Honeywell

Night Vision Security

The Night Hawk

Advantage
2 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Most crimes happen at night the challenge to the security professional is to
ensure the video footage is effective on a 24/7 basis, 365 days a year. Night Vision
is fundamental to achieving this.
Wikipedia describes Night Vision as:
The ability to see in a dark environment. Whether by biological or technological
means, night vision is made possible by a combination of two approaches:
sufficient spectral range, and sufficient intensity range. Humans have poor night
vision compared to many animals. Animals can see well into the infrared and/or
ultraviolet compared to humans.
This brings us to:
To address the challenges most experienced by most low lux cameras today we
adopted the Johnson Criteria to describe night vision performance. The criteria
provides end users a standard framework for evaluating night vision performance.
What is Night Vision Security?
The myth of the low lux camera
3 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Detection, Classification, Recognition and Identification
Detection: A human-sized object is simply determined to be present
Classification: An object is determined to be human as opposed to an animal
or other object.
Recognition: A human-sized object is determined to be a threat or non-threat
based on the type of clothing worn, equipment carried, etc.
Identification: A human-sized object can be positively determined to be a
specific individual.
Security professionals can easily achieve outstanding night vision if they understand
infrared illumination. To solve the problem, night-time performance parameters must
be clearly defined up front: What is the camera trying to detect? Below are four
simple classifications (DCRI) which can help define customer expectations:
Standard framework for evaluating night vision performance
4 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Introduction to CCTV lighting - What is light?
Light is fundamental to any CCTV camera sold today. Without light no images are
possible, as it is light reflected from the world around you that makes the world
visibleboth to the human eye and to the CCTV camera.
Light determines whether a subject can be viewed at all, at what distances. The
quality and direction of the light controls the appearance of the subject.
Light is energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength of light (also
known as frequency) governs the color and type of light. Only a very narrow range of
wavelengths from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red) is visible to the
human eye. However, CCTV cameras can detect light outside the range of the
human eye allowing them to be used not only with white light but also with infrared
(730-110 nm) for night-time surveillance.
5 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Difference between white and infrared light?
White light: various light sources from 400-700 nm
Use cases:
- Illuminate an area for the CCTV system
- Improve the overall level of illumination for key personnel
- Provide a welcoming environment for authorized personnel
- Deter crime by illuminating a secure area on intrusion
- Can be used with monochrome, color and day/night cameras
Infrared
- 715-730 nm: Overt IR, produces a soft red glow
- 815-850 nm: Semi-covert IR, produces a faint red glow just visible to the human eye
- 940-950 nm: Covert IR, invisible to the human eye
Use cases:
- Provide discreet or covert illumination for CCTV cameras
- Minimize light pollution
- Provide very long-distance illumination
- Can be used with monochrome and day/night cameras
6 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Lets talk about infrared illumination
The main problem in designing a CCTV system when incorporating
infrared illumination is that infrared light cannot be measured in lux.
How do you specify camera sensitivity?
How do you know what will be seen at various distances?
How sensitive are different cameras to infrared light?
How are spectral diagrams to be interpreted and the effect of the lens?
How far does your light shine?
7 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Basic understanding of infrared illumination
Infrared illumination is used to provide light over scenes that would
otherwise be too dark for a camera to capture an image. It is a
compromise, because the best results can only be obtained by
providing sufficient white light but of course this is not always possible.
In many cases, using powerful floodlights would cause a considerable
nuisance and could be dangerous where there is road traffic moving
toward the lights. It is also difficult to cover a large area when a pan/tilt
camera is being used. In this case, illumination is only required where
the camera is directed, and infrared lights provide the answer.
8 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
What is infrared light?
Infrared light is a light that the human eye cannot see, but the monochrome
CCTV camera can. Near infrared light is light of a longer wavelength than
the visible spectrum, between 700 and 1,100 nm, just beyond the visible
spectrum. It is this near infrared light that is used for CCTV purposes.
As infrared light contains none of the colors visible to humans it cannot be used
with color cameras. To see infrared light, monochrome or day/night cameras
are needed. CCTV cameras using infrared light always provide monochrome
images.
Applications that require covert surveillance, or applications where even low
levels of overt lighting must be avoided for reasons of light pollution, are ideal
for infrared light.
9 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
What is infrared wavelength?
Infrared light is a light that the human eye cannot see but that a monochrome CCTV
camera can. Near infrared light is light of a longer wavelength than the visible spectrum. It
is this near infrared that is used for CCTV purposes.
380-750 nm are the wavelengths of light that are visible to the human eye.
When all these wavelengths are seen simultaneously, the eye cannot distinguish the
individual wavelengths and the result is seen as white light.
Therefore, white light is not one wavelength but a combination of them all.
Infrared wavelengths range from 730-1100 nm.
Typically, our product operates at the 850 nm range which emits a dull red glow. It is
semi-covert and is the most common type of LED infrared wavelength.
Note the charts on slides 12 and 13.
10 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
How does infrared work?
Infrared waves travel in a straight line but can be affected by:
Reflectancethe reversal of direction that occurs at the surface of an object, i.e., a
mirror.
Refractiona change of the angle that occurs at the boundaries of different surfaces.
Different wavelengths have different angles of refraction, i.e., a stick apparently
bending in the water.
Diffractiona deflection that occurs at apertures or edges of objects.
Absorptioncolor surfaces absorb some light and reflect the remainder. A black
surface absorbs most of the light falling on it. Light energy is usually turned into heat,
so dark materials heat up easily.
Visible radiation (visible light)the range in which the sun and stars similar to it emit
most of their radiation.
11 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Understanding reflectance and absorption
Reflectance: When light hits a surface it can be bounced back as reflection. The quality of the
surface impacts the type of reflection. Highly textured surfaces scatter light due to tiny
irregularities in the surface material, while flat surfaces such as a smooth white painted cement
wall could provide a more focused reflection.
Absorption: Some surfaces actually absorb light. Colored surfaces absorb some light and
reflect the remainder. A black surface absorbs most of the light falling on it. The light energy is
usually turned into heat, so dark materials heat up easily. For example, black paint will absorb
light but a white colored cement wall could reflect approximately 40-50% light back to the
source.
IR Light
Absorption
Reflectance
12 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Typical reflectance levels
Reflectance is a measure of light reflected from surface/light incident on surface. The energy that is not
reflected is absorbed and converted to heat. Low-reflectivity objects absorb a lot of energy hence the
reason asphalt feels warm. The table below shows some everyday objects and their level of reflectance:
Material Typical Reflectance (~%)
Snow scene 85%
Standard white paper 75%
Aluminum 75%
Glass windows 70%
White cloth/fabric 65%
Concrete (new) 40-50%
Plasterboard 30-60%
Open country (trees/grass) 20%
Brickwork (new) 10-30%
Brickwork (old) 5-15%
Concrete (old) 5-15%
Empty asphalt area 5%
Materials have different reflective levels with white light and infrared light. For example, trees and grass have a very high
level of reflectance to infrared light.
13 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Visible light what the human eye sees
Human vision is confined to a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum called visible
light. Below shows the spectral response (visible light) of the normal human eye with
luminous to radiometric conversion:
Visible light color spectrum
14 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Electromagnetic spectrum: visible and infrared light
730nm
1100nm
Infrared
Visible Light
Radio
Radio X-Ray
Gamma
Ray
Electromagnetic Spectrum
what the human eye sees
what the camera sees
what the camera sees
15 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Visible light, also known as white light
Measurement of white light on a scene can be simply recorded by use of a light meter. White light is
measured in lux, the European standard. It is the level of illumination produced by one lumen over one
square meter. In North America the foot candle is still widely used as a unit of measurement. Typical lux
light levels are:
Bright Sunny Day = 10,000-100,000 lux
Overcast Day = 1,000-10,000 lux
Twilight = 1-100 lux
Street Lighting = 5 lux
Full Moon = 0.1 lux
Bright, Clear, Starlight = 0.01-0.0001 lux
16 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Example of indoor IR camera performance
What to expect? ~ 375 lux scene
True Day/Night, 20 LEDs True Day/Night, DNR, 18 LEDs
Describing night vision performance
effectively has long been a deeply
confusing subject in the security
industry.
Always remember, different applications
require different levels of night vision
performance.

Object is ~38ft away from the camera

Back door is ~ 70ft
Object is ~38ft away from the camera
Back door is ~ 70ft
17 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Example of outdoor IR camera performance
What is light? Light and surface?
~ 16K lux scene True Day/Night, 48 LEDs
No external lighting in scene only IR lighting Front of bear den pond ~65ft away from the camera
Light is fundamental to CCTV. Without
light no images are possible as it is light
reflected from the world around you that
makes the world visible both to the
human eye and to the CCTV camera.
To control lighting, you must understand
how light changes in quality and direction
when it meets a surface. The three main
effects are diffusion, reflection or
absorption. Often, light is affected by a
combination of these effects, and all
influence the quality of CCTV lighting.
18 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Primary considerations for selecting IR cameras
The lens/focal length
- F-stop/aperture: The aperture or f-stop of a lens determines how much light passes through it to the
camera chip. In simple terms, the lower the f-stop, the more light the lens passes.
- Aspherical lenses provide improved low-light performance.
Range or distance to the object:
- The maximum illumination is at the center of the beam of light. This falls off toward the furthest
extremity. Even levels of illumination is key:
Image quality that is affected by the signal level received at the CCD sensor.
Performance parameters must be clearly defined up front: What are the
customers expectations?
- Detection? Classification? Recognition? Identification?
19 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Primary considerations for selecting IR cameras
Spectral response of the camera. The higher the spectral response, the better
the picture. Below are two examples:
True Day/Night (TDN) or Software Day/Night (SDN)?
- TDN uses a removable infrared cut filter in color mode and an optical low-pass filter
(OLPF) in black and white mode, guaranteeing optimal image quality at any time of day
and good quality color rendering.
- SDN does not use a removable infrared cut filter but typically uses an infrared notch
filter. Depending on the spectral response, low light sensitivity and daytime color
rendering are not as good as TDN.
20 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Practical installation considerations
Infrared and focus shift - Focus shift is a potential issue encountered when setting up
camera systems for 24-hour performance using infrared. The different wavelengths of
visible l400-700 nm) and infrared (700-1,000 nm) light create different focus points through
the lens onto the camera chip. This can lead to a loss of image focus at night, particularly if
the camera is set up during daytime operation. The degree of focus shift depends on a
variety of factors:
Lens quality
Wavelength of the infrared light (longer wavelengths such as 950 nm will provide a more
exaggerated focus shift)
Infrared response of the camera
Focusing the camera correctly for low light performance means the camera will be focused
for infrared with the aperture fully open. During daytime operation, the increased depth of
field created by a closing aperture will counter the effects of focus shift. The best solution is
to focus the camera using only infrared lighting. This can be achieved by:
Setting up the camera at night using infrared lighting
Using an infrared pass filter over the camera lens to simulate a night-time scene
21 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
What is the Honeywell solution?
IR bullet cameras
- HB70
- HB71B, HB71S
- HB72B, HB72S, HB72W
- HB73
The Performance Series of IR cameras
IR indoor/outdoor
mini-domes
- HD70
- HD73
IR indoor
mini-domes
- HD60
- HD61
22 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
IR indoor/outdoor
mini-dome
- HD4DIR
IR bullet cameras
- HCD81484
- HCD92534
- HCD95534
What is the Honeywell solution?
The Performance Series of IR cameras
Night Hawk

23 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Performance/Honeywell IR fixed dome difference
P
r
i
c
e
Value
HD60
HD61
HD70
HD73
380 TVL
Fixed lens
Indoor
24 LEDs
SDN
380 TVL
3.8-9.5 VFAI
Indoor
20 LEDs
SDN
550 TVL
Fixed lens
Indoors/out
24 LEDs
SDN
530 TVL
3.8-9.5 VFAI
Indoors/out
20 LEDs
TDN
OSD
540 TVL
3.3-12 IR-corrected VFAI
Indoors/out
18 high power LEDs (wide/narrow
beam for even IR distribution)
DNR (Digital Noise Reduction)
Privacy Zones (4X)
TDN
12/24 V
OSD
HD4DIR
Night Hawk

24 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Performance/Honeywell IR bullet difference
P
r
i
c
e
Value
HB70
HB72
HB73
380 TVL
4.3 mm fixed
Indoors/out
12 LEDs
SDN
380 TVL
6 mm fixed
Indoors/out
34 LEDs
SDN
550 TVL
3.8-9.5 VFAI
Indoors/out
18 LEDs
TDN
2.8-10 VFAI IR-corrected (HCD92)
5-50 VFAI IR-corrected (HCD95)
Indoors/outdoors
49 (26 HD95) high power LEDs
(wide/narrow beam for even IR
distribution)
DNR (Digital Noise Reduction)
TDN
12/24 V
OSD
Privacy Zone (4X)
External zoom/focus adjustment
Concealed video/power cable
HB71
530 TVL
4.3 mm fixed
Indoors/out
12 LEDs
SDN
4-9 VFAI IR-corrected
Indoors/out
18 high power LEDs
(wide/narrow beam for
even IR distribution)
TDN
12/24 V
Concealed video/power
cable
HCD81484
HCD92534
HCD95534
Night Hawk

25 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
IR fixed mini-dome camera feature comparison
HDPR-WK
(Pendant Mount)
HDPR-WK
(Wall Mount)
HD4-WK
(Wall Mount)
Fix Lens VFAI Lens Hi Res STD Res 12 VDC 12/24 V SDN TDN DNR OSD
Wall
Mount
Option
Pendant
Mount
Option
HD60(X)

HD61(X)

HD70(X)

HD73(X)

HD4DIR(X)

26 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
IR fixed bullet camera feature comparison
MODEL Fix Lens VFAI Lens Hi Res STD Res 12 VDC 12/24 V SDN TDN DNR OSD
External
Adjustments
Cable Concealed
in mount
HB70

HB71B/S

HB72B/W/S

HB73

HCD92534

HCD95534

HCD81484

Night Hawk

27 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
File Number
Questions?
If you have questions or would like additional
information, please contact Honeywell Inside Sales
at 1-800-796-2288.