Lorenzo

de' Medici





Lorenzo de Medici

Lorenzo de' Medici (1 January 1449 9 April 1492) was
an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine
Republic during the Italian Renaissance. Known as Lorenzo
the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico) by contemporary Florentines,
he was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and
poets. He is perhaps best known for his contribution to the art world,
giving large amounts of money to artists so they could create master
works of art. His life coincided with the high point of the mature
phase Italian Renaissance and his death coincided with the end of the
Golden Age of Florence.The fragile peace he helped maintain
between the various Italian states collapsed with his death. Lorenzo
de' Medici is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence. Lorenzo de
Medici ruled Florence with his brother Giuliano from 1469 to 1478.
After the latter's assassination, the crowd stood by the Medici and
tore the assassins limb from limb. Lorenzo was considered the Wise,
the needle on the Italian scales, and ruled from 1478 to 1492.
Lorenzos patronage of the arts was renowned, and those under his
protection included Botticelli and Leonardo da Vinci.

Childhood
Lorenzo's grandfather, Cosimo de' Medici, was the first member of
the Medici family to combine running the Medici bank with leading
the Republic. Cosimo, one of the wealthiest men in Europe, spent a
very large portion of his fortune in government and philanthropy. He
was a patron of the arts and funded public works. Lorenzo's
father, Piero 'the Gouty' de' Medici, was also at the center of
Florentine life, active as an art patron and collector. His
mother Lucrezia Tornabuoni was an amateur poet and friend to
figures like Luigi Pulci and Agnolo Poliziano.


Patronage
Lorenzo's court included artists such as Piero and Antonio del
Pollaiuolo, Andrea del Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro
Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, and Michelangelo Buonarroti who
were involved in the 15th-century Renaissance. Although he did not
commission many works himself, he helped them secure
commissions from other patrons. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo
and his family for five years, dining at the family table and
participating in the discussions led by Marsilio Ficino.
Lorenzo was an artist himself, writing poetry in his native Tuscan. In
his poetry he celebrates life even whileparticularly in his later
worksacknowledging with melancholy the fragility and instability of
the human condition. Love, feasts and light dominate his verse.


Historical Novels
Linda Proud, A Tabernacle for the Sun (Godstow Press, 2005), a
literary novel set in Florence during the Pazzi Conspiracy adheres
closely to known facts.
Linda Proud, Pallas and the Centaur (Godstow Press, 2004), deals
with the aftermath of the Pazzi Conspiracy and Lorenzo de'
Medici's strained relations with his wife and with Poliziano.
Linda Proud, The Rebirth of Venus (Godstow Press, 2008), the
final volume of The Botticelli Trilogy, covers the 1490s and the
death of Lorenzo

Lorenzo de Medici:
A True Renaissance Man

The Renaissance Age gave the world a wealth of knowledge, art,
inventions, and political innovations. One new term that emerged
from the Renaissance is the Renaissance man. A Renaissance man
is any individual who is well-rounded in all subjects, and who
through his achievements, character, and virtu exudes true greatness
according to Renaissance humanism. Lorenzo de Medici was a true
Renaissance man.
The achievements of Lorenzo de Medici consisted of his interests,
talents, and accomplishments. Lorenzo de Medici was extremely
interested in the arts, both as a patron and as a collector. He was
the patron of scholars, painters, and sculptors: Ficino, Pico della
Mirandola, Angelo Poliziano, Verrocchio, Ghirlandaio, the Pollaiuoli
brothers, Botticelli, da Vinci, and Michelangelo. His patronage
outshone the work of his father and grandfather who had been
illustrious in their own times. Lorenzo became associated with the
zenith of the Renaissance, because art and scholarship blossomed
during his lifetime. He founded the School of Harmony for
musicians. A school of sculpture began at Lorenzos San Marco villa,
and his Platonic Academy attracted humanist scholars. His collection
of art extended beyond the Italian artists to include works by
Flemish artists like van Eyck, Christophsen, and Memling. As his
wealth grew, so did his desire to collect the finest works in Europe.
Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence with his brother Giuliano from
1469 to 1478. After the latter's assassination, the crowd stood by the
Medici and tore the assassins limb from limb. Lorenzo was
considered the Wise, the needle on the Italian scales, and ruled
from 1478 to 1492. Lorenzos patronage of the arts was renowned,
and those under his protection included Botticelli and Leonardo da
Vinci.





House
of
Medici

Lorenzo de Medici, Sassetti and
his son with Antonio Pucci

Bust of Lorenzo de' Medici
Returned to Original Condition



Galileo
Galilei







Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564. He was
the oldest of seven children. His father was a musician and wool
trader, who wanted his son to study medicine as there was more
money in medicine. At age eleven, Galileo was sent off to study in a
Jesuit monastery.

Galileo Galilei (Italian pronunciation 15 February 1564 8 January
1642), often known mononymously as Galileo, was an
Italianphysicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who
played a major role in the scientific revolution. His achievements
include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical
observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called
the "father of modern observational astronomy",the "father of
modern physics",the "father of science",and "the Father of Modern
Science".


His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic
confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four
largest satellites ofJupiter (named the Galilean moons in his honour,
and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in
applied science and technology, inventing an improved military
compass and other instruments.
Galileo's championing of heliocentrism was controversial within his
lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrism or the Tychonic
system.He met with opposition from astronomers, who doubted
heliocentrism due to the absence of an observed stellar parallax. The
matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, and they
concluded that it could be supported as only a possibility, not an
established fact.Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue
Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which appeared to attack
Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both
supported Galileo up until this point. He was tried by the Holy Office,
then found "vehemently suspect of heresy", was forced to recant,
and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. It was while Galileo
was under house arrest that he wrote one of his finest works, Two
New Sciences, in which he summarised the work he had done some
forty years earlier, on the two sciences now
called kinematicsand strength of materials
Early life
Galileo was born in Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy,
the first of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a famous lutenist,
composer, and music theorist; and Giulia Ammannati. Galileo became
an accomplished lutenist himself and would have learned early from
his father a healthy scepticism for established authority,
[15]
the value
of well-measured or quantified experimentation, an appreciation for
a periodic or musical measure of time or rhythm, as well as the
illuminative progeny to expect from a marriage of mathematics and
experiment. Three of Galileo's five siblings survived infancy, and the
youngest Michelangelo (or Michelagnolo) also became a noted
lutenist and composer, although he contributed to financial burdens
during Galileo's young adulthood. Michelangelo was incapable of
contributing his fair share for their father's promised dowries to their
brothers-in-law, who would later attempt to seek legal remedies for
payments due. Michelangelo would also occasionally have to borrow
funds from Galileo for support of his musical endeavours and
excursions. These financial burdens may have contributed to
Galileo's early fire to develop inventions that would bring him
additional income.
Galileo was named after an ancestor, Galileo Bonaiuti, a physician,
university teacher and politician who lived in Florence from 1370 to
1450; at that time in the late 14th century, the family's surname
shifted from Bonaiuti (or Buonaiuti) to Galilei. Galileo Bonaiuti was buried
in the same church, the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence, where
about 200 years later his more famous descendant Galileo Galilei
was buried too. When Galileo Galilei was 8, his family moved
to Florence, but he was left with Jacopo Borghini for two years.
[1]
He
then was educated in the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa,
35 km southeast of Florence.
[1

Career as a scientist
Although he seriously considered the priesthood as a young man, at
his father's urging he instead enrolled at the University of Pisa for a
medical degree.
[21]
In 1581, when he was studying medicine, he
noticed a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted about to
swing in larger and smaller arcs. It seemed, by comparison with his
heartbeat, that the chandelier took the same amount of time to swing
back and forth, no matter how far it was swinging. When he returned
home, he set up two pendulums of equal length and swung one with a
large sweep and the other with a small sweep and found that they
kept time together. It was not until Christiaan Huygens almost one
hundred years later, however, that the tautochrone nature of a
swinging pendulum was used to create an accurate timepiece.To this
point, he had deliberately been kept away from mathematics (since a
physician earned so much more than a mathematician), but upon
accidentally attending a lecture on geometry, he talked his reluctant
father into letting him study mathematics and natural
philosophyinstead.He created a thermoscope (forerunner of the
thermometer) and in 1586 published a small book on the design of a
hydrostatic balance he had invented (which first brought him to the
attention of the scholarly world). Galileo also studied disegno, a term
encompassing fine art, and in 1588 attained an instructor position in
the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in Florence, teaching
perspective and chiaroscuro. Being inspired by the artistic tradition
of the city and the works of the Renaissance artists, Galileo acquired
an aesthetic mentality. While a young teacher at the Accademia, he
began a lifelong friendship with the Florentine painterCigoli, who
included Galileo's lunar observations in one of his paintings.
In 1589, he was appointed to the chair of mathematics in Pisa. In
1591, his father died and he was entrusted with the care of his
younger brother Michelagnolo. In 1592, he moved to the University
of Padua, teaching geometry, mechanics, and astronomy until
1610. During this period, Galileo made significant discoveries in both
pure fundamental science (for example, kinematics of motion and
astronomy) as well as practical applied science (for example,
strength of materials and improvement of the telescope). His multiple
interests included the study of astrology, which at the time was a
discipline tied to the studies of mathematics and astronomy.






GALILEO PORTRAIT BY LEONI




Heliocentrism

Geocentrism or
the Tychonic
system








PAINTING BY
GALILEO




TOMB OG GALILEO
GALILEI



Bertini fresco of Galileo Galilei and
Doge of Venice


Galileo manuscript













Galileo's geometrical and military
compass in Putnam Gallery




GALILEO GALILEI








Donatello















Donato di Niccol di Betto Bardi (circa 1386 December 13, 1466),
better known asDonatello, was an
early Renaissance Italian sculptor from Florence. He is, in part,
known for his work in bas-relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture
that, in Donatello's case, incorporated significant 15th-century
developments in perspectival illusionism.


Early life

Donatello was the son of Niccol di Betto Bardi, who was a member
of the Florentine Wool Combers Guild, and was born in Florence,
most likely in the year 1386. Donatello was educated in the house of
the Martelli family.
[1]
He apparently received his early artistic
training in a goldsmith's workshop, and then worked briefly in the
studio of Lorenzo Ghiberti.
While undertaking study and excavations with Filippo Brunelleschi in
Rome (14041407), work that gained the two men the reputation of
treasure seekers, Donatello made a living by working at goldsmiths'
shops. Their Roman sojourn was decisive for the entire development
of Italian art in the 15th century, for it was during this period that
Brunelleschi undertook his measurements of the Pantheon dome and
of other Roman buildings. Brunelleschi's buildings and Donatello's
sculptures are both considered supreme expressions of the spirit of
this era in architecture and sculpture, and they exercised a potent
influence upon the artists of the age.


Work in Florence

In Florence, Donatello assisted Lorenzo Ghiberti with the statues of
prophets for the north door of the Florence Baptistery, for which he
received payment in November 1406 and early 1408. In 14091411
he executed the colossal seated figure of Saint John the Evangelist,
which until 1588 occupied a niche of the old cathedral faade, and is
now placed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo. This work marks a
decisive step forward from late GothicMannerism in the search for
naturalism and the rendering of human feelings. The face, the
shoulders and the bust are still idealized, while the hands and the
fold of cloth over the legs are more realistic.
In 14111413, Donatello worked on a statue of St. Mark for
the guild church ofOrsanmichele. In 1417 he completed the Saint
George for the Confraternity of the Cuirass-makers. The elegant St.
George and the Dragon relief on the statue's base, executed in
schiacciato (a very low bas-relief) is one of the first examples of
central-point perspective in sculpture. From 1423 is the Saint Louis
of Toulouse for the Orsanmichele, now in the Museum of the Basilica
di Santa Croce. Donatello had also sculpted the classical frame for
this work, which remains, while the statue was moved in 1460 and
replaced by Incredulity of Saint Thomas by Verrocchio.
Between 1415 and 1426, Donatello created five statues for
the campanile of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, also known as
the Duomo. These works are the Beardless Prophet;Bearded
Prophet (both from 1415); the Sacrifice of
Isaac (1421); Habbakuk (14231425); and Jeremiah (14231426);
which follow the classical models for orators and are characterized
by strong portrait details. From the late teens is the Pazzi
Madonna relief inBerlin. In 1425, he executed the notable Crucifix for
Santa Croce; this work portrays Christ in a moment of the agony,
eyes and mouth partially opened, the body contracted in an
ungraceful posture.
From 14251427, Donatello collaborated with Michelozzo on the
funerary monument of theAntipope John XXIII for the Battistero in
Florence. Donatello made the recumbent bronze figure of the
deceased, under a shell. In 1427, he completed in Pisa a marble relief
for thefunerary monument of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci at the
church of Sant'Angelo a Nilo inNaples. In the same period, he
executed the relief of the Feast of Herod and the statues
ofFaith and Hope for the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Siena. The
relief is mostly instiacciato, with the foreground figures are done in
bas-relief.


Major commissions in Florence

.
Around 1430, Cosimo de' Medici, the foremost art patron of his era,
commissioned from Donatello the bronze David (now in the Bargello)
for the court of his Palazzo Medici. This is now Donatello's most
famous work. At the time of its creation, it was the first known free-
standing nude statue produced since ancient times. Conceived fully
in the round, independent of any architectural surroundings, and
largely representing an allegory of the civic virtues triumphing over
brutality and irrationality, it was the first major work
of Renaissancesculpture. Also from this period is the disquietingly
small Love-Atys, housed in the Bargello.

Some have perceived the David as having homo-eroticqualities, and
have argued that this reflected the artist's own orientation. Details of
Donatello's relationships remain speculative. The historian Paul
Strathern makes the claim that Donatello made no secret of
his homosexuality, and that his behaviour was tolerated by his
friends. This may not be surprising in the context of attitudes
prevailing in the 15th- and 16th-century Florentine republic.
However, little detail is known with certainty about his private life,
and no mention of his sexuality has been found in the Florentine
archives (in terms of denunciations) albeit which during this period
are incomplete.

In Padua

In 1443, Donatello was called to Padua by the heirs of the famous
condottiero Erasmo da Narni, who had died that year. Completed in
1450 and placed in the square facing the Basilica of St. Anthony, his
equestrian statue of Erasmo (better known as the Gattamelata, or
"Honey-Cat") was the first example of such a monument since
ancient times. (Other equestrian statues, from the 14th century, had
not been executed in bronze and had been placed over tombs rather
than erected independently, in a public place.) This work became the
prototype for other equestrian monuments executed in Italy and
Europe in the following centuries.
For the Basilica of St. Anthony, Donatello created, most famously,
the bronze Crucifix of 14441447 and additional statues for the
choir, including a Madonna with Child and six saints, constituting
a Holy Conversation, which is no longer visible since the renovation
by Camillo Boito in 1895. The Madonna with Child portrays the Child
being displayed to the faithful, on a throne flanked by two sphinxes,
allegorical figures of knowledge. On the throne's back is a relief of
Adam and Eve. During this period144650Donatello also
executed four extremely important reliefs with scenes from the life
of St. Anthony for the high altar.

Last years in Florence
Donatello returned to Florence in 1453. The Judith and Holofernes,
begun for the Duomo di Siena date from 1455 to 1460 but were later
acquired by the Medici. Until 1461, Donatello remained in Siena,
where he created a St. John the Baptist, also for the Duomo, and
models for its gates, now lost.
For his last commission in Florence, Donatello produced reliefs for
the bronze pulpits in the church of San Lorenzo, with help from
students Bartolomeo Bellano and Bertoldo di Giovanni. Donatello
provided the general design and personally executed the Martyrdom
of St. Lawrence and the Deposition from the Cross; he worked on the
reliefs of Christ before Pilate and Christ before Caiphus, with
Bellano. This work is characterized by an intense, free, indeed
sketchy and suggestively unfinished in Italian a non-finito
technique that heightens the dramatic effect of the scenes and
emphasizes their spiritual intensity. Donatello died in Florence in
1466 and was buried in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, next to Cosimo
de' Medici the Elder.












Siena.Duomo.Donatello.JohnBaptist








He executed the colossal seated figure of Saint
John the Evangelist




Donatello david plaster replica head
and shoulders front right





Donatello's equestrian
statue of Gattamelata at Padua.



Donato di
Niccol di
Betto
Bardi
Donatello




Bust of Niccolo da Uzzano by Donatello.
Cast from original in Museo Nazionale del
Bargello, Florence, Italy









ANNUNCIATION
DONATELLO




ST JOHN THE BAPTIST DONATELLO








LEONARDO
DA VINCI








Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (Italian pronunciation: [leonardo da
vvint April 15, 1452 May 2, 1519, Old Style) was an Italian
Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician,
mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist,
geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. His genius, perhaps
more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance
humanist ideal. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype
of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and
"feverishly inventive imagination". He is widely considered to be one
of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely
talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen
Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without
precedent and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the
man himself mysterious and remote". Marco Rosci states that while
there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is
essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical
methods he employed were unusual for his time.

Born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant
woman, Caterina, inVinci in the region of Florence, Leonardo was
educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine
painter, Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the
service ofLudovico il Moro in Milan. He later worked
in Rome, Bologna and Venice, and he spent his last years in France at
the home awarded him by Francis I.
Leonardo was, and is, renowned primarily as a painter. Among his
works, the Mona Lisais the most famous and most parodied
portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting
of all time, with their fame approached only byMichelangelo's The
Creation of Adam.
[1]
Leonardo's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also
regarded as a cultural icon, being reproduced on items as varied as
the euro coin, textbooks, and T-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his
paintings survive, the small number because of his constant, and
frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his
chronic procrastination. Nevertheless, these few works, together
with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and
his thoughts on the nature of painting, compose a contribution to
later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his
contemporary, Michelangelo.

Childhood, 145266

Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452 (Old Style), "at the third hour
of the night"in theTuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of
the Arno River in the territory of the Medici-ruled Republic of
Florence. He was the out-of-wedlock son of the wealthy Messer
Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine legal notary, and
Caterina, a peasant. Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense,
"da Vinci" simply meaning "of Vinci": his full birth name was
"Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci", meaning "Leonardo, (son) of
(Mes)ser Piero from Vinci".The inclusion of the title "ser" indicated
that Leonardo's father was a gentleman.
Little is known about Leonardo's early life. He spent his first five
years in the hamlet ofAnchiano in the home of his mother, then from
1457 he lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle,
Francesco, in the small town of Vinci. His father had married a
sixteen-year-old girl named Albiera, who loved Leonardo but died
young. When Leonardo was sixteen his father married again, to
twenty-year-old Francesca Lanfredini. It was not until his third and
fourth marriages that Ser Piero produced legitimate heirs.
Leonardo received an informal education in Latin, geometry and
mathematics. In later life, Leonardo recorded only two childhood
incidents. One, which he regarded as an omen, was when
a kite dropped from the sky and hovered over his cradle, its tail
feathers brushing his face. The second occurred while exploring in
the mountains. He discovered a cave and was both terrified that
some great monster might lurk there and driven by curiosity to find
out what was inside.


Professional life, 14761513

Florentine court records of 1476 show that Leonardo and three other
young men were charged with sodomy but acquitted. From that date
until 1478 there is no record of his work or even of his
whereabouts. In 1478 he left Verrocchio's studio and was no longer
resident at his father's house. One writer, the "Anonimo" Gaddiano
claims that in 1480 Leonardo was living with the Medici and working
in the Garden of the Piazza San Marco in Florence, a Neo-
Platonic academy of artists, poets and philosophers which
the Medici had established. In January 1478, he received his first of
two independent commissions: to paint an altarpiece for the Chapel
of St. Bernard in the Palazzo Vecchio and, in March 1481, The
Adoration of the Magi for the monks of San Donato a
Scopeto. Neither commission was completed, the second being
interrupted when Leonardo went to Milan.
In 1482 Leonardo, who according to Vasari was a most talented
musician, created a silver lyre in the shape of a horse's
head. Lorenzo de' Medici sent Leonardo to Milan, bearing the lyre as
a gift, to secure peace with Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. At this
time Leonardo wrote an often-quoted letter describing the many
marvellous and diverse things that he could achieve in the field of
engineering and informing Ludovico that he could also paint.
Leonardo worked in Milan from 1482 until 1499. He was
commissioned to paint the Virgin of the Rocks for the Confraternity
of the Immaculate Conception and The Last Supper for the monastery
of Santa Maria delle Grazie.
[27]
In the spring of 1485, Leonardo
travelled to Hungary on behalf of Ludovico to meet Matthias
Corvinus, for whom he is believed to have painted a Holy Family.
Between 1493 and 1495 Leonardo listed a woman called Caterina
among his dependents in his taxation documents. When she died in
1495, the list of funeral expenditures suggests that she was his
mother.


Old age, 151319
From September 1513 to 1516, under Pope Leo X, Leonardo spent
much of his time living in the Belvedere in the Vatican in Rome,
where Raphael and Michelangelo were both active at the time.
[]
In
October 1515, Francis I of France recaptured Milan.On December 19,
Leonardo was present at the meeting of Francis I and Pope Leo X,
which took place in Bologna. Leonardo was commissioned to make
for Francis a mechanical lion which could walk forward, then open its
chest to reveal a cluster of liliesIn 1516, he entered Franois'
service, being given the use of the manor house Clos Luc near the
king's residence at the royalChteau d'Amboise. It was here that he
spent the last three years of his life, accompanied by his friend and
apprentice, CountFrancesco Melzi, and supported by a pension
totalling 10,000 scudi.

Florence: Leonardo's artistic and social background
Florence, at the time of Leonardo's youth, was the centre of
Christian Humanist thought and culture.Leonardo commenced
his apprenticeship with Verrocchio in 1466, the year that
Verrocchio's master, the great sculptor Donatello, died. The
painter Uccello, whose early experiments with perspective were to
influence the development of landscape painting, was a very old man.
The painters Piero della Francesca and Fra Filippo Lippi,
sculptor Luca della Robbia, and architect and writer Leon Battista
Alberti were in their sixties. The successful artists of the next
generation were Leonardo's teacher Verrocchio, Antonio
Pollaiuolo and the portrait sculptor, Mino da Fiesole whose lifelike
busts give the most reliable likenesses of Lorenzo Medici's father
Piero and uncle Giovanni
Leonardo's youth was spent in a Florence that was ornamented by
the works of these artists and by Donatello's
contemporaries, Masaccio, whose figurative frescoes were imbued
with realism and emotion and Ghiberti whose Gates of Paradise,
gleaming with gold leaf, displayed the art of combining complex
figure compositions with detailed architectural backgrounds. Piero
della Francesca had made a detailed study of perspective,and was
the first painter to make a scientific study of light. These studies
and Alberti's Treatise
[49]
were to have a profound effect on younger
artists and in particular on Leonardo's own observations and
artworks
















LEONARDO DA VINCI






Leonardo's childhood
home in Anchiano








Leonardo's earliest known drawing, the
Arno Valley (1473), Uffizi






The Baptism of Christ (1472
1475)Uffizi, by Verrocchio and
Leonardo






Study of horse from Leonardo's journals
Royal Library, Windsor Castle








Leonardo da Vinci's very accurate map
of Imola, created for Cesare Borgia









Clos Luc in France, where Leonardo
died in 1519











Lorenzo de' Medici between Antonio Pucci
and Francesco Sassetti, with Giulio de'
Medici, fresco by Ghirlandaio








Annunciation (14751480)Uffizi,
is thought to be Leonardo's
earliest complete work.




Virgin of the Rocks, Louvre, demonstrates
Leonardo's interest in nature






Books

























PAINTINGS

















Submitted by: Aizle Mae P. Silverio
BSBM 2-A
Submitted to: Mrs. Raquel Vergel De Dios
Research
Paper