks
provisions.
[Chichimeca was the name that the Nahua peoples of Mexico generically applied to many bands and tribes of nomadic and semi-nomadic
peoples who inhabited northern modern-day Mexico and southwestern United States. Chichimeca carried the same sense as the Roman term
"barbarian" to describe people living outside settled, agricultural areas. The name and its pejorative sense was adopted by the Spanish. For the
Spanish, in the words of scholar Charlotte M. Gradie, "the Chichimecas were a wild, nomadic people who lived north of the Valley of Mexico.
They had no fixed dwelling places, lived by hunting, wore no clothes and fiercely resisted foreign intrusion into their territory, which happened
to contain silver mines the Spanish wished to exploit."

In modern times only one ethnic group is customarily referred to as Chichimecs, namely the Chichimeca Jonaz of whom a few thousand live in
the state of Guanajuato.]

Chichimecos

RIVER OF BATO
News reached the master-of-camp that, in a river five leagues from the place where the ships had
anchored, were two vessels from China, the inhabitants of which these natives call Sangleyes. Seeing
that the weather did not permit him to send the large ship, because the wind was blowing south by
west, he despatched Captain Juan de Salzedo, with the praus and rowboats to reconnoiter the said
ships, and to request peace and friendship with them. This step had scarcely been taken when the
southwest wind began to blow so violently, that our people were compelled to put into a harbor, and to
find shelter for that night behind a promontory. Four praus and the frigate, unable to do this, found
shelter farther away; and, keeping always in sight of the shore, these vessels looked for the ships all that
night. The next morning they were overtaken by five of the other vessels and the frigate, which were
searching for them. The master-of-camp and captain Juan de Salzedo were still behind, with the large
junk and the other praus. At break of day, the praus which had preceded the others reached the river
where the Chinese ships were anchored. The Chinese, either because news of the Spaniards had
reached them, or because they had heard arquebuse-shots, were coming out side by side with foresails
up, beating on drums, playing on fifes, firing rockets and culverins, and making a great warlike display.
Many of them were seen on deck, armed with arquebuses and unsheathed cutlasses. The Spaniards,
who are not at all slothful, did not refuse the challenge offered them by the Chinese; on the contrary
they boldly and fearlessly attacked the Chinese ships, and, with their usual courage, grappled them. This
was certainly a rash move on their part, for the Chinese ships were large and high, while the praus were
so small and low that they hardly reached to the first pillar of the enemy's ships. But the goodly aim of
the arquebusiers was so effective that the Chinese did not leave their shelter, and the Spaniards were
thus enabled to board their ships and take possession of them. There were about eighty Chinese on
board the two ships; about twenty were killed in the affray. The soldiers searched the cabins in which
the Chinese kept their most valuable goods, and there they found silk, both woven and in skeins; gold
thread, musk, gilded porcelain bowls, pieces of cotton cloth, gilded water-jugs, and other curious
articlesalthough not in a large quantity, considering the size of the ships. The decks of both vessels
were full of earthen jars and crockery; large porcelain vases, plates, and bowls; and some fine
porcelain jars, which they call sinoratas. They also found iron, copper, steel, and a small quantity of
wax which the Chinese had bought. Captain Juan de Salzedo arrived with the rear-guard of the praus,
after the soldiers had already placed in safety the goods taken from the Chinese ships. He was not at all
pleased with the havoc made among the Chinese. The master-of-camp, Martin de Goite, who had
remained behind with the large ship, showed much more displeasure, when he heard of the occurrence.
As soon as he was able to cast anchor with the junk in the RIVER OF BATO (the name of the place where
the Chinese vessels were found), he made all haste to make them understand that he was sorry for their
misfortune, and that they had done wrong in sallying forth against the Spaniards. Nevertheless, he said
he would give them, besides their freedom, a ship, in which they might return to their own country
without any hindrancebesides whatever was necessary for their voyage. This was highly appreciated
by the Chinese, who, being very humble people, knelt down with loud utterances of joy.
After this proposal had been made clear to the Chinese, and gladly accepted by them, the master-of-
camp entrusted the chief notary, Hernando Riquel, with the repairing of one of the shipsordering him
to have the hatchway taken out, and to send all that the ship contained to the port of Panay. Seeing that
the sails, masts, and rigging of the vessels were so different from ours that none of his men had any
knowledge of them, the master-of-camp thought best to ask the Chinese to send three or four of their
sailors with the junk to Panay, in company with some friendly Moros of Luon, who were with the
Spaniards. The Chinese very willingly agreed to that, and provided the required men. Thus the ship was
despatched with twelve Lucon Moros, four Chinese, and four Spanish soldiers of the guard.
In this river of Bato was found some green pepper growing on trees as small as shrubs, with their
clusters like agias. Here they learned that the town of Mindoro, which is the capital of that island, was
five leagues from Bato, and that three more Chinese ships were there. They also heard that the Moros
of Mindoro had made great preparations for its defense, and had provided themselves with a large
number of culverins, arrows, and other offensive weapons, and were intrenched in a very strong fort.
In consideration of this, and the fact that the Spaniards in this country have always desired to come in
conflict with people who do not flee from them, they decided to proceed immediately to that island
although the natives of the river of Bato offered them peace, and promised to pay them two hundred
gold taels (the equivalent of two thousand pesos de minas in Spanish reckoning), if they would remain
there a few days. The master-of-camp assured them of peace, and, telling them to have the money
ready upon his return, set out for the port of Mindoro.

in a river of Bato (?) > from the place where the ships had anchored [two vessels from China] = 5 (five)
leagues
Mindoro
(is also called the lesser Luon.)
Departing from the river of Baco in the morning, the Spaniards arrived, by noon, at the town of Mindoro
(Minolo) , which is an excellent though poorly-sheltered seaport. The harbor has only one entrance. Its
waters beat against a hill which is the first and the smallest of a chain of three hills overlooking the
port. The other two hills are very craggy and thus form a defense to the pass for the natives. Many
armed Moros appeared on the first hillbowmen, lancers, and some gunners, linstocks in hand. All
along the hillside stood a large number of culverins. The foot of the hill was fortified by a stone wall
over fourteen feet thick. The Moros were well attired after their fashion, and wore showy head-
dresses, of many colors, turned back over their heads. Many of them were beating drums, blowing
horns made from shells, and ringing bells. The number of men was quite large.
The master-of-camp arrived with his ship, ahead of the oared praus. When the first prau arrived, he
embarked in it with the chief notary, Hernando Riquel, the interpreter, and a recently-converted Moro,
who served as guide. With only these men, and one soldier armed with a shield, the master-of-camp
advanced toward the Moro fort. He reached the foot of the hill, without allowing any others to follow
him; and, being unable to proceed any further on account of its steepness, he summoned from above
two Moros, to treat for peace. There seemed to be a difference of opinion among the Moros, as was
gathered from their demeanor, for some made gestures of war, and others of peace, some of them
even going so far as to throw a few stones and level the culverins. On the whole, they were not very
anxious to fight. Meanwhile, the master-of-camp was so near them that they could have spit on him. All
the Spaniards had already disembarked, and stood at an arquebuse-shot from the master-of-camp. The
latter was so anxious to win over those Moros and gain their confidence, because they exhibited fear,
that he wished to climb the hill on all fours to reach them; but his companions dissuaded him from this.
At this time Captain Juan de Salzedo, the sergeant-major, the high constable, and the ensign-major,
came up; and the master-of-camp, the captain, and the officials were assembled there, with but one
soldier, for the master-of-camp would not allow the others to advance. The Moros having seen the
peaceful attitude of our people, one of them descended the hill, almost on all fours. Our Moro guide
advanced toward him; but, on account of the great steepness of the hill, he had to be helped up by the
other Moro. After they had seen and recognized each other, and after the customary embrace and kiss,
they descended to the master-of-camp. The latter told the Moro who had come down, through the
interpreter, that he need not fear; for he had not come to harm them, but to seek their friendship. The
Moro carried the message to the others upon the hill, and a chief came down; and, upon reaching the
master-of-camp, said that he and all the town wished to be his friends, and to help the Spaniards with
whatever they possessed. The master-of-camp answered that the proposition was acceptable;
whereupon the Moro chief asked him to withdraw from that placesaying that, after they had
withdrawn, he would come to treat of friendship and of what was to be given. The master-of-camp, in
order to please him, agreed to this; and told the chief that he was going to review his men, and that he
should not be offended when he should hear arquebuse-shots and the noise of artillery. Accordingly, he
withdrew to the place where his men were drawn up in order, and there a fine review took placethe
company closing ranks in such perfect order that both the friendly Indians (who came with us, to the
number of five or six hundred) and the Moros were greatly frightened. The master-of-camp ordered
that the cannon amidship on the large vessel be fired, although not to increase their fright. The review
had not yet ended when a Moro came with sixty gold taels, which he gave to the master-of-camp
asking him not to be offended if the gift were not brought quickly, because the people had dispersed
through fear, and therefore it could not be collected so soon; but he promised that they would raise the
amount to four hundred taels. The master-of-camp received this gold, and had it placed in a small box,
the key of which he gave to the Moro, telling him to keep it until the promise was fulfilled; but to
consider that after treason nothing could be more blameworthy than falsehood. The Moro salaamed
low, and said that he would not lie, and that they would fulfil their promise, little by little. And so they
did, for, on that same day, four more messengers came with gold; and all entreated and begged the
master-of-camp not to be offended at the delay, if there should be any. With these flatteries and
promises the Moros detained us about five days, during which time we had friendly dealings and
intercourse with them, although they mistrusted us to a certain extent. They had already abandoned
the first town on the shore and had withdrawn to a hill about two hundred paces away. There most of
them had taken their wives, children, and part of their goods, although the best part of their property
was kept farther inland. This hill was so well fortified by nature, that, had it not been for the two
ladders, which the Moros kept in two places, one could have ascended it only with wings.
Notwithstanding all these difficulties, our Spaniards paid them friendly visits. On this little fortified spot
the Moros had built their huts, as high as Mexican market-tents. They resembled a crowd of children
with their holiday toys. During these five days, the Moros had, little by little, given two hundred taels of
impure gold, for they possess great skill in mixing it with other metals. They give it an outside
appearance so natural and perfect, and so fine a ring, that unless it is melted they can deceive all men,
even the best of silversmiths. While in this port of Mindoro the master-of-camp sought information
concerning the distance to Manilla and the towns which would be found on the journey. Our interpreter
disagreed with the Moros of Mindoro as to the number of days it would take; but they all agreed that
it was far, and that perhaps the weather would not permit us to sail thither. The natives of Mindoro
added also that the Spaniards were crazy to go to Manilla with so small a force, and that they pitied
us. They recounted so many wonders of Manilla that their tales seemed fabulous; they said that there
were very large oared boats, each carrying three hundred rowers, besides the warriors; that the
people were well armed and excellent bowmen; that the ships were well equipped with artillery, both
large and small; and that any one of those vessels could attack two praus, and sink them when within
range. With these accounts the Moros tried to discourage the Spaniards; but the more they attempted
to frighten them with such things the more desirous they all became to set foot in Manilla. In view of
this, the master-of-camp did not wait for the full payment of what the Moros had promised; but,
warning them to have the remainder ready upon his return, he left them on friendly terms, and set out
for the town of Manilla with all his men.


Balayan
He left the port of Mindoro at midnight, and the next morning cast anchor before a small island lying
between Mindoro and Lucon, where he remained two days waiting for the praus. Meanwhile, having
sufficient leisure, he crossed over to the shore of Lucon, which was about two leagues distant; and
discovered in that same island a wide, spacious bay. The praus went forward, in company with one of
the Moros belonging to the town of Balayan, who had offered their friendship.

Bombon
These Moros pointed out to Captain Juan de Salcedo, who went with the oared praus, the mouth of a
river which led inland to a lake, called Bombon. All the praus entered this river, and came upon an
uninhabited town. After the Moro guides from Balayan had gathered all the house commodities that
they could store in their prau, they told the Spaniards that they wished to warn their own village, so that
their people should not be anxious; and so they went away, leaving the Spaniards in that river.
The master-of-camp took a different route with his junk, and cast anchor before the town of Balayan,
two leagues from the river of Bombon. While anchored there, and while the master-of-camp was
fretting over the non-appearance of the praus that sailed with him (since now it was already two hours
after nightfall), at that very time one of them, under command of Captain Juan de Salcedo, made its
appearance. He had been wounded in the leg by a poisoned arrow. Soon afterward, the other praus
and vessels which had sailed in his company arrived. They reported to the master-of-camp that they had
entered a narrow arm of the sea, which the land inward forms into a medium-sized lake, around which
seemed to be many people and much cultivated land. The country seemed thickly populated and well
tilled. Captain Juan de Salcedo advanced farther up those waters, in search of a fortified place of which
information had been received on the way thithersituated on both sides of the water, and thus very
high and rugged, and suitable for laying ambuscades. This proved to be true; for suddenly, and without
them being able to see any one, many arrows came flying through the air, one of which wounded
Captain Juan de Salcedo in the leg; and many more would have been wounded had not the prau been
supplied with canvas guards. The arquebusiers immediately hastened to their posts with their medicine,
and prevented the Moros from discharging another volley of arrows, which ceased at their coming. The
captain secured an antidotal herb for his wound; and, seeing that the approach to the fort was too
dangerous and that it was impossible to effect a landing, he went back to collect his praus, and to look
for a shore where he could easily disembark. A landing-place was found near the town; the men
disembarked, and set out on foot in search of the Moros. The latter appeared in a broad plain, covered
with grass about a hand-span high. The men were divided into two troops, in order to attack the Moros,
who were shooting arrows as rapidly as they could, and wildly shouting. The Moros waited until the
Spaniards began to hit their flanks with arquebuse bullets; and then, seeing the rage of their opponents,
they took to flight. Our men pursued them to the very gate of their town, where more than forty
Moros fell under the fire from the arquebuses.
The Spaniards entered the town, and set free two Chinamen, who were kept there in chains. They
learned from these men the ostensible reason for their imprisonment, as follows. Two Chinese ships had
come to trade with the Moros in this river; but, hearing of our presence in Mindoro, they desired to
betake themselves thither. The Moros would not allow them to go away. In the quarrel that ensued over
the question of their departure, the Chinese fired a culverin from one of the ships and killed a Moro
chief. The Moros assembled to avenge him, and overtook the Chinese as they were about to sail out to
sea through the estuary. It seems that the vessels were wrecked on certain shoals at the entrance to the
estuary, and the Chinese with all their possessions fell into the power of the Moros, who inflicted on
them a severe punishmentseizing them all, and putting them to death by inches in a most cruel
manner, flaying their faces, and exposing them on reeds and mats. When the Spaniards entered the
town, they encountered not a few similar sights; and so recent was this deed that the flayed faces of the
Chinese were still bleeding.
town of Balayan > river of Bombon =2(two) leagues

Balayan and Tulayansi
Such was the account given by Captain Joan de Salcedo of what had occurred that day during his
absence from the master-of-camp. The Balayan Moros who had come out peacefully detained the
master-of-camp there for three or four days, giving him, little by little, some impure gold. The latter, to
avoid any further delay, decided to proceed to Manilla. Accordingly, he left these Moros, on peaceful
terms, telling them to collect for his return what was lacking of the amount promised. Then he sailed
along the coast toward Manilla, which was said to be three leagues from that town. The chiefs of this
town of Balayan said that they wished to accompany the Spaniards one day's journey from their town, in
order to avenge themselves for injuries and wrongs received at the hands of some neighboring
communities on the coast called Tulayansi. Therefore seven or eight praus of Moros went with us, and,
when we reached that coast, two praus with white flags were seen, which advanced to the ship of the
master-of-camp. Upon arriving there, they declared that they were natives of that coast, and that three
towns, which could be seen with the naked eye, wished to be our friends, and to give us tribute as the
others did. The master-of-camp received them in peace, and assured them of friendship,
notwithstanding that the Balayan Moros who came with us opposed himsaying that those people
ought not to be admitted to friendship, because they were hostile to themselves for making peace with
us first. These arguments were of little avail, for the master-of-camp declared to both parties, that he
had come to make friendship with all, and that his friends should have no differences between
themselves; that, in case they did, it would be right for them to go to the Spaniards for the settlement of
them; and that the one breaking with the other would be considered as enemy of the Spaniards. When
they heard this answer, both sides promised to abide by that decision, whereupon the master-of-camp
dismissed them all, advising those natives who had lately offered their friendship, to have the tribute
ready upon his return.
According to the men of Balayan the enmity between these towns was because a Balayan vessel, on its
return from Manilla, laden with merchandise, was driven by stormy weather on that coast of Tulay, and
the natives showed them so excellent hospitality that, instead of helping and receiving them kindly, as
neighbors should, they stole the goods of the Balayans and killed two of them, setting their heads on
stakes. Similar sights were noticed by the Spaniards in these towns, which still exhibited the cruelty of
the deed.
This coast is called Tulay. It has broad shoals and for this reason, as well as for the keen desire of all our
men to set foot in Manilla, they remained there only one night. Therefore at dawn they set out for the
town called Menilla, which according to report was quite near. They sailed along the coast, noting many
bays and ports. There were some towns along the shore, whose inhabitants and citizens had sought
other shelter, taking away the best of their possessions. The oared vessels came to shore, to see what
these towns contained; but, finding no people, they sailed on. The large vessel was sailing about a
league from the coast. Here they met some small boats, which the natives call tapaques. They were
laden with provisions, rice, and salted sardines without the heads, resembling those which are found in
Espaa. The soldiers of the praus took away a quantity of rice from the Moros, who did not defend
themselves. The latter were allowed to depart in freedom, with their vessels. There were some who did
defend themselves, and wounded two Spaniards and killed one of the friendly Indians who accompanied
us. The master-of-camp, as he was sailing in the large vessel, was unable to put a stop to these
disorders, for they were occurring in his absence. When he learned of this, and that the Moro ships were
coming from the bay of Menilla laden with provisions, he cast anchor in a small port; and there, calling
together all the praus, censured the men for their disorderly conduct, ordering them not to depart from
his ship from that time on.



Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon
April 20, 1572

I have ventured to write this relation because I have been informed that many things concerning events
in this land have been written, and sent to Nueva Espaa, which are the MEREST FABLE AND
CONJECTURE. For instance, they say that there are in this country Moors like those of Barberia
[Barbary], and that their strength in arms is quite equal to that of those people; and that they fight
and defend themselves like the Turks. THOSE WHO HAVE SO WRITTEN ARE IN ERROR. Much to the
contrary, it is quite certain that the natives of this island of Luzn, whom we Spaniards commonly call
Moros, are not so; for the truth is that they do not know or understand the law of MahomaONLY IN
SOME OF THE VILLAGES ON THE SEACOAST they do not eat pork, and this for the reason that they have
had dealings with the Moros of Burney, who have preached to them a little of the teaching of Mahoma.
As I shall farther on treat more in detail of the rites and ceremonies of these natives, I SHALL IN THE
FIRST PLACE DESCRIBE THE WARS BETWEEN THEM AND THE SPANIARDS, WITHOUT USELESS
AMPLIFICATION OR OMISSION; FOR THUS HAVE I BEEN INSTRUCTED TO DO BY A CERTAIN PERSON
WHO HAS ORDERED ME TO WRITE, AND THUS WHATEVER I MAY SAY IN DEFENSE OF THESE NATIVES
WILL BE READ WITHOUT ANY MISTRUST WHATEVER, FOR WHOSOEVER READS THIS WILL KNOW THE
TRUTH WITH REGARD TO WHAT OCCURS HERE.

Expedition of Captain Juan de Salzedo
The first thing which I shall attempt to relate herein will be an expedition which was made by Captain
Juan de Salzedo when he was governor in the island of Panai (?). As has been already related in other
accounts, written in the year sixty-nine, the Portuguese raised the blockade established by them on
the island of ub against the camp of his Majesty, because of certain difficulties which arose; and the
governor determined to cross to the island of Panay with his captains in order to levy tribute upon the
people of certain provinces. His nephew, recently made captain of the company which his brother
Felipe de Sauzedo had brought to these islands, was sent with forty soldiers to certain islands.

Captain Juan de Salzedo
forty soldiers
fourteen or fifteen small native boats
Elem
Mamburau
Loban

This captain embarked in fourteen or fifteen small native boats, and set out for an islet which is called
Elem, and when we had reached this island we did not find any resistance whatever, for all the natives
came to us in peace.
From there, led by a guide, he crossed to the island of Mindoro, and made an attack one night just about
dawn upon a very rich native village called Mamburau, and plundered it. Many of the natives were
captured, some of whom afterward bought their liberty, and others were allowed to go free.
Thence he took a guide for a little islet, Loban by name, which is fifteen leagues farther.
Mamburau > Loban = 15 (fifteen) leagues
When the captain was departed, the natives, who had fled from the village, returned and saw the
havoc and destruction caused by the Spaniards, and were unwilling to return to rebuild it; accordingly
they themselves set fire to it, and totally destroyed it. The captain, having arrived at his destination at
midnight, with all possible secrecy leaped ashore, and arranged his men and the Pintados Indians whom
he had with him in ambuscade near the villages, in order to make the attack upon them at daybreak.
However, the natives of this island having been informed of the hostile incursion of the Spaniards,
withdrew with their children and wives and all their belongings that they could take with them, to
three forts which they had constructed. Now since these were the first natives whom we found with
forts and means of defense, I shall describe here the forts and weapons which they possessed. The
two principal forts were square in form, with ten or twelve culverins on each side, some of them
moderately large and others very small. Each fort had a wall two estados high, and was surrounded by
a ditch two and one-half brazas in depth, filled with water. The small weapons used by these natives
are badly tempered iron lances, which become blunt upon striking a fairly good coat of mail, a kind of
broad dagger, and arrowswhich are weapons of little value. Other lances are also used which are
made of fire-hardened palm-wood and are harder than the iron ones. There is an abundance of a
certain very poisonous herb which they apply to their arrows. Such are the weapons which the natives
of these islands possess and employ. Now as the captain approached the villages at daybreak, and
found them empty, he proceeded through a grove to the place where the first fort was situated; and,
having come in sight, negotiated with them, asking whether they desired to be friends of the Spaniards.
The natives, confident of their strength, refused to listen, and began to discharge their culverins and a
few arrows. The captain, seeing that they would not listen to reason, ordered them to be fired upon.
The skirmish lasted in one place or the other about three hours, since the Spaniards could not assault or
enter the fort because of the moat of water surrounding it. But, as fortune would have it, the natives
had left on the other side, tied to the fort, a small boat capable of holding twenty men; and two of our
soldiers threw themselves into the water and swam across, protected by our arquebusiers from the
enemy, who tried to prevent them. This boat having been brought to the side where the Spaniards
were, fifteen soldiers entered it and approached the rampart of the fort. As soon as these men began to
mount the rampart, the Indians began to flee on the other side, by a passage-way which they had made
for that very purpose. It is true that thirty or forty Moros fought and resisted the entrance of the
Spaniards; but when they saw that half of our people were already on the wall, and the rest in the act of
mounting, they all turned their backs and fled. A hundred or more of them were killed, while of our men
five were wounded. In this way was the fort taken, together with fifty or sixty prisoners, ten or twelve
culverins, and everything else in it. On the morning of the next day, which was the second of May, in the
year one thousand five hundred and seventy, the captain set free one of the Moro prisoners, and sent
him to the second fort, which was in the middle of the island very near the first one, and charged him
to tell them that he summoned them to surrender peacefully. The Moro having performed his mission,
and delivered the message of the captain to those in the fort, they sent back the reply that they did not
desire to be friends with the Spaniards but were eager to fight with them; and with this reply the Indian
aforesaid returned to the captain. On the following day we went with some four hundred friendly
Indians to the fort; and the captain, advancing within sight of it, addressed them, asking that they
should be friends with the Spaniards and not try to fight with them, as that would result badly for them.
They again declared that they did not desire this friendship, and began to fire their culverins and
discharge arrows; and in return the soldiers discharged, on all sides, their arquebuses. But during the
whole day we were not able to enter the fort, for we Spaniards were very few in number; and the heat
was intense, and we had not eaten, although it was near night. The captain, seeing that he had not
accomplished anything, decided to return to the boats which he had left behind, and on the next
morning again to besiege the fort, and hem them in as closely as possible; and thus he did. Having come
in this manner and having grounded his boats upon a beach close to the enemy, when these latter saw
the determination of the Spaniards, and that they would not depart under any circumstances until they
had conquered them, they therefore determined to make peace and become friends. To this end the
leaders came out of the fort and made peace and friendship with the captain, becoming good friends,
which they are up to the present time. They gave him a hundred tall [taels] of gold, which he divided
among his soldiers. From there the captain went to a rock belonging to another small islet very near to
that of Loban, and lying in the sea at a very short distance from the said islet. The natives who lived in
that island had retired to this rock to the number of about three hundred warriors. The captain, having
arrived on the same day at about ten o'clock, went around the rock, and we captured a small boat
containing thirty men. Many volleys from the arquebuses were fired at them during this day; and on the
following morning the soldiers began to make ladders to scale the rockwhose occupants, when they
saw the determination of the Spaniards, came to terms of peace and friendship, giving another hundred
tall of gold, following the example of those of the other fort, who had been left good friends.

Returned to Panay
The captain returned with all of us who were with him to the island of Panay, where the governor was
with the master-of-camp, who had returned from another expedition made with his men to an island
called Acuyo. Thereupon the question was discussed of sending men to explore the island of Luzn;
and it was agreed that the master-of-camp and captain Juan de Sauzedo should set out upon this
expedition with a hundred soldiers.



In consideration of this service the first repartimiento in this island and a river called Bonbn was
allotted to him.


Translations: The second and third documents are translated by Alfonso de Salvio

Posesin de Martn de Goiti de las islas de Lubn y otras
June 6, 1570
Act of Taking Possession of Luzon
In the island called by the natives Luzon the greater, in a town and river of the same called Manila, on
the sixth of June in the year one thousand five hundred and seventy, the honorable Martin de Goite,
his Majesty's master-of-camp in these Western Islands, declared before me, Hernando Riquel, chief
government notary, and in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, that, inasmuch asa thing well
and generally knownhis Excellency being in this river of Manila, with the men and ships accompanying
him, and having made peace and drawn his blood with two chiefs, styling themselves kings of this said
town (by name Soliman and Raxa respectively), and without giving them cause or treating them in a
manner that would make the said natives change their attitude, the above said chiefs began war
treacherously and unexpectedly, without advising him beforehand; and wounded and seized certain
Indians accompanying us. After that they discharged the artillery in their fort, two balls from which
struck the ship San Miguel, on board of which was the said master-of-camp. He, in order to guard
himself from the injury which the said Moros were doing him in starting the war, and to prevent their
artillery from harming his men, attacked the said fort of the Moros, and captured it by force of arms and
is now in possession of it. And inasmuch as the said fort and town of Manila have been won in lawful
and just war, and since, according to the said natives, Manila is the capital of all the towns of this said
island: therefore in his Majesty's name, he was occupying and did occupy, was taking and did take, royal
ownership and possession, actual and quasi, of this said island of Luzon and of all the other ports, towns,
and territories adjoining and belonging to this said island. Moreover, as a sign of real occupation, he
ordered his ensign to raise the flag of his company on the fort built by the natives, had the artillery
found in the said fort taken for his Majesty, and performed other acts and duties as a sign of real
occupation. And when he had thus taken the said possession in his Majesty's name, he asked me, the
aforesaid notary, to certify and attest it, and to draw up a statement so that the proceeding might be
clearly set forth. In fulfilment of that demand, I, the said Hernando Riquel, certify, as an actual witness,
to whomsoever may see this present, that the said master-of-camp took and seized in his Majesty's
name the said possession in the manner above specified. And in affirmation of the above I draw up this
statement, which the said master-of-camp signed; witnesses to all the abovesaid being the sergeant-
major Juan de Morones, the high constable Graviel de Rrivera, the ensign-in-chief Gaspar Ramirez,
and many other soldiers in the said fort.
MARTIN DE GOITE
Drawn in my presence:
HERNANDO RIQUEL
Collated with the original, which is in my possession.
HERNANDO RIQUEL
*Endorsed: Possession taken of the island of Luon in his Majesty's name. Possession of Luzon.+
________________________________________
1 Bound up with the MS. of this document, in the archives at Sevilla, are similar official acts for the
islands of Luban, Similara, Baluyan, Helin, and Vindoro.



Tagalog
Sinabi rin ng marinero na 2 dyong mula Luzon ang nasa Butuan nuon, nakikipag-kalakal ng ginto, pagkit (wax) at
mga alipin (esclavos, slaves). Mas malayo daw sa hilaga (norte, north) ang Luzon kaysa Borney (lungsod ng Brunei,
nabulol sa Borneo at naging pangalan ng buong pulo).

Butuan, mga taga-Luzon

Natagpuan namin ang daungan ng Butuan, sulat ni Mirandaola kay Felipe 2 tungkol sa pagsiyasat nila sa
Beguindanao (Mindanao), at may 2 dyong ng Moro kaming dinatnan, na mula daw sa Luson (Luzon) na malapit sa
malaking pulo na tinawag na Borney (Brunei).

Nakipag-kaibigan daw sila ni Lavezaris sa pinuno ng Butuan ayon sa utos ni Legazpi. Pumayag nuong una ang mga
taga-Butuan na makipag-kalakal sa Espaol ngunit tumanggi pagkatapos silang bulungan ng mga taga-Luzon na
masisira daw sila kapag nakipag-kalakal sa amin.

Napilitang sa mga taga-Luzon na lamang nakipag-kalakal ang mga Espaol na nilimot ang utos ni Legazpi na
magsiyasat, lalo na nang mabalitaan nilang maraming dalang ginto ang mga taga-Luzon sa 2 dyong. Lulusubin na
sana ng mga Espaol, ganti lamang daw sa ginawang pagsira sa kanila sa mga taga-Butuan, at dinaya pa raw sila,
hinaluan ng lupa ang mga buslo ng pagkit (wax) na inilako sa mga Espaol.

Pinigilan sila nina Capitan Isla, Lavezaris at Mirandaola. At upang maiwasan ang bakbakan laban sa mga taga-Luzon,
mabilis na bumalik ang San Juan sa Bohol. Pinagalitan sila ni Legazpi dahil wala silang siniyasat, basta inatupag ang
kani-kanilang pagkalakal.
Pagkaraan ng 9 araw, bumalik ang bangka ng mga taga-Bohol, hindi raw nila nakita o nabalitaan ang mga Espaol
sa frigate at malaki ang kaba ni Legazpi na napatay silang lahat. Kapalaran naman, nuong gabi ring iyon, bumalik
ang frigate. Pagod at gutom ang mga sakay ngunit malusog at walang napatay maliban sa marinerong taga-Borneo
na tumulong sa kanila. Naligo raw sa isang ilog sa pulo ng mga negro (tinawag na Negros ng Espaol, dating Buglas
ang pangalan) at pinatay ng mga tagaruon.

Hindi kami nakadaong sa lakas ng agos ng dagat, sabi nila kay Legazpi. Bumaybay na lamang kami sa pulo ng
mga negro at sa Cebu.

Umikot pa sila sa buong Cebu upang makabalik kaya 20 araw silang nawala dahil bandang 150 legua (720
kilometro) ang sukat ng pulo. Marami silang nakitang mga tao, at mga pagkain, sa Cebu ngunit kahit na gutom na
gutom na sila, dahil 6 araw na pagkain lamang ang dala nila nuong nagsimula, hindi sila naglakas luob na dumaong.

Ang Ika-3 Aklasan

DAHIL sagad na sa gutom, ibat ibang pangkat ang pinalaot ni Legazpi upang maghakot ng pagkain at gamit mula sa
mga pulo sa malapit at sa malayo. Gaya nuong ika-2 aklasan, sinamantala ito ng mga naiwang tauhan sa Cebu
upang magsabwatan (complicidad, conspiracy).

Sa pamuno ng isang soldado, tinawag na Carrion, binalak nilang agawin ang isang dyong ng mga taga-Luzon at
mangulimbat (robo, robbery) sa pali-paligid hangkang makapag-ipon ng sapat na pagkain, kagamitan at kayamanan
upang makapaglakbay sa Maluku (Moluccas, spice islands) upang sumanib sa mga Portuguese na karibal ng mga
Espaol.
Isiniwalat ang balak ng isang taga-France na, gaya ni Carrion, ay kasangkot sa unang aklasan subalit pinatawad at
hindi pinarusahan ni Legazpi. Dinakip si Carrion at isa pang tauhan.

Hindi na pinatawad uli, binitay silang dalawa.


2 Salakay Sa Mindoro

MAYO 8, 1570. Pumeka mula sa ilog Panay si Martin de Goiti, ang Pangalawa (master-of-camp) ni Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi, at si Capitan Juan de Salzedo, apo ni Legazpi, governador ng pulo ng Panay, at conquistador ng Mamburau
at Loban, 2 baranggay sa Mindoro.

Kasama ang 110 sundalong Espaol - 90 nakasanda ng de boga (arquebusiers) at 20 marino - sakay sa dyong
(barkong pandagat ng mga taga-Java) na may 3 kanyon (caones, cannon), ang San Miguel, at sa maliit na barkong
frigate, ang La Tortuga.

Kabuntot ang 15 parao, bangkang pandagat ng mga tagapulo, sakay ang mahigit 400 mandirigma mula Cebu at
Panay, tinawag na pintados ng mga Espaol dahil sa mga tattoo nila, at sa pagpahid nila ang pulang tisa (red clay)
sa buong katawan, subalit Visaya ang tawag nila sa mga sarili.

Lulusob sila sa mayamang kaharian ng Luzon.

Ang Unang Lusob

PAGKA-ALIS ng mga Portuguese nuong 1569, tumawid si Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, kasama ang mga pinuno ng
kanyang pangkat, sa pulo ng Panay upang kumalkal ng buwis (tribute) mula sa mga tagaruon. Inutusan din niya si
Capitan Salcedo, ang apo (nieto, grandson) niya, na kumuha ng pagkain at buwis mula sa mga tao sa ibat ibang
pulo sa tabi.

Pinuno na si Salcedo nuon ng mga kawal (soldados, soldiers) na dinala sa Pilipinas ng kapatid niya, si Felipe de
Salcedo. Sakay sa 15 malalaking bangka (banca, canoes) na kinuha sa mga taga-Cebu at taga-Panay, hinakot ni
Salcedo ang 40 kawal at maraming taga-Cebu sa pulo ng Elem (Ilin ang tawag ngayon) sa timog (south) ng Mindoro.

Walang lumaban sa mga taga-Elem, mabilis na sumuko lahat at nagbigay ng buwis at pagkain. Hinatak ni Salcedo
ang isang tagaruon upang gamiting gabay (guia, guide) at tumawid sa pulo ng Mindoro.

Tinunton nila ang kanlurang baybayin (western coast) at isang madaling-araw (alba, dawn), nilusob nila ang
malaking baranggay ng Mamburau (Mamburao ang tawag ngayon). Takbuhan ang mga tao at tumakas sa gubat sa
paligid ngunit marami sa mga taga-Mamburao ang nabihag ng mga Espaol. Marami ang nakalkal nila duon.

Kinunan ng pantubos (rescate, ransom) ang mga may ari-arian. Ang mga mahirap ay pinakalawalan na lamang nang
walang bayad, maliban sa isa na pilit nilang isinama bilang gabay sa marami pang mayamang bara-barangay sa
maliit na pulo ng Loban (ang Lubang ngayon), 15 leguas (72 kilometro) sa kanlurang hilaga (northwest) ng Mindoro.

Pag-alis nina Salcedo, nagbalikan ang mga taga-Mamburao mula sa mga gubat. Nang nakita nilang wasak-wasak
ang buong baranggay dahil sa pagkalkal ng mga Espaol, ayaw na nilang itayo uli duon ang kanilang baranggay. Sila
na mismo ang sumunog sa kanilang mga bahay, sinilaban at lubusang binura ang buong baranggay.
3 Kuta ng Lubang

KAHIT hatinggabi na dumating ang pangkat sa Lubang, pinasiya ni Salcedo na lumusob agad. Tahimik niyang
inilagay ang kumpol-kumpol ng kanyang mga sundalo at mga taga-Cebu sa paligid ng mga baranggay upang
tambangan (ambush) ang sinumang lumapit. Pagdating ng madaling-araw, sumalakay silang lahat.

Ngunit walang tao sa mga barangay. Nabalitaan na pala nila ang pagdating ng mga Espaol at tumakas silang lahat,
hakot ang lahat ng kanilang pagkain at mga ari-arian, at nagtago sa 3 kuta (fuerzas, forts) na itinayo nila sa luoban.
Ang mga ito ang kauna-unahang kuta na nakita ng mga Espaol sa Pilipinas.

Malaki ang 2 sa mga kuta, cuadrado ang hugis (corte, shape) may 10 culverin (maliliit na kanyon) sa bawat
tagiliran. Bawat pader (muro, wall) ng kuta ay mahigit 3 metro ang tayog, at bawat kuta ay paligid ng tubig, kulang-
kulang 5 metro ang lalim. Maliban sa mga culverin, ang mga sandata ng mga nasa kuta ay mga pana at palaso, mga
sibat, at mga malapad na kampit (cuchillo, knife). May bahid na lason ang kanilang mga palaso (flecha, arrows).

Pinaligiran ng mga Espaol ang unang kuta. Hinimok ni Salcedo ang mga taga-Lubang na sumuko at magbayad ng
buwis. Sinagot siya ng mga

Arquebusierpalaso at putok ng mga culverin.
Fuego!

Isinigaw ni Salcedo ang salakay at pinagba-baril ng mga Espaol ang mga taga-Lubang. Ngunit wala silang nagawa
sa 3 oras ng pagsalakay, ni hindi sila nakalapit sa kuta dahil sa lalim ng tubig. Nagtago ng isang bangka ang mga
taga-Lubang, nakatali sa labas ng kuta, upang gamitin sa pagtakas kung saka-sakali. Sa malas nila, nakita ito ang
mga taga-Cebu, nilangoy ng 2 sundalong Espaol, at hinila papunta kay Salcedo habang binabaril ng mga sundalo
ang sinumang taga-Lubang sa kuta na pumana o kumanyon sa 2 lumalangoy.

Pinagbabaril uli nang tumawid ang 15 sundalong Espaol na sakay na sa bangka, at pagdating sa kuta, sinugod ang
mga taga-Lubang. Napaurong sa kabilang panig ang mga nasa kuta, naiwan ang 40 mandirigma na pinatay nang
dumami na ang mga Espaol sa paulit-ulit na hakot ng bangka.

Nagtalunan na at tuluyang tumakas ang mga taga-Lubang nang dumating at sumampa na rin ang mga taga-Cebu.
Nadaig ang mga nagtatanggol sa kuta.
Mayo 2, 1570

Mahigit 100 taga-Lubang ang napatay, at mahigit 50 ang nabihag ng mga Espaol. Nakuha rin ang 12 culverin, at
lahat ng pagkain at ari-arian ng mga taga-Lubang sa luob ng kuta.

Kinabukasan, pinakawalan ni Salcedo ang isang bihag na hindi sugatan at pinapunta sa pang-2 kuta sa bandang
kalagitnaan ng pulo, upang himukin silang sumuko rin at magbuwis sa mga Espaol. Hindi masyadong malayo ang
pang-2 kuta at bumalik agad ang bihag:

Ayaw sumuko ng pang-2 kuta, at sabik silang makipag-patayan sa mga Espaol!

Kinabukasan, sumugod ang mga Espaol at ang mahigit 400 mandirigma mula Cebu at Panay, nadagdagan pa ng
ilan-ilang taga-Mindoro. Humarap si Salcedo sa pang-2 kuta at ipinasigaw sa tagapagsalita (interpreter) na
magdurusa sila kapag hindi sila sumuko at ibigay ang kanilang mga pagkain at ari-arian sa mga Espaol.

Sigaw din ang sagot ng mga mandirigma sa pang-2 kuta, sinundan ng mga

palaso at paputok ng kanilang mga culverin. Pinagbabaril naman sila ng mga Espaol. Buong maghapon silang
nagbarilan at nagputukan sa init ng araw, walang nangyari. Malapit na ang takipsilim (anochecer, sunset), pagod na
ang mga Espaol, gutom at buong araw hindi kumain, nang umurong sina Salcedo sa mga bangka nilang
nakadaong sa pampang ng kalapit na ilog. Ipinasiya niya na lumusob uli kinabukasan, paligiran at gitgit hanggang
magiba ang kuta.
Umasa ang mga tao sa pang-2 kuta na umalis na mga kalaban kaya napanghal sila at nasiraan ng luob nang nakita
nilang bumalik kinabukasan ng madaling-araw ang mga Espaol at ang daan-daang kakamping mandirigma. Lalo
silang nasindak nang agad at masugid silang ginitgit at binakbakan uli ng mga Espaol at mga mandirigma.

Natanto nila na hindi sila titigilan ng mga Espaol hanggang hindi sila napapatay na lahat, at hindi nagtagal silang
nagpasiyang sumuko na.

Binigyan nila si Salcedo ng 100 tael (mahigit 4 kilo) ng ginto, na pinaghati-hati sa mga sundalong Espaol. Kinalkal
din ng mga Espaol at ng mga kasamang mandirigma ang mga pagkain at ari-arian sa pang-2 kuta.
Ang Huling Kuta

Nuong araw ding iyon, bandang ika-10 ng umaga, sinugod nina Salcedo ang pang-3 kuta sa isang maliit na pulo sa
tabi ng Lubang. May 300 Parao mandirigmang tagaruon ang nagkubli sa isang tuktok ng maliit at mabatong burol
(cerro, hill). Mabilis na pinaligiran nina Salcedo kaya naharang pa nila ang huling bangka, sakay ang bandang 30

mandirigmang mabagal tumakas.
Maghapon uling nakipag-barilan ang mga Espaol sa 300 tao sa tuktok ng burol. Kinabukasan, gumawa ang mga
Espaol at mga kakamping mandirigma ng mga hagdan (escaleras, ladders) upang akyatin ang burol. Nang
nagsimulang isaklay ang mga hagdan sa burol, nasiraan na ng luob ang mga nasa itaas at sumuko na kay Salcedo.

Nagbigay sila ng 100 tael ng ginto, gaya ng mga sumuko sa pang-2 kuta.

Hakot-hakot lahat ng nakalkal na pagkain at ari-arian nang bumalik sa Panay si Salcedo at naghayag kay Legazpi,
ang lolo niya. Nakatagpo niya ruon si Martin de Goiti na kababalik din kasama ng kanyang mga tauhan matapos
salakayin at sakupin ang pulo ng Acuyo. (Hindi na matanto kung saan itong pulo. May ulat na maaaring ito ang
malaking baranggay ng Abuyog sa Leyte.)

Pinarangalan si Salcedo na conquistador ng Mamburao at Lubang, ang mga kauna-unahang sinakop niya.

Papasok sa Luzon

BAGAMAN at maraming nakalkal ang 2 pangkat, hindi inasahang magtagal ang pagkain, ayon sa karanasan nina
Legazpi sa Cebu, hanggang hindi sila nakaka-tuklas ng malaking puok na may sapat na bukirin (arrozales, ricefields)
upang mapakain taon-taon ang mga Espaol. May ilan-ilan nang mga Espaol ang humiwalay at naki-bahay na sa
mga tao sa ibat ibang pulo sa karatig upang makakain araw-araw.

Upang hindi magkalansag-lansag ang kanilang hukbo, nagpulong ang mga pinuno at mga frayle. Pinasiya nilang
subukang sakupin ang Luzon.

Nabalitaan nilang malawak at mayamang kaharian ito na maaaring tahanan nang permanente ng buong hukbo.
Ipina-alaala ng mga frayle na dapat mapayapa ang gagawing pagpasok sa Luzon, ayon sa utos ni Felipe 2, hari ng
Espaa, na huwag tularan ang naganap na madugong pagsakop ng mga Espaol sa America.

Sumang-ayon sina Legazpi at ang mga pinuno.
Sina Goiti at Salcedo ang piniling mamuno sa pakikipag-kaibigan sa Luzon. Alalay bilang mga pinuno si Sargento
Mejor Juan de Moron, Mejor Amador de Rriaran, punong pulis Graviel de Rribera, at ang tagapag-ulat (notario) ni
Legazpi, si Hernando Riquel.

Pagkalayag pahilaga (northward) nang 2 araw, nilagpasan nila ang pulo ng Zibuyan (Sibuyan, sa pagitan ng
Romblon at Masbate), 14 leguas (67 kilometro) ang layo sa Panay, matayog, bundukin at bantog sa dami ng
minahan ng ginto.

Bandang 15 leguas (72 kilometro) sa hilaga ng Sibuyan, nadaanan nila ang maliit, bilog at matayog na pulo ng
Banton (sa pagitan ng Romblon at Marinduque). Nakatira duon ang ilang Espaol, kasama ng maraming tagapulo
na makikisig at kinukulayan ang mga katawan, at nabubuhay sa pag-pastol at paglako ng mga kambing (cabras,
goats).

Barko ng mga Intsik

Sa kanluran (occidental, west), 12 leguas (58 kilometro) mula Banton, malaki ang pulo ng Bindoro (Mindoro), ang
tinawag na munting Luzon (lesser Luzon). Bahagi nito, sa kanluran, ang baranggay ng Mamburau at ang pulo ng
Lubang (sa tapat ng Batangas), kapwa nalupig na ni Salcedo nuong nakaraang taon, at nagbabayad na ng buwis
(tribute). 2 dyong

Nabalitaan ng mga Espaol na pulos moro (muslim) ang nakatira sa mga dalampasigan sa paligid ng pulo. Sa gubat
ng mga bundok sa luoban, may mga hubad-hubad na tao, unang tinawag ng mga Espaol na Chichimeco, tapos
Manguian. (Mangyan, tagabundok, ang tawag sa kanila ngayon.)

Sa hilaga (norte, north) ng pulo dumaong ang buong pangkat ni Goiti.

Pinakalat niya sa paligid ang mga sundalo at mga Visaya upang magsiyasat. Sa kanyang nakita na, walang mga
bukid sa pulo at malamang kulang sa pagkain: Hindi maaaring mamahay dito ang mga Espaol ni Legazpi. Pagbalik
ng mga nagsiyasat, ibinalita na may 2 dyong ng mga sangley (xiang li, tawag sa sarili ng mga nagkakalakal mula
China) sa ilog Bato (Baco ngayon) 5 legua (24 kilometro) ang layo.
Lumakas ang ihip ng hangin, pakanlurang timog (southwest). Mapanganib pumasok sa ilog ang 2 barkong San
Miguel at La Tortuga. Inutos ni Goiti kay Salcedo na dalhin ang karamihan ng mga parao, naisasagwan kahit saan,
at makipag-payapa sa mga taga-China. Kalilipat pa lamang ng mga sandatahang de boga (arquebusiers) nang
naging bagyo ang hangin at, nuong gabi, nagkahiwa-hiwalay ang mga barko.

Nagkanlong sina Goiti, sakay sa San Miguel, sa tabi ng isang gulod sa dalampasigan. Natangay sa malayo ang La
Tortuga at 4 parao na iniwan ni Salcedo.

Ang mga parao ni Salcedo man ay nakalat din. Pagkaraan ng bagyo nuong madaling-araw, naghanapan silang lahat.
Isang pangkat ng mga parao, ang napadpad sa banda ng ilog Baco, ay nagpaputok ng mga arquebus (baril na de-
sabog) upang marinig ng mga nawawalang kasama.

Biglang lumusob ang mga Intsik.
Bakbakan sa Dagat

Maaaring nagulat sa putukan ng mga baril, bumulwak mula sa ilog ang 2 dyong, ladlad lahat ang layag, hinahalibas
ang mga tambol, bumubuga ang mga torotot at mga sipol, naghihiyawan at panay ang paputok ng mga culverin
(maliit na kanyon) at malalaking kuwitis (cohetes, rockets).

Sanay sa digmaan sa Mexico, hindi nasindak ang mga sundalong Espaol, at lumusob din sila. Pinaligiran nila ang 2
dyong at pinagba-baril ng arquebusiers ang mga Intsik. Napilitang magkubli ang mga sangley. Inakyat ng ibang
sundalo ang mga dyong at naghalo ang balat sa tinalupan.

Sa 80 sangley, 23 ang pinatay. Nabihag ang iba. Hinalughog ang 2 dyong at nakalkal ang maraming sutla (seda, silk),
ginintuang sinulid, mga pabango (perfumes), mga porselanang mangkok, mga telang bulak (cotton), bakal, tanso,
pagkit (wax) na nabili ng mga Intsik sa Mindoro, at mga sinoratas - malalaki at magagandang banga (jars) na
porselana.

Anong ginawa nyo!?

Galit si Salcedo nang nakitang sinalanta ng mga sundalo at mga mandirigma ang mga sangley. Agad siyang
dumating, kasama ang ibang mga parao, nang narinig ang bakbakan.

Pagdating ng San Miguel, lalong galit si Goiti, binulyawan pati ang mga Intsik.
Hindi kayo dapat sumugod! Gusto lang naming makipag-payapa!

Pagbalik ng hinahon, pinakawalan ni Goiti ang mga bihag na Intsik at ibinigay ang isa sa mga barko nila upang
makabalik sila sa China. Dumaong sila sa baranggay sa tabi ng ilog Baco. Si Riquel, ang tagapag-sulat ni Legazpi, ang
inutusang mangasiwa ng pagkumpuni sa barkong babalik sa China.

Pinapunta ni Goiti sa Panay ang pang-2 barko ng mga Intsik, sakay ang mga nakalkal na kalakal, 4 sundalo, 4 Intsik
at 12 taga-Mindoro na sumapi sa mga Espaol. Nangako ang mga taga-Baco na magbibigay sila ng 200 tael ng
ginto, kung maghihintay si Goiti nang ilang araw. (Ang tael ay lumang sukat sa China, katumbas ng 1.5 onsa o
ounce. Kulang-kulang 9 kilo ang 200 tael ng ginto.)

Ibinalita nila kay Goiti na may 3 pang dyong ng mga sangleys sa Mindoro, ang pangunang nayon sa pulo, 5 legua
(24 kilometro) ang layo. Inutos ni Goiti sa mga taga-Baco na ipunin nila ang ginto at tatanggapin niya pagbalik mula
sa Mindoro. Umaga kinabukasan, sumulong ang buong pangkat.

Kutang Mindoro

TANGHALI na ng Mayo 17, 1570 nang namasdan ng mga Espaol ang kutang bato sa Mindoro, sa isang matarik na
gulod na naliligid ng pader na bato, 4 metro ang kapal, at nakasampa duon ng maraming culverin. Nakahanay sa
gulod at pader ang 400 mandirigma, naka-sibat, may pana ang iba, nakasuot ang marami ng makukulay na putong
(head wraps).

Umuugong ang ihip sa maraming kabibe, saliw sa dagundong ng mga tambol at gong, at hiyawan ng mga
mandirigma nang dumaong ang San Miguel, kasunod ang La Tortuga at mga parao. Sa gitna ng ingay ng mga
mandirigma, napuna ni Goiti na nagda-dalawang luob (hesitate) ang mga taga-Mindoro, nais makipag-payapa ng
marami. Inutusan niya ang buong Parada pangkat na manatili sa malayo sa pampang, at kasama lamang ng isang
sundalo, isang binyagang Visaya na tagapag-salita (interpreter), at si Riquel, ang tagapag-ulat,


lumapit at tumayo si Goiti sa paanan ng kutang bato.
Nagsugo ang mga mandirigma ng isang taga-kausap (negotiator) na bumaba sa pader. Inamuki ni Goiti na sumuko
silang lahat at walang masasaktan. Umakyat pabalik ang taga-kausap, at isang pinuno naman ang bumaba at
nangakong makikipag-payapa at magba-bayad ng ginto kung lalayo muna sina Goiti. Pumayag si Goiti at sinabing
bago sila lumayo, magpaparada ang mga sundalo bilang parangal sa kasunduan nila.

Huwag kayong mabahala sa pakitang gilas namin, payo ni Goiti bago sila bumalik sa pangkat Espaol sa
dalampasigan.

Sa bawat sigaw na utos, magilas na nagpangkat-pangkat ang mga sundalo, ibat ibang panig ang hinarap, sabay-
sabay ang paputok ng baril, sabay-sabay ang duro ng mga sibat at espada, tapos magsasama-sama uli, susugod at
babaril, nakatutok ang mga espada at sibat, babaligtad at susugod sa ibang dako, baril at tutok uli.

Nasindak lahat ng tagapulo, pati ang 400 Visaya na nahaluan ng 200 mandirigma mula ilog Baco at mga karatig
baranggay, lalo nang sumali sa pakita ang mga kanyon ng barkong San Miguel.

Unang ibinayad ng mga taga-Mindoro ay 60 tael ng ginto, at sa sumunod na 5 araw, nakapagbigay sila ng 200 tael
lahat-lahat.
Palagi ang usisa nina Goiti tungkol sa kaharian sa Luzon at sinabi ng mga taga-Mindoro na lubhang malayo ito, at
maaaring hindi nila marating dahil sa masama ang panahon. Dagdag pa na napakaunti ng mga Espaol upang
humarap sa kaharian, may maraming dambuhalang parao na nakapagsa-sakay ng maraming culverin at 300
mandirigma, kayang gumapi at magpalubog ng 2 parao nang sabay.

Sa halip na matakot, lalong nasabik ang mga Espaol sa hayag ng yaman at lakas ng Luzon. Inutos ni Goiti na mag-
ipon pa ng ginto at kukunin niya pagbalik mula Luzon, at hatinggabi nuong Mayo 13, 1570, pumalaot pahilaga ang
buong armada.

Tanghali ng araw na iyon nang dumaong ang San Miguel at La Tortuga sa isang kapuluan (maaaring sa Verde o sa
Maricaban) sa pagitan ng Mindoro at Luzon upang hintayin ang mga mabagal na parao ng mga

mandirigma na pinamunuan ni Salcedo. Humimpil nang 2 araw duon sina Goiti bago itinuloy ang layag nang
banayad upang hindi gaanong maiwanan ang mga parao papuntang Luzon. Natuklas nila ang isang malawak na
luok (Balayan Bay ang tawag ngayon) at dumaong ang San Miguel sa tabi ng baranggay ng Balayan sa dalampasigan
ng tinatawag ngayong lalawigan ng Batangas.
Kaiba ang nilandas ng mga parao nang pumasok sa luok, mas malapit sa dalampasigan, at nasalubong nila ng mga
bangka ng mga taga-Balayan na nangingisda nuon. Nakipag-kaibigan sila at itinuro kay Salcedo ang bukana ng ilog
Pansipit na papasok sa malaking lawa ng Bombon (Taal Lake ang tawag ngayon) na mayruon daw malaking kuta
(fort) ng mga taga-Bombon. Maiglap na naghanda ng mga sandata at pananggalang ang mga Espaol at, kasunod
ang mga taga-Balayan, pinasok ang ilog upang lusubin ang kuta.

Tinamaan sila ng bagyo at lumubog ang barko kahit na nagkubli sila sa Guam, sa kapuluan ng Ladrones (Marianas
Islands ang tawag ngayon). Gumawa ng isang malaking balsa (raft), nakabalik naman silang lahat sa Pilipinas,
subalit malaking pasakit sa katawan ang tinamo uli ni Felipe Salcedo bilang pinuno ng paglakbay. Napilitan siyang
bumalik sa Mexico at magpahinga (retire) na duon. Ang kapatid niya, si Juan de Salcedo, ang naging pinuno ng mga
sundalo ni Felipe Salcedo. Nuong 1570, lumusob siya sa Luzon.

Sunod sa utos ni Juan de Salcedo, ang binatang governador ng Panay at apo ni Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, nagsabit
ang mga sundalong Espaol at mga mandirigmang Visaya ng mga sawali (bamboo mats) at banig (palm leaf mats)
sa 2 tagiliran ng bawat parao. Natutunan na nilang mainam na

panangga (shields) ang mga ito sa mga palaso (arrows) na magaang at pampatay lamang ng isda at maliliit na
hayop. (Ang mga palaso ng Espaol ay bakal at kayang tumagos sa bakal.) Handa ang mga sandata, tinunton ng
pangkat ang ilog Pansipit. Kasunod ang mga bangka ng mga taga-Balayan na nagbunyag kay Salcedo na may kuta
duon, hanggang narating nila ang baranggay ng Bombon (Taal ang tawag ngayon).
Walang tao.

Mabilis pa sa kulig, ninakaw ng mga taga-Balayan ang mga ari-arian sa bawat bahay, hanggang napuno ang
kanilang mga bangka. Pagkatapos, nagpa- alam na sila, uuwi na raw sa Balayan upang hindi mangamba ang mga
familia nila.
Pinatay ang mga Intsik

Nakita ni Salcedo na maraming bukid sa paligid, at maniwaring maraming nakatira sa banda ng lawa kaya ipinasiya
niyang ipagpatuloy ang paghanap sa mga taga-Bombon at sa kanilang kuta. Hindi nagtagal ang pagtunton nila mula
sa ilog Pansipit. Biglang umulan ng palaso (arrows) at tinamaan sa binti si Salcedo. Pinagba-baril ng mga sundalo
ang dalampasigan, matayog sa magkabilang panig ng ilog, at tumigil ang patak ng mga palaso, sabay urong ng mga
parao.

Lubhang mapanganib (peligroso, dangerous) kaya pinasiya ni Salcedo na lusubin ang kuta mula sa likuran. May
lason (veneno, poison) ang palaso at pinahiran ang sugat ni Salcedo ng panlagas ng kamandag (herbal cure) bago
bumalik ang mga parao sa tabi ng baranggay Bombong.

Sa isang bukid duon, natatakpan ng damong isang dangkal ang haba, nakarahap nila ang ilang daang mandirigma
ng Bombong, sigawan nang sigawan at nagpapaulan ng mga palaso. Hinati ni Salcedo ang kanyang mga

sundalo at pinagba-baril ang mga mandirigma mula sa magkabilang tagiliran. Nang 40 mandirigma na ang napatay,
tumakas na ang mga taga-Bombon. Humabol ang mga Espaol at mga Visaya.
Natagpuang nakagapos at duguan ang 2 Intsik na, matapos kalagan nina Salcedo, isinalaysay na kasama sila sa 2
dyong mula China, nagka-kalakal sa Bombon nang nabalitaan nilang may mga Espaol sa Mindoro. Biglang hakot
sana sila ngunit pinigilan ng mga taga-Bombon, pinaligiran pa ang 2 dyong ng kanilang mga bangka.

Sa init ng away, nagpaputok ng culverin ang isang dyong at napatay ang isang pinuno ng Bombon. Tinugis ng mga
mandirigma ang 2 dyong at sa putikan (pantano, swamp) palabas sa dagat, inabutan nila ang mga sangley. Winasak
ang 2 dyong, pinahirapan ang mga nabihag at pinatay dahan-dahan.

Ayon sa mga Espaol na saksi, tumutulo pa ang dugo pa ang ibang bangkay ng mga sangley nang nakita nila.
Balayan Laban sa Tulayan

Samantala, sa Balayan, paunti-unting nagbigay ng ginto ang mga taga-baranggay, ngunit alumpihit si Goiti sa
pagkawala ng mga parao nang, 2 oras pagkalubog ng araw, dumating ang pangkat ni Salcedo at isinalaysay ang
kanilang naranasan. Namalagi nang 3 araw sa Balayan sina Goiti upang mapagyaman si Salcedo na nagkasakit sa
kamandag ng lason sa sugat.

Pagkaraan ng 3 araw, natauhan si Salcedo, ngunit mahina pa at naiwan nang lumunsad ang pangkat, kasunod ang 8
bangka ng mga taga-Balayan, sasama raw hanggang sa mga baranggay sa Tulayan na nararating pagkaraan ng isang
araw na layag papuntang Manila. (Naglaho na ang sinulat ng Espaol na Tulayansi, dating nasa banda ng Talin,
malapit sa tinatawag ngayong Lian, sa timog (sur, south) ng Nasugbu.) Balak ng mga taga-Balayan na maghiganti sa
mga taga-Tulayan.

Minsan kasi, tinangay ng bagyo ang isang bangka ng Balayan at ipinadpad sa dalampasigan ng Tulayan. Sa halip na
tulungan ang mga taga-Balayan, ninakaw daw ang mga dalang kalakal mula Manila. Nang umangal ang mga taga-
Balayan, pinatay ang 2, pinugutan at isinabit ang 2 ulo sa mga tukod.

May nakita nga ang mga Espaol na mga ulo ng tao, nakatusok sa mga sibat, sa mga baranggay na nadaanan nila.
Ngunit pagsapit nila sa Tulayan, nakipag-kaibigan ang mga tagaruon at nangakong magbabayad ng buwis sa
Espaol kaya ipinagbawal ni Goiti na maghiganti ang mga taga-Balayan.

Kaming mga Espaol ang maghahatol sa mga away ninyo, utos niya.

Humimpil sina Goiti ng isang gabi sa Tulayan bago lumaot uli pahilaga (northward). Higit na mabilis ang nakalayag
na San Miguel, at 5 kilometro kalayo sa dalampasigan ang nilandas upang iwasan ang mga batuhan (corals)
samantalang gitgit sa pampang ang mga sumusunod na parao, na sinasagwan lamang. Lumaki ang pagitan ng 2
pangkat. Palagi pa ang tigil

ng ibang parao sa mga nakitang mga baranggay sa dalampasigan, ngunit tuwing lapit nila, nagtakbuhan ang mga
tao, dala ang kanilang pagkain at mga ari-arian kaya walang nanakaw ang mga nasa parao.
Paglapit sa Manila, nagsimula nilang nasalubong ang mga bangka na pangisda, tinawag na tapaque, hakot-hakot
ang mga kalakal mula Manila - karaniwang palay at mga isdang walang ulo. Hinarang ng mga parao ang mga
bangka, ninakaw ang mga palay at isda. Karamihan ng mga hinarang ay hindi pumiyak, umalis na lamang.
Mayruong iba na lumaban.

Nasugatan ang 2 Espaol at napatay ang isang mandirigmang Visaya. Binihag ng mga Espaol ang mga lumaban.

Nagsiklab si Goiti nang malaman ang mga nangyari. Dumaong ang 2 barko sa isang maliit na luok, at ipinatawag ni
Goiti lahat ng pinuno sa mga parao at binulyawan,

Wala nang maglilimayon mula ngayon! Dito kayong lahat sa nakikita ko!

Napansin ng mga Espaol na parami nang parami ang mga mandirigma. Panay ang dating ng mga bangka sa
Manila, puno ng mga sandatahan. At sa pagdami, lalong bumangis ang turing nila sa mga Espaol. Binihag nila ang
ilang taga-Luzon na kaibigan ng mga Espaol nang dumalaw ang mga ito sa mga kamag-anak sa Manila. Sinugatan
ang isang alipin ng sundalong Espaol, ginulpi ang 3 pang alipin ng ibang mga sundalo.

Sinamantala ni Goiti ang umiihip na hangin mula sa silangang hilaga (northeast), at upang hindi maipit ng darating
na hangin mula sa timog (south), naglayag palabas sa luok Manila ang buong pangkat at bumaybay sa gilid ng
Luzon. Dumaong uli sila sa Balayan upang magpahinga at mag-imbak ng tubig at pagkain.