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ENBAL
ENBAL
ENBAL
ENERGYBALANCE
Basis:1Hr.Operation
ENERGYBALANCESACROSSTHEFEEDPREHEATINGEQUIPMENT:
Theheatingofcold2butanolfeedistobecompletedinthreestagesinorderto
avoidlargeheatlosses.Thecoldfeedisfirstpreheatedtoitsboilingpointusingsteam
asheatingmediumandthenvaporizedinathermosyphonreboilerutilizingtheheat
containedinthereactionproducts.Thevapor,whichhasentrainedliquidisremoved
fromtheknockoutdrum,andthenheatedtoreactiontemperatureusingfluegas.
COLDFEEDPREHEATER:
Totalfeed=132.3585+1200.3768kg
=1332.7353kg
1332.7353kgperhourof2butanolistobepreheatedfrom250Citboilingpoint990C.
Heatloadonpreheater,
Q=1332.7353x1.497(372288)
=167.588x103KJ
Theheatingmediumisusedisdrysaturatedsteamat420K
Steamrequirement=167.588x10
3
2123.4
=78.9247kg/hr
2BUTANOLVAPORIZER:
2butanolfeedisvaporizedat107.50Cusingreactionproducts.
Heatloadonvaporizeris,Q=Mx
= 1332.7353x557.43KJ
= 742.906x103KJ/hr
AverageCpofreactionproducts=2.304KJ/Kg0k
742.906x103=1332.7353x2.304(642T)
22
T=400K
FIRSTSUPERHEATER:
2butanolvaporsistobeheatedfrom380.5kto573k.usingfluegaswhichentersat
673k&coolsto423k.
Cp=2.038kj/kgk.
Heatloadonsuperheater,Q=MxCpx(T2T1)
=1332.7353x2.038(573380.5)
3
Q=522.852x10 KJ/hr
Massflowrateoffluegas=522.852x10
3
1.2 x(673423)
3
= 1.742x10 KJ/hr
SECONDSUPERHEATER:
Itraisesthetemperatureofvaporfrom573to773k.usingfluegaswhichentersat
873kandcoolsto623k
Cp=2.674KJ/KgK
HeatloadonsuperheaterQ=MxCpx(T2T1)
= 1332.7353x2.674(773573)
= 13.9144x106KJ/hr
Fluegasrequirement,
=13.9144x10
6
1.195x(873623)
=4.6575x103kg/hr
ENERGYBALANCEACROSSTHEREACTOR:
Thefeedentersthereactorat773kandleavesat663k.Theconversionobtainedin
thereactoris90%.Theheatbalanceincludestwotermsi.e,sensibleheatchangedueto
coolingofreactionmixtureandheatconsumeduetoreaction.
Q=MxCpx(T2T1)+MxH
MeanCp=2.68KJ/kgk
23
H=73900KJ/kgmol
Cpmix
Total2butanolfeed=1332.7353kg/hr
= 18.0099kmol/hr
Q=1332.7353x2.68x(663773)+18.0099x0.9x73900=804.948x103KJ/hr
Itisassumethatafluegasisavailableat800k&leaving750k.
Cp=1.195KJ/kgk
Fluegasrequirement,
804.948x103
1.195x(800750)
=13.471x103kg/hr
=
ENERGYBALANCEACROSSTHECONDENSER:
4.3.1.1 Cooler condenser
Compone
nt
MEK
2
Butanol
H2
Total
Mass
1161.2
53
132.62
37
32.227
57
1326.1
05
Coolercondenser
%
87.568
76
Condensate
10.001
2.4302
43
100
Condensate
Componen
t
MEK
2-Butanol
H2
Compone
nt
MEK
2Butanol
H2
QR
xF
Mass
%
0.735 975.44 88.882
5
76
18
122.01 11.117
0.092
38
82
0
0
1097.4
Total
61
100
Mass
%
975.44 88.882
76
18
122.01 11.117
38
82
0
1097.4
61
0
100
ENERGYBALANCEACROSSTHEABSORBER:
HeatofcondensationofMEK
=3707.072x 443.14
=1.643x106 kj/hr
Heatofcondensationofalcoholis =233.488x560
=0.1308x106kj/hr
Heatofsolution
=(3707.072 +233.488)x0.35
=0.001379x106kj/hr
Heatlossincoolinggassesfrom62.7to270C
=(74.98x1.47+8.392x1.53+624.723x14.65)(62.7
27)
=0.3311x106kj/hr
6
Totalheatreleased=2.1063x10kj/hr
Heatremovedbywatervapor=(204.045x2437.9)
=0.49744x106kj/hr
Heatgainedbyirrigatingliquor
a) Water:31980.6816x4.186(T300)
b) MEK:3707.072x2.299x(T300)
c) Alcohol:233.488x2.429x(T300)
6
6
Totalheatgained=0.49744x10+0.142961x10
(T
300)kj/hr
Heatreleased=heatgained
=>
25
=>
T=311.25k
ENERGYBALANCEACROSSTHEEXTRACTIONCOLUMN:
Itisassumethattheextractionprocessisisothermal.Allthatstreamscomeat270C
andleavesat270C.
ENERGYBALANCEACROSSTHESOLVENTRECOVERY&UNIT:
Feedisnotsaturatedliquiditissubcoolliquid.Saturationtemperatureis
930CFromxydiagramwegetRm=0.38.
R=2Rm=0.76
Feed:
Alcohol=233.48=3.155kmol/hr
74
MEK=3577.639=49.689kmol/hr72
TCE=14992.191=112.3kmol/hr
133.5
Water=26.3613=1.465kmol/hr18
Total=166.609kmol/hr
MolefractionofMEK
XMEK=49.689=0.2982
166.609
Feedtemperature=270C
F.HF=3.155x170.058(270)+49.689x165.726x27+112.3x148.56x27+
1.465x75.36x27
F.HF=0.69025x106kj/hr
26
Distillate:
XMEK
Alcohol=233.488=3.1552kmol/hr
74
MEK=(3577.63921.3454)=49.39kmol/hr
72
Water=(26.361325.9195)=0.0246kmol/hr
18
TCE=2.5098=0.0188
kmol/hr133.5
Total=52.5886
kmol/hrD=52.5886kmol/hr
MolefractionofMEK,XMEK=49.39=0.94
52.5886
fromTxydiagramdistillatetemperature=80.40C
CpMEK=170kj/kmolk
Cpalcohol=228kj/kmolk
Cpwater=75.37kj/molk
CpTCE=148.56kj/molk
D. HD=3.1552x228+49.39x170+0.4421x75.37+0.0188x148.56(80.4)
6
= 0.7358x10 kj/hr
Residue:
MEK=21.2454kg=0.2965kmol/hr
TCE=15199.421kmol=113.85kmol/hr
133.5
Water=25.9195=1.4399kmol/hr
18
Total=115.5864kmol/hr
=0.2965=0.0026
115.5864
FromTxydiagramthetemoerature
obtained.T=1120C=385k(residue)
CpMEK=175kj/molk
Cpalcohol=260kj/kmolk
Cpwater=75.37kj/kmolk
27
CpTCE=148.56kj/kmolk
W. Hw=0.2965x175+113.85x148.56+1.4399x75.37x(112)
6
= 1.9123x10 kj/hr
Condenser:
VHv=D.HD+L.HL+Qc.
VHv=(D+L).HL+Qc
Qc=Vx(HvHL)
Qc=Vx
V=(1+R)xD
D=52.5886kmole/hr
V=(1+0.76)x52.5886=92.556kmole/hr.
Vx=92.556x3.18445x104
=2.9474x106kj/hr
Qc=2.9474x106kj/hr
Coolingwaterrequirement=2.9474x10
6
4.187x(4224)
=3.911x104kg/hr
Reboiler:
Overallheatbalance
F.HF+QB=Qc+D.HD+WHw
QB=Qc+D.HD+WHwF.HF
QB=DHD=WHw+QcFHF
QB=0.7358x106+1.9123x106+2.9474x1060.69025x106
QB=4.90525x106kj/hr
Steamisavailableat3.302barsteamtemperature=410k
28
Steamrequirementis=4.90525x10
2153.4
=2277.91kg/hr
Onecoolerisattachedtocooltheresidue.
Residueentersthecoolerat1120Candleavesat270C
So,coolingwaterrequirement=1.451299x10
6
4.187(4224)
=1.92567x104kg/hr
Onemoreheatexchangerisusedtoraisethetemperatureofthemixedliquor
ofcondensateandthedistillatefromthesolventrecoverycolumnto820C
2591.3424x170.058+18931.435x165.726(26.6)
74
72
+212.9726x260+3367.511x175
74
72
+QB=2804.315x260
74
+2.5098x148.56
133.5
+22298.946x165.726+2.5098x148.56(82)
72
133.5
QB=2.981x106KJ/hr
Steamisavailableat3.302bar,steamtemperature=410
K.Steamrequirement=2.981x10
6
2153.4
=1384.32Kg/hr
ENERGYBALANCEACROSSTHEDISTILLATIONCOLUMN:
Condenser:
Qc=Vx
Qc=Vx=541.261x3.1x107+5.4673x4.5x107
=17.025x106
So,massflowrateofcoolingwater=17.025x10
29
4.187x(4224)
=2.25899x106kg/hr
Reboiler:
QB=DHD+WHw+QcFHF
FHF=2804.315x260+22298.946x165.726+2.5098x148.56
74
72
133.5
(82)
=5.01696x106kj/hr
DHD=225.0x228+22275.0x170
74
72
6
=4.2896x10 kj/hr
WHw=2579.7131
74
(80.5)
=0.97632x106kj/hr
QB=17.274kj/hr
Steamavailableat=3.302bar.Steamtemperature=410k
6
Steamrequirement=17.274x10
2153.4
=8021.733kg/hr.
Distillate&theresiduebothhastobecooled
Heatloadtocoolthedistillatefrom80.5to300C=225x228+22275x170(80.530)
74
72
6
=2.69099x10 kj/hr.
So,coolingwaterrequirement,
=2.69099x10
6
4.187x(4224)
4
=3.57056x10 kg/hr
Recycle2butanolis107to270C
30
Coolingwaterrequirement=0.72996x10
4.187x(4224)
=9685.52kg/hr.
31