Module - 2

Scope, Terms & Conditions and

Objectives
Aims of an EMS
Identification & control of aspects, impacts, risks
Establishing & achieving a environmental policy,
objectives, targets, including compliance
with legislation
Identifying environmental opportunities
Monitoring & continual improvement of environmental
performance
Environmental
Policy
Continual
Improvement
EMS Model
Planning
Implementation
and Operation
Checking and
Corrective Action
Management
Review
P
D C
A
Environment
Surroundings in which an organization
operates, including air, water, land, natural
resources, flora, fauna, humans and their
interrelation.
Environmental Interaction
What can an organization control?
Can control the generation at the source;
Can prevent & minimize exposure to the pathway;
But has no control on the impact to the receptor.
Activities
ISO 14001 Guidance:
An organization should identify the various
activities, processes, products or services that are
included in the scope of the EMS
Distinguishing them in such a way that they are
large enough for meaningful examination and
small enough to be sufficiently understood.
Aspects
ISO 14001 guidance:
Identify all environmental aspects of activities,
products and services
Aspect = element of activity, product or service
which can have a beneficial or adverse effect on
the environment
Include all those that the organization can control
and over which it can be expected to have an
influence
Impacts
ISO 14001 guidance:
Organization should identify as many as possible
of the actual or potential environmental impacts
associated with each aspect of its activities
Impact = change which takes place in the
environment as a result of the aspect, either
positive or negative
Aspect and Impacts
Environmental Aspect
Element of an organisations activities, products or
services which can interact with the environment.
Environmental Impact
Any change to the environment, whether adverse or
beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organisations activities, products or services.
NOTE - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect
which has or can have a significant environmental impact
Aspects & Impacts
Environmental Aspects and Impacts
Activity
Defining Significance
Rating can be based on:
Scale
Occurrence
Impact
Control
Detection
Rating
1 2 3 4 5
Scale
Localized Department Factory City Global
Occurrence
Once in a
year/less
frequent
Once in a
month
Once in a
week
Once in a
day
Continuou
s
Impact
Slight Negligible Nuisance
causing,
killing
vegetation
Human
health effect
Fatal
Control
Easily
controllable
Controllable
but with cost
Difficult but
expensive to
control
Extremely
difficult to
control
Not
controllable
with
available
technology
Detection
Easily
detectable
Certainly
detectable
Difficult to
detect
Extremely
difficult to
detect
Can be
detected
only after
damage is
caused
Key Definitions (Sections 3)
System
Set of interrelated elements
Management System
System used to establish policy and objectives
and to achieve those objectives.
Includes organizational structure, planning
activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures
and resources.
Part of an organizations management system
used to develop and implement its
environmental policy and manage its
environmental aspects.
Key Definitions
Continual Improvement
Recurring process of enhancing the
environmental management
system in order to achieve
improvements in overall
environmental performance
consistent with the organizations
environmental policy.
NOTE: The process need not take place in
all areas to activity simultaneously
Key Definitions
Prevention of Pollution
Use of processes, practices, materials or products
that avoid, reduce or control pollution, which may
include recycling, treatment, process changes,
control mechanisms, efficient use of resources
and material substitution.
NOTE: Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or
elimination, process, product or service changes, efficient use of
resources, material and energy substitution, reuse, recovery,
recycling, reclamation and treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Overall intentions and directions of an
organization related to its environmental
performance as formally expressed by top
management.
NOTE:- The environmental [policy provides a
framework for action and for the setting of
environmental objectives and targets.
Key Elements of an EMS
Environmental Policy
Develop a statement of your organizations
commitment to the environment with the
following in mind.
Continual improvement
Pollution prevention
Compliance with relevant laws & regulation
Keep it simple and understandable
Environmental
Objectives & Targets
Environmental Objective
Overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental policy, that
an organisation sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified where
practicable.
Environmental Target
Detailed performance requirement, quantified where practicable,
applicable to the organisation or parts thereof, that arises from the
environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to
achieve those objectives.
The organization shall establish and maintain (a)
programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. It shall
include:
a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and
targets at each relevant function and level of the organization;
b) the means and time-frame by which they are to be
achieved.
If a project relates to new developments and new or modified
activities, products or services, programme(s) shall be
amended where relevant to ensure that environmental
management applies to such projects. (ISO 14001 4.3.4)
Environmental Management
Programmes
The organization shall establish and maintain documented
procedures to monitor and measure, on a regular basis, the
key characteristics of its operations and activities that can
have a significant impact on the environment. Shall include:
- recording of information to track
performance,
- relevant operational controls, and
- conformance with the organizations
environmental objectives and targets.
Monitoring equipment shall
- be calibrated and maintained and
- records of this process be retained according to the
organizations procedures.
Organization shall establish and maintain a documented
procedure for periodically evaluating compliance with
relevant environmental legislation and regulations.
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT
The organization shall
- establish and maintain procedures for defining
responsibility & authority for handling and investigating
non-conformance,
- taking action to mitigate any impacts caused and
- for initiating and completing corrective and preventive
action.
Any corrective or preventive action taken to eliminate the causes
of actual and potential non conformances shall be appropriate to
the magnitude of problems and commensurate with the
environmental impact encountered.
The organization shall implement and record any changes in the
documented procedures resulting from corrective and preventive
action.
NON-CONFORMANCE AND CORRECTIVE &
PREVENTIVE ACTION (CAPA)
The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for
- identification maintenance and
- disposition of environmental records.
Records shall include training records and the results of audits ad reviews.
Environmental records shall be
- legible, identifiable and traceable to the activity, product or service
involved;
- stored and maintained in such a way that they are readily retrievable
and protected against damage, deterioration or loss.
Their retention times shall be
- established and recorded;
- maintained as appropriate to the system and to the organization, to
demonstrate conformance to the requirements of Standards.
RECORDS
The organization shall establish and maintain programm(s) and
procedures for periodic EMS audits to be carried out in order to:
a). Determine whether or not the environmental management
system
1. Conforms to planned arrangements for environmental
management including the requirements of this
International
Standard and
2. Has been properly implemented and maintained and
b). Provide information on the results of audits to
management.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS AUDIT
Internal Audit
Systematic, independent and documented process for
obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to
determine the extent to which the environmental
management system audit criteria set by the organization
are fulfilled.
Internal Audit
Program and schedule shall
reflect
Potential environmental impact of
activities
Results of previous audit
Procedures cover:
Audit
scope/frequency/methodology
Responsibility/auditor requirements
How to report findings
Why Audit?
To satisfy ISO 14001
Ensure compliance with procedures
Determine effectiveness of system
Detect & correct non-conformities
Identify training needs
Appraise management about facts
Identify & highlight weaknesses &
strengths
Identify areas of improvement
Top management review at intervals to ensure
suitability adequacy and effectiveness of EMS;
Review process ensure collection of necessary
information to carry out this evaluation and
documented;
Management review shall address:
possible need for changes to policy,
objectives and other elements of the
environmental management system in the light
of environmental management system audit
results, changing circumstances and
commitment to continual improvement.
MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Summary
Objectives and aims of Environment Management System
Key Definitions
Explanations of important definitions