International Journal of Engineering, Management & Sciences

(IJEMS)
ISSN: 2348 333, !olume"#, Issue"8, $ugust 2%#4

Abstract& In or'er to im(ro)e return loss, com(actness
an' efficienc* of antenna 'efecte' groun' structure +as ,een
use'- .+e (erformance of antenna is c+aracteri/e' ,* t+e
s+a(e, 'imension an' location of 'efecte' structure at s(ecific
(osition of groun'- .+is (a(er (resents 'efecte' groun'
structure (01S) im(lemente' 2it+ rectangular stri( in t+e
groun' (lane- .+e 'esign 2it+ 01S +as ,een anal*/e' ta3ing
'ifferent 'imensions of rectangular Slot an' ac+ie)e o(timi/e'
'imensions 2it+ t+e +el( of 45SS(4ig+ 5re6uenc* structural
simulator)-
Index Terms& Microstri( (atc+ $ntenna (MS7$),0efecte'
1roun' Structure (01S)-
I. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antenna [1]has been studied extensivel
over the past ears because o! its lo" pro!ile# li$ht "ei$ht#
lo" cost and eas !abrication. The are extre%el
co%patible !or e%bedded antennas in handheld portable
"ireless devices such as cellular phones# pa$ers
etc[&].These lo" pro!ile antennas are also use!ul in aircra!t#
satellite and %issile application# "here si'e# "ei$ht# cost#
ease o! installation and aerodna%ic pro!ile are strict
constraint. (ut %icrostrip patch antenna su!!ers !ro%
dra"bac)s li)e narro" band"idth and lo" $ain. *hile
usin$ %icrostrip patch antenna the other proble%s "hich
"ill occurs are hi$h loss and sur!ace "ave in substrate
laer# as the losses "ill al"as occurs in radiation as the
antenna is trans%ittin$ the si$nals[+].,or so%e applications
in "ireless co%%unications# it is -uite desirable to desi$n a
patch antenna coverin$ t"o or three !re-uenc bands "hich
are close to each other [.].*ireless
applications such a radar# tele%etr and co%%unication
sste% re-uire hi$h $ain# hi$h e!!icienc# lo" pro!ile# li$ht
"ei$ht and lo" cost alon$ "ith the research in
%iniaturi'ation o! sste% devices bein$ underta)en [/].It is
ver di!!icult to $et all such re-uire%ent in a sin$le
antenna. The hi$h conductor loss reduces the $ain and
e!!icienc [0]. There are %an approaches that can be
i%ple%ented in order to enhance the (and"idth o! the
%icrostrip patch antenna[1].2n individual %icrostrip patch
antenna has a tpical $ain o! about & d(. 3everal
approaches have been used to enhance the band"idth b
perturbin$ the hi$her order %ode b interpolatin$ sur!ace
%odi!ication into patch $eo%etr. The %ost uni-ue
techni-ue to reduce the si'e o! patch is to de!ect the $round.
*hile co%parin$ the antenna "ith the de!ected $round
structure and the antenna "ithout the de!ected $round# the
antenna havin$ de!ected $round structure reduces the si'e
o! antenna [+]. The percenta$e o! reduction o! si'e depends
4
Manuscri(t recei)e' $ugust ##, 2%#4.
8a9mi S+arma, M.Tech. 3cholar# 5aipur 6n$ineerin$ Colle$e# 7u)as
5aipur.
Sat*a Nara*an !i:a*, 2sst. 8ro!. Depart%ent o! 6lectronics 9
Co%%unication# 5aipur 6n$ineerin$ Colle$e# 7u)as 5aipur.
upon the $round area that is de!ected. De!ected :round
3tructure disturbs the shielded current distribution that
depends on the di%ension and shape o! the de!ect. The
current !lo" and the input i%pedance o! antenna are then
in!luenced b the disturbance at shielded current
distribution due to the D:3 structure. The D:3 structure
can also use to control the excitation and the
electro%a$netic "aves propa$atin$ throu$h the substrate
laer [/]
6xcept o! this# the conductor loss can be reduced b
constructin$ the !eed net"or) usin$ lo" trans%ission
%edia such as %icrostrip line o!!set !eed [11]. The
advanta$e o! this !eedin$ techni-ue includes si$ni!icantl
lo" attenuation and eas !abrication. In the ed$e !eedin$
%ethod# a conductin$ strip is connected directl to the ed$e
o! the radiatin$ patch .This %a be !urther considered as
centre !ed or o!!set !ed accordin$ to the position "here it is
connected to patch antenna[11].
2n e!!icient per!or%ance o! the antenna re-uires a proper
!eedin$ structure# "hich here e%plos !eed line on bac)
side o! $round [;]. One %erit o! this con!i$uration is a $ood
isolation bet"een the incident radiation and the !eedin$
circuits [/]. The "idth o! !eedin$ %icrostrip is *#
correspondin$ to characteristic i%pedance o! /<
=.Couplin$ bet"een the %icrostrip and the slot is achieved
"ith %icro"ave open stub [>].This paper introduces
contactin$ !eed %ethod usin$ o!! set %icrostrip !eed line in
"hich %icrostrip !eed line is sli$htl o!!set !ro% the %iddle
[1<].Results sho"s %ultiband operated %icrostrip patch
antenna "ith ?3*R@1.
II. 2NT6NN2 CON,I:UR2TION
2NT6NN2 :6OM6TRA
The proposed antenna structure consists o! a crossBshaped
%icrostrip !eed line and %ultiple open slots in the $round
sur!ace. ( properl selectin$ di%ensions o! slots various
bands can be obtained. Initiall no slots are cut on the
$round and results are observed. ,urther b introducin$
slots on the $round# e!!ects on bands are observed. 2
co%pact %icro stripB!ed slot antenna "ith %ulti band
operation is presented !or "ireless co%%unication sste%.
3ubstrate used is ,R+ "ith the relative dielectric constant o!
+.+.Thic)ness o! antenna is 1.&%%.The overall di%ension
o! the proposed antenna is .+C1+C1.& %%
.
.3lots are cut on
$round to introduce %ore bands .On the other hand. The
slots are electro%a$neticall !ed b a %icrostrip !eed line
on the other side o! board.The %odi!ied !eed line is sho"n
!urther# "hich is protruded "ith stub o! "idth *.
A) Design I
,i$ 1 sho"s the con!i$uration o! the proposed o!!set !ed
%icrostrip patch antenna. It consists o! a IBshaped radiator
"ith o!!set position and a $round "ith no slots. The !irst
step o! desi$nin$ is to deter%ine the si'e and di%ensions o!
patch. The antenna is !abricated on a lo" cost ,RB+
substrate "ith the thic)ness o! 1.&%%# a relative
;
222-allie':ournals-com
Microstrip 8atch 2ntenna "ith De!ected :round
3tructure 9 O!!set ,eed in the !ield o!
Co%%unication
8a9mi S+arma, Sat*a Nara*an !i:a*
International Journal of Engineering, Management & Sciences
(IJEMS)
ISSN: 2348 333, !olume"#, Issue"8, $ugust 2%#4
per%ittivit o! +.+ and a total si'e o! * C D. The radiated
%icrostrip line has si'e *p C Dp..The "idth o! %icrostrip
line is !ixed at "% to achieve /< = characteristics.
,i$.1. 8atch 2ntenna initial $eo%etr
3i%ulated Results
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Freq [GHz]
-60.00
-50.00
-40.00
-30.00
-20.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00
d
B
(S
(1
,1
))
HFSSDesig1 !" #$%& 101 ANSOFT
m1 m2 m3
m4
m5
m6
m7
'(r)e *+ %
dB(S(1,1))
Se&(,1 - S.ee,
/01e ! "
m1 0.4600 -11.0200
m2 4.5333 -10.6802
m3 5.7467 -2.2653
m4 7.1333 -10.7844
m5 6.5267 -21.5572
m6 3.5800 -32.6012
m7 0.7200 -53.4514
,i$. 1.Return Doss Calculation
The calculated result sho"s that the return loss reaches a
%ini%u% value o! about /. d( at <.; :E' o! the o!!set !ed
slot antenna. The desi$n $ives band"idth o! /;<F and 11
F .The antenna is resonant at !re-uenc <.;1<#../ 9
&./+:E' "ith dual band operation. This antenna proposes a
%icrostrip line patch antenna !or *IM2C# ,*2 9 D(3
applications.
-13.50
-2.50
-5.50
-1.50
20
60
30
0
-30
-60
-20
-120
-150
-180
150
120
HFSSDesig1 30di0&i% #0&&er 2 ANSOFT
'(r)e *+%
dB(r45%&0$)
Se&(,1 - 60s&7d0,&i)e
Freq892.4GHz9 #:i890deg9
,i$. ..Radiation 8attern
,i$.+. .D Radiation 8attern
,i$.. and ,i$.+ sho"s radiation characteristics o! antenna
across the operatin$ !re-uenc. ,ro% an overall vie"# the
antenna behaves nearl bidirectional.
,i$./
B) Design II
,urther to i%prove results# slots are cut in the $round plate.
These slots in $round plate i%proves the result obtained.
,i$ .&.Triple slots in $round plane
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Freq [GHz]
-35.00
-30.00
-25.00
-20.00
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
5.00
d
B
(S
(1
,1
))
HFSSDesig1 !" #$%& 25 ANSOFT
11
12
13 14 15 16
17
18
12
'(r)e *+ %
dB(S(1,1))
Se&(,1 - S.ee,
/01e ! "
11 2.1067 -10.0526
12 0.4600 -8.7620
13 2.6267 -10.3621
14 4.7233 -2.2270
15 5.6600 -10.3735
16 7.2200 -10.2710
17 6.5267 -32.2284
18 3.7533 -27.4752
12 0.8067 -32.8277
,i$ .;.Return Doss Calculation
3i%ulated Results
3i%ulated results sho"s band"idth o! 1</#/; 9 1.F.This
band is resonated at <.0#..; 9 &./ :E'.
0.28
0.56
0.84
1.12
20
60
30
0
-30
-60
-20
-120
-150
-180
150
120
HFSSDesig1 30di0&i% #0&&er 2 ANSOFT
'(r)e *+%
r45%&0$
Se&(,1 - 60s&7d0,&i)e
Freq892.45GHz9 #:i890deg9
,i$.0.Radiation 8attern

222-allie':ournals-com
Microstri( 7atc+ $ntenna 2it+ 0efecte' 1roun' Structure & <ffset 5ee' in t+e fiel' of =ommunication
,i$>. D Radiation 8attern
C) Design III
,i$ .1<.8enta slots in $round plane
3i%ulated Result
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Freq [GHz]
-45.00
-40.00
-35.00
-30.00
-25.00
-20.00
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
d
B
(S
(1
,1
))
HFSSDesig1 !" #$%& 35 ANSOFT
m1
m2 m3 m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
'(r)e *+ %
dB(S(1,1))
Se&(,1 - S.ee,
/01e ! "
m1 0.4600 -16.3270
m2 1.2333 -10.0522
m3 2.8000 -10.1724
m4 4.7067 -10.4123
m5 3.8400 -42.2832
m6 6.0067 -10.1235
m7 6.7867 -41.4647
m8 7.5667 -2.2342
m9 0.3733 -13.3446
,i$ .11.Return Doss Calculation
3i%ulated results $ive band"idth o! .+;F#/< 9 1+F
respectivel# "hich is better than results o! previous desi$n.
2ntenna is resonated at !re-uencies <.+# ..0 :E' and &.;
:E'.This antenna is suitable !or applications in 3 and C
bands. 2lso this antenna con!i$uration is "ell suited !or
*IM2C application.
,i$.11 D Radiation 8attern

0.24
0.48
0.72
0.26
20
60
30
0
-30
-60
-20
-120
-150
-180
150
120
HFSSDesig1 30di0&i% #0&&er 2 ANSOFT
'(r)e *+ %
r45%&0$
Se&(,1 - 60s&7d0,&i)e
Freq892.45GHz9 #:i890deg9
,i$.1..Raidation 8attern Measure%ent
III. CONCDU3ION
It is sho"n that in cases "here the band"idth o! printed
planar antenna is li%ited because o! restricted $round plane
si'e# the !eed line as%%etr can si$ni!icantl increase the
band"idth. ,or s%all si'e $round planes# the antenna
band"idth is unattractive unless !eedBline as%%etr is
used. The resultant antenna can achieve "ide i%pedance
band"idth "ith %ultibands. 2lso the ?3*R !or each
$eo%etr results @1 !or the resonated !re-uencies. These
tpes o! antennas are suitable to applications such as T?
broadcastin$# *IM2C# Mobile 8hones# *ireless D2N#
(luetooth #:83# (roadband *ireless# ,*2#R, 8o"ered
3ste% and various other applications.[/]

2C7NO*D6D:M6NT
The authors "ould li)e to than) Mrs.:ari%a Mathur !or
her support.
R6,6R6NC63
[1] : *en Chun$ Diu#GDesi$n o! Triple ,re-uenc %icrostripB,ed
Monoplole 2ntenna usin$ De!ected :round 3tructureGI666
Transactions on 2ntenna and 8ropo$ation#?ol./>#No.;#5ul 1<11.
[1] 5uhua Diu#Huan Cue#GDesi$n and analsis o! a Do"B8ro!ile and
(roadband Microstrip Monopole 8atch 2ntennaG#I666 Transactions
and 8ropa$ation#?ol.&1#No.1#5anuar 1<1.
[.] E.:.(oo)er I3lot aerials and their relation to co%ple%entar "ire
aerialsG#5.I66JDondonK#pt.III2#vol.>.#pp &1<B&1&#1>+&.
[+] Aon$B*oon$ 5an$G6xperi%ental 3tud o! Dar$e (and"idth ThreeB
O!!set MicrostripB,ed 3lot 2ntennaG#I666 Micro"ave and *ireless
Co%ponenet Detters#?ol.11#No.1<#Oct 1<<1.
[/] Lhi Nin$ Chen#GCentre ,ed Microstrip 8atch 2ntennaG#I666
Transactions on 2ntennas and 8ropa$ation#?ol./1#no..#March 1<<..
[&] 7eoor :osalia#GReduced si'e#Dual 8olari'ed Microstrip 8atch
2ntenna !or *ireless co%%unicationsGI666 Transactions on 2ntennas
and 8ropo$ation#?ol./1#No.>#3ept 1<<..
[;] 2lia)bar DastranM and Eabibollah 2biri G(and"idth 6nhance%ent o!
8rinted 6B3haped 3lot 2ntenna ,ed b C8* and Microstrip DineG#I666
Transactions on 2ntennas and 8ropa$ation#?ol./0#No.+#2pril 1<1<
[0] ?.8.3arin#M.3.nisha%ol#D.ton#C.7.2anandan#8.Mohanana and
7.?asudevan#G (roadband D strip ,ed 8rinted Microstrip
2ntennaGI666 Transactions on 2ntennas and
8ropa$ation#?ol./>#no.15anuar 1<11
[>] *in$ Chi Mo)#3ai Eoi *on$#7"ai Man Du) and 7ai ,on$ Dee#G3in$le
Daer 3in$le 8atch Dual (and and Triple (and 8atch 2ntennasGI666
Transactions on 2ntennas and 8ropo$ation#?ol.&1#No.0#2u$ust 1<1..
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:round structure !or a Microstrip 8atch 2ntennaG I666 2ntennas and
*ireless 8ropo$ation Detter#?ol.1#1<<..
[11] 3un#AANIsla%.M.TNCheun$#3*NAu)#TIN2'i%#RNMisran#NGO!!stB!ed
antenna "ith %ultiBslotted $round planeG#I666 Transaction.
[11] Diu#A.,#Dau#7.D Hue#and Chan#C.EG6xperi%ental studies o! printed
"ideBslot antenna !or "ideBband applicationsG#I666 2ntennas
"irel#8ropa$ation.Dett#1<<+#.#pp.1;.B1;/.
8
222-allie':ournals-com
International Journal of Engineering, Management & Sciences
(IJEMS)
ISSN: 2348 333, !olume"#, Issue"8, $ugust 2%#4
[1.] 3'e#5.A and *on$ .7.D#G(and"idth enhance%ent o! a %icrostripBline
!ed printed "ideBslot antennaO#I666 Trans 2ntennas and
propa$ation1<<1.
[1+] 3on$ 7#A.L.#Ain#and (.Chen#GTripleBband open DBslot antenna "ith a
slit and a strip !or *D2NP*iMax applicationG8ro$ress In
6lectro%a$netic Research Detters#?ol.11#1.>B1+&#1<11.
[1/] Di#LBH#C.D#Ruan#D.8en$ and CBE *u#GDesi$n o! a si%ple %ultiBband
antenna "ith a parasitic CBshaped strip#G5ournal o! 6lectro%a$netic
*aves and 2pplications#?ol.1+#No.1+B1/
>
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