2006 Labor Law Case Digests

PHILIPPINE COMMERCIAL INTERNATIONAL BANK VS ANASTACIO D ABAD

!R No "#$0%# &ebr'ar( 2$) 200#
&a*ts+ A,asta*io D Aba- was t.e se,ior Assista,t Ma,ager /Sa0es Hea-1 o2 3etitio,er P.i0i33i,e
Co44er*ia0 I,ter,atio,a0 Ba,5 /PCI Ba,5 ,ow E6'itab0e PCI Ba,517) w.e, .e was -is4isse-
2ro4 .is wor5 Aba- re*ei8e- a Me4ora,-'4 2ro4 3etitio,er Ba,5 *o,*er,i,g t.e irreg'0ar
*0eari,g o2 PNB9Na8a0 C.e*5 o2 Si:t' C.') t.e Ba,5;s 8a0'e- *0ie,t Aba- s'b4itte- .is A,swer)
*ategori*a00( -e,(i,g t.at .e i,str'*te- .is s'bor-i,ates to 8a0i-ate t.e o't9o29tow, *.e*5s o2
Si:t' C.' 3rese,te- 2or -e3osit or e,*as.4e,t as 0o*a0 *0eari,g *.e*5s D'ri,g t.e a*t'a0
i,8estigatio, *o,-'*te- b( 3etitio,er Ba,5) se8era0 tra,sa*tio,s 8io0ati8e o2 t.e Ba,5;s Po0i*ies
a,- R'0es a,- Reg'0atio,s were ',*o8ere- b( t.e &a*t9&i,-i,g Co44ittee Co,se6'e,t0() t.e
&a*t9&i,-i,g O22i*er o2 3etitio,er Ba,5 iss'e- a,ot.er Me4ora,-'4 to Aba- as5i,g t.e 0atter to
e:30ai, t.e ,ew0( -is*o8ere- irreg'0arities Not satis2ie- wit. t.e e:30a,atio,s o2 Aba-) 3etitio,er
Ba,5 ser8e- a,ot.er Me4ora,-'4) ter4i,ati,g .is e430o(4e,t e22e*ti8e i44e-iate0( '3o,
re*ei3t o2 t.e sa4e T.'s) Aba- i,stit'te- a Co430ai,t 2or I00ega0 Dis4issa0
Iss'e+ <.et.er or ,ot awar-i,g o2 se3aratio, 3a( e6'i8a0e,t to o,e9.a02 /"=21 4o,t.;s 3a( 2or
e8er( (ear o2 ser8i*e to res3o,-e,t is gross) t.e sa4e bei,g *o,trar( to 0aw a,- >'ris3r'-e,*e
He0-+ T.e awar- o2 se3aratio, 3a( is re6'ire- 2or -is4issa0s -'e to *a'ses s3e*i2ie- ',-er
Arti*0es 2$? a,- 2$% o2 t.e Labor Co-e) as we00 as 2or i00ega0 -is4issa0s i, w.i*. rei,state4e,t is
,o 0o,ger 2easib0e O, t.e ot.er .a,-) a, e430o(ee -is4isse- 2or a,( o2 t.e >'st *a'ses
e,'4erate- ',-er Arti*0e 2$2 o2 t.e Labor Co-e is ,ot) as a r'0e) e,tit0e- to se3aratio, 3a(
As a, e:*e3tio,) a00owi,g t.e gra,t o2 se3aratio, 3a( or so4e ot.er 2i,a,*ia0 assista,*e to a,
e430o(ee -is4isse- 2or >'st *a'ses is base- o, e6'it( T.e Co'rt .as gra,te- se3aratio, 3a( as a
4eas're o2 so*ia0 >'sti*e e8e, w.e, a, e430o(ee .as bee, 8a0i-0( -is4isse-) as 0o,g as t.e
-is4issa0 was ,ot -'e to serio's 4is*o,-'*t or re20e*ti8e o2 3erso,a0 i,tegrit( or 4ora0it(
BERNARDINO A CAIN!AT) 8s NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION) STA L@CIA
REALTA B DEV;T) INC) RS MAINTENANCE B SERVICES) INC) a,- RS NI!HT HA<K
SEC@RITA B INVESTI!ATION A!ENCA) INC
!R No "#%?0$ Mar*. "0) 200#
&a*ts+ Petitio,er Be,ar-i,o A Cai,gat was .ire- b( res3o,-e,t Sta L'*ia Rea0t( a,-
De8e0o34e,t) I,* /SLRDI1 as t.e !e,era0 Ma,ager o2 SLRDI;s sister *o43a,ies) RS Nig.t
Haw5 Se*'rit( a,- I,8estigatio, Age,*() I,*) a,- RS Mai,te,a,*e a,- Ser8i*es I,* bot.
orga,iCe- to ser8i*e t.e 4a00s a,- s'b-i8isio,s ow,e- b( SLRDI I, *o,,e*tio, wit. t.is) .e was
a00owe- to 'se "0D o2 t.e tota0 3a(ro00 o2 res3o,-e,t RS Mai,te,a,*e to -e2ra( o3erati,g
e:3e,ses Later) t.e &i,a,*e Ma,ager -is*o8ere- t.at 3etitio,er -e3osite- *o43a,( 2',-s i, t.e
0atter;s 3erso,a0 a**o',t a,- 'se- t.e 2',-s to 3a( .is *re-it *ar- 3'r*.ases) 'ti0it( bi00s) tri3s
abroa- a,- a*6'isitio, o2 a 0ot i, Lag',a T.'s) *o430ai,a,t re*ei8e- a 4e4ora,-'4 stati,g
t.at '3o, 8eri2i*atio, o2 2i,a,*ia0 re*or-s) it was 2o',- t.at t.e 0atter .a8e 4isa33ro3riate-
*o43a,( 2',-s i, t.e s'4 o2 abo't P#) 000)00000 a,- is .ereb( s's3e,-e- 2ro4 .is -'ties as
Ma,ager o2 t.e state- *o43a,ies <it.o't *o,-'*ti,g a,( i,8estigatio,) res3o,-e,t RS
Mai,te,a,*e 2i0e- a *o430ai,t 2or s'4 o2 4o,e( a,- -a4ages wit. 3ra(er 2or writ o2 3re0i4i,ar(
atta*.4e,t Petitio,er i, t'r, 2i0e- a *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0 -is4issa0 agai,st t.e res3o,-e,ts
Iss'e+ Di- res3o,-e,ts i00ega00( -is4iss 3etitio,erE
He0-+ As 2ir40( e,tre,*.e- i, o'r >'ris3r'-e,*e) 0oss o2 tr'st a,- *o,2i-e,*e as a >'st *a'se 2or
ter4i,atio, o2 e430o(4e,t is 3re4ise- o, t.e 2a*t t.at a, e430o(ee *o,*er,e- .o0-s a 3ositio,
w.ere greater tr'st is 30a*e- b( 4a,age4e,t a,- 2ro4 w.o4 greater 2i-e0it( to -'t( is
*orres3o,-i,g0( e:3e*te- T.is i,*0'-es 4a,ageria0 3erso,,e0 e,tr'ste- wit. *o,2i-e,*e o,
-e0i*ate 4atters) s'*. as t.e *'sto-() .a,-0i,g) or *are a,- 3rote*tio, o2 t.e e430o(er;s 3ro3ert(
T.e betra(a0 o2 t.is tr'st is t.e esse,*e o2 t.e o22e,se 2or w.i*. a, e430o(ee is 3e,a0iCe-
Ma,age4e,t;s 0oss o2 tr'st a,- *o,2i-e,*e o, 3etitio,er was we00 >'sti2ie- Pri8ate res3o,-e,ts
.a- e8er( rig.t to -is4iss 3etitio,er Petitio,er;s 0o,g 3erio- o2 -isa33eara,*e 2ro4 t.e s*e,e a,-
-e3art're 2or abroa- be2ore 4a5i,g a *0ai4 o2 i00ega0 -is4issa0 -oes ,ot *o,trib'te to its
*re-ibi0it(
No,et.e0ess) w.i0e -is4issa0 4a( tr'0( be >'sti2ie- b( 0oss o2 *o,2i-e,*e) t.e 4a,age4e,t 2ai0e-
to obser8e 2'00( t.e 3ro*e-'ra0 re6'ire4e,t o2 -'e 3ro*ess 2or t.e ter4i,atio, o2 3etitio,er;s
e430o(4e,t Two ,oti*es s.o'0- be se,t to t.e e430o(ee T.e res3o,-e,ts o,0( se,t t.e 2irst
,oti*e) g0ea,e- 2ro4 t.e 4e4ora,-'4 T.ere was ,o se*o,- ,oti*e
RETRENCHMENTF NOTICE REG@IREMENTFSEPARATION PAA
HAKA &OOD PROCESSIN! CORPORATION) 8s DAR<IN PACOT) ROBERT PAROHINO!)
DAVID BISNAR) MARLON DOMIN!O) RHOEL LESCANO a,- HONATHAN CA!ABCAB
!R No "#"?I$ Mar*. 2$) 200#
&a*ts+ Res3o,-e,ts were ear0ier .ire- b( 3etitio,er HAKA &oo-s Pro*essi,g Cor3oratio, ',ti0 t.e
0atter ter4i,ate- t.eir e430o(4e,t be*a'se t.e *or3oratio, was Ji, -ire 2i,a,*ia0 straitsK It is
,ot -is3'te-) .owe8er) t.at t.e ter4i,atio, was e22e*te- wit.o't HAKA *o430(i,g wit. t.e
re6'ire4e,t ',-er Arti*0e 2$? o2 t.e Labor Co-e regar-i,g t.e ser8i*e o2 a writte, ,oti*e '3o,
t.e e430o(ees a,- t.e De3art4e,t o2 Labor a,- E430o(4e,t at 0east o,e /"1 4o,t. be2ore t.e
i,te,-e- -ate o2 ter4i,atio, Res3o,-e,ts 2i0e- *o430ai,ts 2or i00ega0 -is4issa0) ',-er3a(4e,t o2
wages a,- ,o,3a(4e,t o2 ser8i*e i,*e,ti8e 0ea8e a,- "?t. 4o,t. 3a( agai,st HAKA T.e Labor
Arbiter re,-ere- a -e*isio, -e*0ari,g t.e ter4i,atio, i00ega0 a,- or-eri,g HAKA to rei,state
res3o,-e,ts wit. 2'00 ba*5wages) a,- se3aratio, 3a( i2 rei,state4e,t is ,ot 3ossib0e T.e Co'rt o2
A33ea0s re8erse- sai- -e*isio, a,- or-ere- res3o,-e,t HAKA to 3a( 3etitio,ers se3aratio, 3a(
e6'i8a0e,t to o,e /"1 4o,t. sa0ar() t.e 3ro3ortio,ate "?t. 4o,t. 3a( a,-) i, a--itio,) 2'00
ba*5wages 2ro4 t.e ti4e t.eir e430o(4e,t was ter4i,ate-
Iss'e+ <.at are t.e 0ega0 i430i*atio,s o2 a sit'atio, w.ere a, e430o(ee is -is4isse- 2or *a'se b't
s'*. -is4issa0 was e22e*te- wit.o't t.e e430o(er;s *o430ia,*e wit. t.e ,oti*e re6'ire4e,t ',-er
t.e Labor Co-eE
He0-+ It was estab0is.e- t.at t.ere was gro',- 2or res3o,-e,ts; -is4issa0) ie) retre,*.4e,t)
w.i*. is o,e o2 t.e a't.oriCe- *a'ses e,'4erate- ',-er Arti*0e 2$? o2 t.e Labor Co-e Li5ewise)
it is estab0is.e- t.at HAKA 2ai0e- to *o430( wit. t.e ,oti*e re6'ire4e,t ',-er t.e sa4e Arti*0e
Co,si-eri,g t.e 2a*t'a0 *ir*'4sta,*es i, t.e i,sta,t *ase) t.e Co'rt -ee4 it 3ro3er to 2i: t.e
i,-e4,it( at P#0) 00000 T.e Co'rt o2 A33ea0s .a8e bee, i, error w.e, it or-ere- HAKA to 3a(
res3o,-e,ts se3aratio, 3a( e6'i8a0e,t to o,e /"1 4o,t. sa0ar( 2or e8er( (ear o2 ser8i*e JI, a00
*ases o2 b'si,ess *0os're or *essatio, o2 o3eratio, or ',-erta5i,g o2 t.e e430o(er) t.e a22e*te-
e430o(ee is e,tit0e- to se3aratio, 3a( T.is is *o,siste,t wit. t.e state 3o0i*( o2 treati,g 0abor as a
3ri4ar( so*ia0 e*o,o4i* 2or*e) a22or-i,g 2'00 3rote*tio, to its rig.ts as we00 as its we02are T.e
e:*e3tio, is w.e, t.e *0os're o2 b'si,ess or *essatio, o2 o3eratio,s is -'e to serio's b'si,ess
0osses or 2i,a,*ia0 re8ersesF -'0( 3ro8e-) i, w.i*. *ase) t.e rig.t o2 a22e*te- e430o(ees to
se3aratio, 3a( is 0ost 2or ob8io's reaso,sK
HACIENDA BINO=HORTENCIA STARKE) INC=HORTENCIA L STARKE VS CANDIDO
C@ENCA ET AL
!R No "#0%I$ A3ri0 "#) 200#
&a*ts+ Ha*ie,-a Bi,o is a 2?69.e*tare s'gar 30a,tatio, 0o*ate- at Negros O**i-e,ta0) a,-
re3rese,te- i, t.is *ase b( Horte,*ia L Star5e) ow,er a,- o3erator o2 t.e sai- .a*ie,-a T.e I6
i,-i8i-'a0 res3o,-e,ts were 3art o2 t.e wor52or*e o2 Ha*ie,-a Bi,o *o,sisti,g o2 220 wor5ers)
3er2or4i,g 8ario's wor5s) s'*. as *'0ti8atio,) 30a,ti,g o2 *a,e 3oi,ts) 2erti0iCatio,) wateri,g)
wee-i,g) .ar8esti,g) a,- 0oa-i,g o2 .ar8este- s'gar*a,es to *argo tr'*5s D'ri,g t.e o2294i00i,g
seaso,) 3etitio,er Star5e iss'e- a, Or-er or Noti*e w.i*. state-) t.at a00 Ha*ie,-a e430o(ees
w.o sig,e- i, 2a8or o2 CARP are e:3ressi,g t.eir -esire to get o't o2 e430o(4e,t o, t.eir ow,
8o0itio, T.e res3o,-e,ts regar-e- s'*. ,oti*e as a ter4i,atio, o2 t.eir e430o(4e,t As a
*o,se6'e,*e) t.e( 2i0e- a *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0 -is4issa0 T.e res3o,-e,ts as *o430ai,a,ts a00ege-
t.at t.e( are reg'0ar a,- 3er4a,e,t wor5ers o2 t.e .a*ie,-a a,- t.at t.e( were -is4isse-
wit.o't >'st a,- 0aw2'0 *a'se
Iss'e+ <.et.er t.e res3o,-e,ts are reg'0ar or seaso,a0 e430o(ees
He0-+ T.e 3ri4ar( sta,-ar- 2or -eter4i,i,g reg'0ar e430o(4e,t is t.e reaso,ab0e *o,,e*tio,
betwee, t.e 3arti*'0ar a*ti8it( 3er2or4e- b( t.e e430o(ee i, re0atio, to t.e 's'a0 tra-e or
b'si,ess o2 t.e e430o(er T.ere is ,o -o'bt t.at t.e res3o,-e,ts were 3er2or4i,g wor5 ,e*essar(
a,- -esirab0e i, t.e 's'a0 tra-e or b'si,ess o2 a, e430o(er He,*e) t.e( *a, 3ro3er0( be *0assi2ie-
as reg'0ar e430o(ees &or res3o,-e,ts to be e:*0'-e- 2ro4 t.ose *0assi2ie- as reg'0ar e430o(ees)
it is ,ot e,o'g. t.at t.e( 3er2or4 wor5 or ser8i*es t.at are seaso,a0 i, ,at're T.e( 4'st .a8e
bee, e430o(e- o,0( 2or t.e -'ratio, o2 o,e seaso, <.i0e t.e re*or-s s'22i*ie,t0( s.ow t.at t.e
res3o,-e,ts; wor5 i, t.e .a*ie,-a was seaso,a0 i, ,at're) t.ere was) .owe8er) ,o 3roo2 t.at t.e(
were .ire- 2or t.e -'ratio, o2 o,e seaso, o,0(
ALABAN! CO@NTRA CL@B INC) ET AL VS NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION)
ET AL
!R No "#I6"" A'g'st L) 200#
&a*ts+ Petitio,er A0aba,g Co',tr( C0'b I,* /ACCI1) is a sto*5) ,o,93ro2it *or3oratio, t.at
o3erates a,- 4ai,tai,s a *o',tr( *0'b a,- 8ario's s3orts a,- re*reatio,a0 2a*i0ities 2or t.e
e:*0'si8e 'se o2 its 4e4bers So4eti4e i, "LL?) &ra,*is*o &errer) t.e, Presi-e,t o2 ACCI)
re6'este- its I,ter,a0 A'-itor) to *o,-'*t a st'-( o, t.e 3ro2itabi0it( o2 ACCI;s &oo- a,-
Be8erage De3art4e,t /& B B De3art4e,t1 Co,se6'e,t0() re3ort s.owe- t.at 2ro4 "L$L to "LL?)
& B B De3art4e,t .a- bee, i,*'rri,g s'bsta,tia0 0osses Rea0iCi,g t.at it was ,o 0o,ger 3ro2itab0e
2or ACCI to 4ai,tai, its ow, & B B De3art4e,t) t.e 4a,age4e,t -e*i-e- to *ease 2ro4 o3erati,g
t.e -e3art4e,t a,- to o3e, t.e sa4e to a *o,tra*tor) s'*. as a *o,*essio,aire) w.i*. wo'0- be
wi00i,g to o3erate its ow, 2oo- a,- be8erage b'si,ess wit.i, t.e *0'b T.'s) ACCI se,t its & B B
De3art4e,t e430o(ee;s i,-i8i-'a0 0etters i,2or4i,g t.e4 t.at t.eir ser8i*es were bei,g
ter4i,ate- a,- t.at t.e( wo'0- be 3ai- se3aratio, 3a( T.e @,io, i, t'r,) wit. t.e a't.orit( o2
i,-i8i-'a0 res3o,-e,ts) 2i0e- a *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0 -is4issa0
Iss'e+ <.et.er or ,ot t.e *0'b;s rig.t to ter4i,ate its e430o(ees 2or a, a't.oriCe- *a'se)
3arti*'0ar0( to se*'re its *o,ti,'e- 8iabi0it( a,- e:iste,*e is 8a0i-
He0-+ <.e, 3etitio,er -e*i-e- to *ease o3erati,g its & B B De3art4e,t a,- o3e, t.e sa4e to a
*o,*essio,aire) it -i- ,ot re-'*e t.e ,'4ber o2 3erso,,e0 assig,e- t.ereat It ter4i,ate- t.e
e430o(4e,t o2 a00 3erso,,e0 assig,e- at t.e -e3art4e,t
Petitio,er;s 2ai0're to 3ro8e t.at t.e *0os're o2 its & B B De3art4e,t was -'e to s'bsta,tia0 0osses
,otwit.sta,-i,g) t.e Co'rt 2i,-s t.at i,-i8i-'a0 res3o,-e,ts were -is4isse- o, t.e gro',- o2
*0os're or *essatio, o2 a, ',-erta5i,g ,ot -'e to serio's b'si,ess 0osses or 2i,a,*ia0 re8erses)
w.i*. is a00owe- ',-er Arti*0e 2$? o2 t.e Labor Co-e T.e *0os're o2 o3eratio, o2 a,
estab0is.4e,t or ',-erta5i,g ,ot -'e to serio's b'si,ess 0osses or 2i,a,*ia0 re8erses i,*0'-es
bot. t.e *o430ete *essatio, o2 o3eratio,s a,- t.e *essatio, o2 o,0( 3art o2 a *o43a,(;s a*ti8ities
ELEMENTS O& ILLE!AL RECR@ITMENT IN LAR!E SCALE
PEOPLE O& THE PHILIPPINES VS ROSE D@H@A) ET AL
!R Nos "%L0"%9"6 &ebr'ar( #) 200%
&a*ts+ Ra4o, D'>'a) .is 4ot.er Rose) .is a',t) E-it.a Si,g.) a,- .is ',*0e) !'i00er4o Sa4so,
were *.arge- wit. i00ega0 re*r'it4e,t i, 0arge s*a0e O,0( Ra4o, was arreste- &o'r testi2ie-
agai,st Ra4o, D'>'a A00 o2 t.e4 were 3ro4ise- wor5 abroa- '3o, 3a(4e,t o2 2ees b't t.e(
were ,ot a*t'a00( -e30o(e- Ra4o, 30ea-e- ,ot g'i0t( a,- -e,ie- t.e a00egatio,s t.at .e was a
re*r'iter
Iss'e+ <.et.er or ,ot i00ega0 re*r'it4e,t i, 0arge s*a0e was *o44itte- b( Rao, D'>'a) et a0
He0-+ T.e esse,tia0 e0e4e,ts o2 t.e *ri4e o2 i00ega0 re*r'it4e,t i, 0arge s*a0e are+ "1 T.e a**'se-
e,gages i, a*ts o2 re*r'it4e,t a,- 30a*e4e,t o2 wor5ers -e2i,e- ',-er Arti*0e "? /b1 or i, a,(
3ro.ibite- a*ti8ities ',-er Arti*0e ?% o2 t.e Labor Co-eF 21 t.e a**'se- .as ,ot *o430ie- wit. t.e
g'i-e0i,es iss'e- b( t.e Se*retar( o2 Labor a,- E430o(4e,t 3arti*'0ar0( wit. res3e*t to t.e
se*'ri,g o2 a 0i*e,se or a, a't.orit( to re*r'it a,- -e30o( wor5ers eit.er 0o*a00( or o8erseasF a,-
?1 t.e a**'se- *o44its t.e ',0aw2'0 a*ts agai,st t.ree or 4ore 3erso,s i,-i8i-'a00( or as a
gro'3
A00 t.ree e0e4e,ts were estab0is.e- be(o,- reaso,ab0e -o'bt
&irst) t.e testi4o,ies o2 t.e *o430ai,i,g wit,esses satis2a*tori0( 3ro8e- t.at D'>'a 3ro4ise-
t.e4 e430o(4e,t a,- ass're- t.e4 o2 30a*e4e,t o8erseas A00 o2 t.e4 i-e,ti2ie- D'>'a as t.e
3erso, w.o re*r'ite- t.e4 2or e430o(4e,t abroa- As agai,st t.e 3ositi8e a,- *ategori*a0
testi4o,ies o2 t.e t.ree *o430ai,a,ts) D'>'a;s 4ere -e,ia0s *a,,ot 3re8ai0 As 0o,g as t.e
3rose*'tio, is ab0e to estab0is.t.ro'g. *re-ib0e testi4o,ia0 e8i-e,*e t.at D'>'a .as e,gage- i,
i00ega0 re*r'it4e,t ) a *o,8i*tio, 2or t.e o22e,se *a, 8er( we00 be >'sti2ie-
Se*o,-) D'>'a -i- ,ot .a8e a,( 0i*e,se or a't.orit( to re*r'it 3erso,s 2or o8erseas wor5) as
s.ow, b( t.e Certi2i*atio, iss'e- b( t.e POEA Neit.er -i- .is e430o(er) <or0- Pa*5 Tra8e0 a,-
To'rs) 3ossess s'*. 0i*e,se or a't.orit(
T.ir-) it .as bee, a00ege- a,- 3ro8e, t.at D'>'a ',-ertoo5 t.e re*r'it4e,t o2 4ore t.a, t.ree
3erso,s
CBAF RE&@SAL TO RENE!OTIATE ECONOMIC PROVISIONS O& THE CBA BA THE
MANA!EMENT CONSTIT@TES @LP
!ENERAL MILLIN! CORPORATION VS HON CO@RT O& APPEALS
!R No "%6I2$ &ebr'ar( "") 200%
&a*ts+ !e,era0 Mi00i,g Cor3oratio, e430o(e- "L0 wor5ers A00 t.e e430o(ees were 4e4bers o2 a
',io, w.i*. is a -'0( *erti2ie- bargai,i,g age,t T.e !MC a,- t.e ',io, e,tere- i,to a *o00e*ti8e
bargai,i,g agree4e,t w.i*. i,*0'-e- t.e iss'e o2 re3rese,tatio, t.at is e22e*ti8e 2or a ter4 o2
t.ree (ears w.i*. wi00 e:3ire o, No8e4ber ?0) "LL" O, No8e4ber 2L) "LL") a -a( be2ore t.e
e:3iratio, o2 t.e CBA) t.e ',io, se,t !MC a 3ro3ose- CBA) wit. a re6'est t.at a *o',ter
3ro3osa0 be s'b4itte- wit.i, te, -a(s o, O*tober "LL") !MC re*ei8e- *o00e*ti8e a,- i,-i8i-'a0
0etters 2ro4 t.e ',io, 4e4bers stati,g t.at t.e( .a8e wit.-raw, 2ro4 t.eir ',io, 4e4bers.i3
O, De*e4ber "L) "LL") t.e ',io, -is*0ai4e- a,( 4assi8e -isa22i0iatio, o2 its ',io, 4e4bers O,
Ha,'ar( "?) "LL2) !MC -is4isse- a, e430o(ee w.o is a ',io, 4e4ber T.e ',io, 3rote*te- t.e
e430o(ee a,- re6'este- !MC to s'b4it to t.e grie8a,*e 3ro*e-'re 3ro8i-e- b( t.e CBA) b't
!MC arg'e- t.at t.ere was ,o basis to ,egotiate wit. a ',io, w.i*. is ,o 0o,ger e:isti,g T.e
',io, t.e, 2i0e- a *ase wit. t.e Labor Arbiter b't t.e 0atter r'0e- t.at t.ere 4'st 2irst be a
*erti2i*atio, e0e*tio, to -eter4i,e i2 t.e ',io, sti00 e,>o(s t.e s'33ort o2 t.e wor5ers
Iss'e+ <.et.er or ,ot !MC is g'i0t( o2 ',2air 0abor 3ra*ti*e 2or 8io0ati,g its -'t( to bargai,
*o00e*ti8e0( a,-=or 2or i,ter2eri,g wit. t.e rig.t o2 its e430o(ees to se029orga,iCatio,
He0-+ !MC is g'i0t( o2 ',2air 0abor 3ra*ti*e w.e, it re2'se- to ,egotiate wit. t.e ',io, '3o, its
re6'est 2or t.e re,egotiatio, o2 t.e e*o,o4i* ter4s o2 t.e CBA o, No8e4ber 2L) "LL" t.e ',io,;s
3ro3osa0 was s'b4itte- wit.i, t.e 3res*ribe- ?9(ear 3erio- 2ro4 t.e -ate o2 e22e*ti8it( o2 t.e
CBA It was ob8io's t.at !MC .a- ,o 8a0i- reaso, to re2'se to ,egotiate i, goo- 2ait. wit. t.e
',io, T.e re2'sa0 to se,- *o',ter 3ro3osa0 to t.e ',io, a,- to bargai, a,ew o, t.e e*o,o4i*
ter4s o2 t.e CBA is ta,ta4o',t to a, ',2air 0abor 3ra*ti*e ',-er Arti*0e 2%$ o2 t.e Labor Co-e
@,-er Arti*0e 2#2 o2 t.e Labor Co-e) bot. 3arties are re6'ire- to 3er2or4 t.eir 4't'a0 ob0igatio,
to 4eet a,- *o,8e,e 3ro43t0( a,- e:3e-itio's0( i, goo- 2ait. 2or t.e 3'r3ose o2 ,egotiati,g a,
agree4e,t T.e ',io, 0i8e- '3 to t.is ob0igatio, w.e, it 3rese,te- 3ro3osa0s 2or a ,ew CBA to
!MC wit.i, ? (ears 2ro4 t.e e22e*ti8it( o2 t.e origi,a0 CBA B't !MC 2ai0e- i, its -'t( ',-er
Arti*0e 2#2 <.at it -i- was to -e8ise a 20i4s( e:*'se) b( 6'estio,i,g t.e e:iste,*e o2 t.e ',io,
a,- t.e stat's o2 its 4e4bers.i3 to 3re8e,t a,( ,egotiatio, It bears stressi,g t.at t.e 3ro*e-'re
i, *o00e*ti8e bargai,i,g 3res*ribe- b( t.e Co-e is 4a,-ator( be*a'se o2 t.e basi* i,terest o2 t.e
state i, e,s'ri,g 0asti,g i,-'stria0 3ea*e
T.e Co'rt o2 A33ea0s 2o',- t.at t.e 0etters betwee, &ebr'ar( to H',e) "LL? b( "? ',io, 4e4bers
sig,i2(i,g t.eir resig,atio, 2ro4 t.e ',io, *0ear0( i,-i*ate- t.at !MC e:erte- 3ress're o, t.e
e430o(ees <e agree wit. t.e Co'rt o2 A33ea0s; *o,*0'sio, t.at t.e i009ti4e- 0etters o2 resig,atio,
2ro4 t.e ',io, 4e4bers i,-i*ate t.at !MC i,ter2ere- wit. t.e rig.t o2 its e430o(ee to se029
orga,iCatio,
@NIONSF @N&AIR LABOR PRACTICEF STRIKESF ILLE!AL DISMISSAL
STAM&ORD MARKETIN! CORP) ET AL VS HOSEPHINE H@LIAN) ET AL
!R No "%#%L6 &ebr'ar( 2%) 200%
&a*ts+ O, No8e4ber 2) "LL%) Moi0o -e 0a Cr'C) 3resi-e,t o2 t.e P.i0i33i,e Agri*'0t'ra0
Co44er*ia0 a,- I,-'stria0 <or5ers; @,io, /PACI<@9T@CP1) se,t a 0etter to Rosario A3a*ib0e)
treas'rer a,- ge,era0 4a,ager o2 Sta42or- Mar5eti,g Cor3oratio,) !SP Ma,'2a*t'ri,g
Cor3oratio,) !iorgio A,to,io Mar5eti,g Cor3oratio,) C0e4e,ti,e Mar5eti,g Cor3oratio, a,-
@0ti4ate Co,*e3t P.i0s) I,* T.e 0etter i,2or4e- .er t.at t.e ra,59a,-92i0e e430o(ees o2 t.e sai-
*o43a,ies .a- 2or4e- t.e A3a*ib0e E,ter3rises E430o(ee;s @,io,9PACI<@9T@CP a,-
-e4a,-e- t.at it be re*og,iCe- A2ter s'*. ,oti*e) t.e 2o00owi,g t.ree *ases arose+
I, t.e &irst Case) Hose3.i,e H'0ia,) 3resi-e,t o2 PACI<@9T@CP) Ha*i,ta Te>a-a a,- He*i,a
B'rabo-) a Boar- Me4ber a,- a 4e4ber o2 t.e sai- ',io,) were -is4isse- T.e( 2i0e- a s'it wit.
t.e Labor Arbiter a00egi,g t.at t.eir e430o(er .a- ,ot 3ai- t.e4 wit. t.eir o8erti4e 3a() .o0i-a(
3a(=3re4i'4s) rest -a( 3re4i'4) "?t. 4o,t. 3a( 2or t.e (ear "LL% sa0aries 2or ser8i*es a*t'a00(
re,-ere-) a,- t.at i00ega0 -e-'*tio, .a- bee, 4a-e wit.o't t.eir *o,se,t 2ro4 t.eir sa0aries 2or a
*as. bo,- Sta42or- a00ege- t.at t.e t.ree were -is4isse- 2or ,ot re3orti,g 2or wor5 w.e,
re6'ire- to -o so a,- 2or ,ot gi8i,g ,oti*e or e:30a,atio, w.e, as5e-
I, t.e Se*o,- Case) PACI<@9T@CP 2i0e-) o, be.a02 o2 #0 e430o(ees a00ege-0( -is4isse- i00ega00(
2or ',io, 4e4bers.i3 b( t.e 3etitio,ers) a *ase 2or ',2air 0abor 3ra*ti*e agai,st !SP w.i*.
-e,ie- s'*. a8er4e,ts !SP *o',tere- t.at t.e BLR -i- ,ot 0ist A3a*ib0e E,ter3rises E430o(ee;s
@,io, as a 0o*a0 *.a3ter o2 PACI<@ or T@CP T.'s) t.e stri5e t.at sai- ',io, orga,iCe- a2ter t.e
!SP re2'se- to ,egotiate wit. t.e4 was i00ega0 a,- t.at t.e( re2'se- to ret'r, to wor5 w.e,
as5e-
T.e T.ir- Case was 2i0e- 2or *0ai4s o2 t.e #0 e430o(ees -is4isse- i, t.e se*o,- *ase Petitio,er
*or3oratio,s) .owe8er) 4ai,tai,e- t.at t.e( .a8e bee, 3a(i,g *o430ai,a,ts t.e wages=sa0aries
4a,-ate- b( 0aw a,- t.at t.e *o430ai,t s.o'0- be -is4isse- i, 8iew o2 t.e e:e*'tio, o2
6'it*0ai4s a,- wai8ers b( t.e 3ri8ate res3o,-e,ts
T.e Labor Arbiter or-ere- t.e t.ree *ases *o,so0i-ate- as t.e iss'es were i,terre0ate- a,- t.e
res3o,-e,t *or3oratio,s were ',-er o,e 4a,age4e,t
&irst Case+ T.e -is4issa0 was i00ega0 a,- Sta42or- was or-ere- to rei,state t.e *o430ai,a,ts as
we00 as 3a( t.e ba*5wages a,- ot.er be,e2its *0ai4e- It was .e0- t.at t.e reassig,4e,t a,-
tra,s2er o2 t.e *o430ai,a,ts were 2or4s o2 i,ter2ere,*e i, t.e 2or4atio, a,- 4e4bers.i3 o2 a
',io,) a, ',2air 0abor 3ra*ti*e Sta42or- a0so 2ai0e- to s'bsta,tiate t.eir *0ai4 t.at t.e sai-
e430o(ees aba,-o,e- t.eir e430o(4e,t It a0so 2ai0e- to 3ro8e t.e ,e*essit( o2 t.e *as. -e3osit
o2 P2)000 a,- 2ai0e- to 2'r,is. writte, ,oti*e o2 -is4issa0 to a,( *o430ai,a,ts &'rt.er) it 2ai0e-
to 3ro8e 3a(4e,ts o2 t.e a4o',ts bei,g *0ai4e-
Se*o,- Case+ T.e stri5e was i00ega0 a,- t.e o22i*ers o2 t.e ',io, .a8e 0ost t.eir e430o(4e,t
stat's) t.'s ter4i,ati,g t.eir e430o(4e,t wit. !SP !SP is .owe8er or-ere- to rei,state t.e
*o430ai,a,ts w.o were 4e4bers o2 t.e ',io, wit.o't ba*5wages) sa8e so4e e430o(ees
s3e*i2ie- It was estab0is.e- t.at t.e ',io, was ,ot registere-) a,- t.'s .a- stage- a, i00ega0
stri5e T.e o22i*ers o2 t.e ',io, s.o'0- be 0iab0e a,- -is4isse-) b't t.e 4e4bers s.o'0- ,ot) as
t.e( a*te- i, goo- 2ait. i, t.e be0ie2 t.at t.eir a*tio,s were wit.i, 0ega0 bo',-s
T.ir- Case+ !SP was or-ere- to 3a( ea*. *o430ai,a,t t.eir *0ai4s) as *o43'te- b( ea*.
i,-i8i-'a0 A00 ot.er *0ai4s were -is4isse- 2or 0a*5 o2 4erit T.e Labor Arbiter 2o',- 3etitio,ers
0iab0e 2or sa0ar( -i22ere,tia0s a,- ot.er 4o,etar( *0ai4s 2or 3etitio,ers; 2ai0're to s'22i*ie,t0(
3ro8e t.at it .a- 3ai- t.e sa4e to *o430ai,a,ts as re6'ire- b( 0aw It was a0so or-ere- to ret'r,
t.e *as. -e3osits o2 t.e *o430ai,a,ts) *iti,g t.e sa4e reaso,s as i, t.e &irst Case
O, a33ea0) t.e NLRC a22ir4e- t.e -e*isio, i, t.e &irst a,- T.ir- Cases) b't set asi-e t.e
>'-g4e,t o2 t.e Se*o,- Case 2or 2'rt.er 3ro*ee-i,gs i, 8iew o2 t.e 2a*t'a0 iss'es i,8o08e-
O, Ma( "%) "LL6) a Petitio, to De*0are t.e Stri5e I00ega0 was 2i0e- w.i*. was -e*i-e- i, 2a8or o2
Sta42or-) '3.o0-i,g t.e -is4issa0 o2 t.e ',io, o22i*ers T.e o22i*ers 4a-e ,o 3rior ,oti*e to
stri5e) ,o 8ote was ta5e, a4o,g ',io, 4e4bers) a,- t.e iss'e i,8o08e- was ,o,9stri5ab0e) a
-e4a,- 2or sa0ar( i,*reases
O, e0e8atio, to t.e a33e00ate *o'rt) it was r'0e- t.at t.e o22i*ers s.o'0- be gi8e, se3aratio, 3a()
a,- t.at Ha*i,a B'rabo- a,- t.e rest o2 t.e 4e4bers s.o'0- be rei,state- wit.o't 0oss o2
se,iorit() 30's ba*5wages It 3ro8i-e- 2or t.e 3a(4e,t o2 t.e ba*5wages -es3ite t.e i00ega0it( o2
t.e stri5e be*a'se t.e -is4issa0s were -o,e 3rior to t.e stri5e S'*. is *o,si-ere- a, ',2air 0abor
3ra*ti*e as t.ere was 0a*5 o2 -'e 3ro*ess a,- 8a0i- *a'se T.'s) t.e -is4isse- e430o(ees were sti00
e,tit0e- to ba*5wages a,- rei,state4e,t) wit. e:*e3tio, to t.e ',io, o22i*ers w.o 4a( be gi8e,
se3aratio, 3a( -'e to strai,e- re0atio,s wit. t.eir e430o(ers
Iss'es+ /"1 <.et.er or ,ot t.e res3o,-e,ts; ',io, o22i*ers a,- 4e4bers were 8a0i-0( a,- 0ega00(
-is4isses 2ro4 e430o(4e,t *o,si-eri,g t.e i00ega0it( o2 t.e stri5e
/21 <.et.er or ,ot t.e res3o,-e,ts; ',io, o22i*ers were e,tit0e- to ba*5wages) se3aratio, 3a(
a,- rei,state4e,t) res3e*ti8e0(
He0-+ /"1 T.e ter4i,atio, o2 t.e ',io, o22i*ers was 0ega0 ',-er Arti*0e 26% o2 t.e Labor Co-e as
t.e stri5e *o,-'*te- was i00ega0 a,- t.at i00ega0 a*ts atte,-e- t.e 4ass a*tio, Ho0-i,g a stri5e is a
rig.t t.at *o'0- be a8ai0e- o2 b( a 0egiti4ate 0abor orga,iCatio,) w.i*. t.e ',io, is ,ot A0so) t.e
4a,-ator( re6'ire4e,ts o2 2o00owi,g t.e 3ro*e-'res i, *o,-'*ti,g a stri5e ',-er 3aragra3. /*1
a,- /21 o2 Arti*0e 26? were ,ot 2o00owe- b( t.e ',io, o22i*ers
Arti*0e 26% 3ro8i-es 2or t.e *o,se6'e,*es o2 a, i00ega0 stri5e) as we00 as t.e -isti,*tio, betwee,
o22i*ers a,- 4e4bers w.o 3arti*i3ate- t.erei, K,owi,g0( 3arti*i3ati,g i, a, i00ega0 stri5e is a
s'22i*ie,t gro',- to ter4i,ate t.e e430o(4e,t o2 a ',io, o22i*er b't 4ere 3arti*i3atio, is ,ot
s'22i*ie,t gro',- 2or ter4i,atio, o2 ',io, 4e4bers T.'s) abse,t *0ear a,- s'bsta,tia0 3roo2)
ra,59a,-92i0e ',io, 4e4bers 4a( ,ot be ter4i,ate- I2 .e is ter4i,ate-) .e is e,tit0e- to
rei,state4e,t
T.e Co'rt a22ir4e- t.e r'0i,g o2 t.e CA o, t.e i00ega0 -is4issa0 o2 t.e ',io, 4e4bers) as t.ere
was ,o,9obser8a,*e o2 -'e 3ro*ess re6'ire4e,ts a,- ',io, b'sti,g b( 4a,age4e,t It a0so
a22ir4e- t.at t.e *.arge o2 aba,-o,4e,t agai,st H'0ia, a,- Te>a-a were wit.o't *re-e,*e It
re8erse- t.e r'0i,g t.at t.e -is4issa0 was ',2air 0abor 3ra*ti*e as t.ere was ,ot.i,g o, re*or- to
s.ow t.at H'0ia, a,- Te>a-a were -is*o'rage- 2ro4 >oi,i,g a,( ',io, T.e -is4issa0 o2 t.e ',io,
o22i*ers 2or 3arti*i3atio, i, a, i00ega0 stri5e was '3.e0- Howe8er) ',io, o22i*ers a0so 4'st be
gi8e, t.e re6'ire- ,oti*es 2or ter4i,ati,g e430o(4e,t) a,- Arti*0e 26% o2 t.e Labor Co-e -oes
,ot a't.oriCe i44e-iate -is4issa0 o2 ',io, o22i*ers 3arti*i3ati,g i, a, i00ega0 stri5e No s'*.
re6'isite ,oti*es were gi8e, to t.e ',io, o22i*ers
T.e Co'rt '3.e0- t.e a33e00ate *o'rt;s r'0i,g t.at t.e ',io, 4e4bers) 2or .a8i,g 3arti*i3ate- i,
t.e stri5e i, goo- 2ait. a,- i, be0ie8i,g t.at t.eir a*tio,s were wit.i, t.e bo',- o2 t.e 0aw 4ea,t
o,0( to se*'re e*o,o4i* be,e2its 2or t.e4se08es) were i00ega00( -is4isse- .e,*e e,tit0e- to
rei,state4e,t a,- ba*5wages
/21 T.e S'3re4e Co'rt -e*0are- t.e -is4issa0 o2 t.e ',io, o22i*ers as 8a0i- .e,*e) t.e awar- o2
se3aratio, 3a( was -e0ete- Howe8er) as sa,*tio, 2or ,o,9*o430ia,*e wit. t.e ,oti*e
re6'ire4e,ts 2or a 0aw2'0 ter4i,atio,) ba*5wages were awar-e- to t.e ',io, o22i*ers *o43'te-
2ro4 t.e ti4e t.e( were -is4isse- ',ti0 t.e 2i,a0 e,tr( o2 t.e >'-g4e,t
H@RISDICTION O& THE LABOR ARBITERS AND THE NLRC
EVELAN TOLOSA VS NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION
!R No "%L#I$ A3ri0 "0) 200?
&a*ts+ Ca3tai, Virgi0io To0osa was 4aster o2 t.e 8esse0 M=V Do,,a ow,e- b( G'a,a9Kai',) a,-
was .ire- t.ro'g. its 4a,,i,g age,t) Asia B'05 Tra,s3ort P.i0s) I,* /Asia B'051 D'ri,g
*.a,,e0i,g a*ti8ities '3o, t.e 8esse0;s -e3art're 2ro4 Ao5o.a4a o, No8e4ber 6) "LL2) Ca3t
To0osa was -re,*.e- wit. rai,water S'bse6'e,t0() .e *o,tra*te- 2e8er o, No8e4ber "" w.i*.
was 0ater o, a**o43a,ie- b( 0oose bowe0 4o8e4e,t 2or t.e s'**ee-i,g "2 -a(s His *o,-itio, was
re3orte- to Asia B'05 a,- t.e @S Coast !'ar- Hea-6'arters i, Hawaii o, No8e4ber "#
Howe8er) be2ore .e *o'0- be e8a*'ate-) .e -ie- o, No8e4ber "$) "LL2
E8e0(, To0osa) t.e wi-ow) 2i0e- a *o430ai,t be2ore t.e POEA 2or -a4ages agai,st Pe-ro !arate)
C.ie2 Mate o2 t.e 8esse0) Mario Asis) Se*o,- Mate) Asia B'05 a,- G'a,a9Kai', T.e *ase was
tra,s2erre- to t.e NLRC T.e Labor Arbiter r'0e- i, 2a8or o2 t.e wi-ow) awar-i,g a*t'a0 -a4ages
30's 0ega0 i,terest) as we00 as 4ora0 a,- e:e430ar( -a4ages a,- attor,e(;s 2ees O, a33ea0 to t.e
NLRC) t.e -e*isio, o2 t.e Labor Arbiter was 8a*ate- a,- t.e *o430ai,t was -is4isse- 2or 0a*5 o2
>'ris-i*tio, o8er t.e s'b>e*t 4atter o2 t.e a*tio, 3'rs'a,t to t.e 3ro8isio,s o2 t.e Labor Co-e) as
a4e,-e- S'stai,i,g t.e NLRC) t.e CA r'0e- t.at t.e 0abor *o44issio, .a- ,o >'ris-i*tio, o8er
t.e s'b>e*t 4atter o2 t.e a*tio, 2i0e- b( 3etitio,er Her *a'se -i- ,ot arise 2ro4 a, e430o(er9
e430o(ee re0atio,) b't 2ro4 a 6'asi9-e0i*t or tort @,-er Arti*0e 2"I /a1/%1 o2 t.e Labor Co-e
w.i*. a00ows a, awar- o2 -a4ages i,*i-e,t to a, e430o(er9e430o(ee re0atio,) t.e -a4ages
awar-e- were ,ot 3ro3er as s.e is ,ot a, e430o(ee) b't 4ere0( t.e wi2e o2 a, e430o(ee
Iss'es+ /"1 <.et.er or ,ot t.e Labor Arbiter a,- t.e NLRC .a- >'ris-i*tio, o8er 3etitio,er;s
a*tio,
/21 <.et.er or ,ot t.e 4o,etar( awar- gra,te- b( t.e Labor arbiter .as a0rea-( rea*.e- 2i,a0it(
He0-+ /"1 T.e Co'rt a22ir4e- t.at t.e *0ai4 2or -a4ages was 2i0e- ,ot 2or *0ai4i,g -a4ages ',-er
t.e Labor Co-e b't ',-er t.e Ci8i0 Co-e T.e Co'rt was *o,8i,*e- t.at t.e a00egatio,s were base-
o, a 6'asi9-e0i*t or tort A0so) s.e .a- *0ai4e- 2or a*t'a0 -a4ages 2or 0oss o2 ear,i,g *a3a*it(
base- o, a 0i2e e:3e*ta,*( o2 6# (ears) w.i*. is *og,iCab0e ',-er t.e Ci8i0 Co-e a,- *a, be
re*o8ere- i, a, a*tio, base- o, a 6'asi9-e0i*t T.o'g. -a4ages ',-er a 6'asi9-e0i*t 4a( be
re*o8erab0e ',-er t.e >'ris-i*tio, o2 0abor arbiters a,- t.e NLRC) t.e re0ie2 4'st be base- o, a,
a*tio, t.at .as reaso,ab0e *as'a0 *o,,e*tio, wit. t.e Labor Co-e) 0abor stat'tes or CBA;s It 4'st
be ,ote- t.at a wor5er;s 0oss o2 ear,i,g *a3a*it( a,- ba*50isti,g are ,ot to be e6'ate- wit. wages)
o8erti4e *o43e,satio, or se3aratio, 3a() a,- ot.er 0abor be,e2its t.at are ge,era00( *og,iCe- i,
0abor -is3'tes T.e 0oss o2 ear,i,g *a3a*it( is a re0ie2 or *0ai4 res'0ti,g 2ro4 a 6'asi9-e0i*t or a
si4i0ar *a'se wit.i, t.e rea04 o2 Ci8i0 Law I, t.e 3rese,t *ase) E8e0(, To0osa;s *0ai4 2or
-a4ages is ,ot re0ate- to a,( ot.er *0ai4 ',-er Arti*0e 2"I) ot.er 0abor stat'tes) or CBA;s S.e
*a,,ot a,*.or .er *0ai4 2or -a4ages to Arti*0e "6" o2 t.e Labor Co-e) w.i*. -oes ,ot gra,t or
s3e*i2( a *0ai4 or re0ie2 T.is 3ro8isio, is o,0( a sa2et( a,- .ea0t. sta,-ar- ',-er Boo5 IV o2 t.e
sa4e Co-e T.e e,2or*e4e,t o2 t.is 0abor sta,-ar- rests wit. t.e 0abor se*retar( It is ,ot t.e
NLRC b't t.e reg'0ar *o'rts t.at .a8e >'ris-i*tio, o8er a*tio, 2or -a4ages) i, w.i*. t.e
e430o(er9e430o(ee re0atio, is 4ere0( i,*i-e,ta0) a,- i, w.i*. t.e *a'se o2 a*tio, 3ro*ee-s 2ro4
a -i22ere,t so'r*e o2 ob0igatio, s'*. as a tort
/21 O, t.e 2i,a0it( o2 t.e awar-) t.e Co'rt r'0e- t.at iss'es ,ot raise- i, t.e *o'rt be0ow *a,,ot be
raise- 2or t.e 2irst ti4e o, a33ea0 T.'s) t.e iss'e bei,g ,ot bro'g.t to t.e atte,tio, o2 t.e Co'rt
o2 A33ea0s 2irst) t.is *a,,ot be *o,si-ere- b( t.e S'3re4e Co'rt It wo'0- be ta,ta4o',t to
-e,ia0 o2 t.e rig.t to -'e 3ro*ess agai,st t.e res3o,-e,ts to -o so
ABANDONMENT O& <ORKF REG@ISITES
SAM@EL SAMARCA VS ARC9MEN IND@STRIES) INC
!R No "%6""$ Se3te4ber 2L) 200?
&a*ts+ Sa4'e0 Sa4ar*a was e430o(e- as a 0aborer b( Ar*9Me, I,-'stries) I,* O, Se3te4ber 26)
"LL?) 3etitio,er 2i0e- a, a330i*atio, 2or a, e4erge,*( 0ea8e o2 abse,*e o, a**o',t o2 .is so,;s
.os3ita0iCatio, @3o, .is ret'r, 2or wor5) 3etitio,er was i44e-iate0( ser8e- wit. a ,oti*e o2
res3o,-e,t;s or-er s's3e,-i,g .i4 2or ?0 -a(s &ee0i,g aggrie8e-) 3etitio,er 2i0e- a *o430ai,t 2or
i00ega0 s's3e,sio, agai,st res3o,-e,t a,- its ow,er D'ri,g t.e 3e,-e,*( o2 t.e *o430ai,t)
3etitio,er;s ?09-a( s's3e,sio, e,-e- Co,se6'e,t0() res3o,-e,t) i, a 0etter) -ire*te- 3etitio,er to
re3ort 2or wor5 i44e-iate0( Howe8er) .e re2'se-) 3ro43ti,g res3o,-e,t to se,- .i4 a Noti*e to
Ter4i,ate) -ire*ti,g .i4 to s'b4it) wit.i, # -a(s) a writte, e:30a,atio, w.( .e s.o'0- ,ot be
-is4isse- 2ro4 t.e ser8i*e 2or aba,-o,4e,t o2 wor5 &or .is 3art) 3etitio,er s'b4itte- a 0etter9
re30( e:30ai,i,g t.at be*a'se o2 t.e 3e,-e,*( o2 .is *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0 s's3e,sio, wit. t.e
Labor arbiter) .e *o'0- ,ot re3ort 2or wor5 Res3o,-e,t) 2i,-i,g t.e 3etitio,er;s writte,
e:30a,atio, i,s'22i*ie,t) -e*i-e- to ter4i,ate .is ser8i*es 8ia a Noti*e o2 Ter4i,atio,
Co,se6'e,t0() 3etitio,er 2i0e- a, a4e,-e- *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0 -is4issa0
Iss'e+ <.et.er or ,ot 3etitio,er aba,-o,e- .is wor5
He0-+ To *o,stit'te aba,-o,4e,t) two e0e4e,ts 4'st *o,*'r+ /"1 T.e 2ai0're to re3ort 2or wor5 or
abse,*e wit.o't 8a0i- or >'sti2iab0e reaso,) a,- /21 a *0ear i,te,tio, to se8er t.e e430o(er9
e430o(ee re0atio,s.i3 4a,i2este- b( so4e o8ert a*ts Mere abse,*e is ,ot s'22i*ie,t It is t.e
e430o(er w.o .as t.e b'r-e, o2 3roo2 to s.ow a -e0iberate a,- >'sti2ie- re2'sa0 o2 t.e e430o(ee
to res'4e .is e430o(4e,t wit.o't a,( i,te,tio, o2 ret'r,i,g
T.e abo8e twi, esse,tia0 re6'ire4e,ts 2or aba,-o,4e,t to e:ist are ,ot 3rese,t i, t.e *ase at
bar Petitio,er;s abse,*e is ,ot wit.o't a >'sti2iab0e reaso, It 4'st be re*a00e- t.at '3o, re*ei3t
o2 t.e Noti*e to Ter4i,ate b( reaso, o2 aba,-o,4e,t) 3etitio,er se,t res3o,-e,t a 0etter
e:30ai,i,g t.at .e *o'0- ,ot go ba*5 to wor5 be*a'se o2 t.e 3e,-e,*( o2 .is *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0
s's3e,sio, A,- i44e-iate0( a2ter .e was -is4isse- 2or aba,-o,4e,t o2 wor5) .e 0ost ,o ti4e to
a4e,- .is *o430ai,t to i00ega0 -is4issa0 T.is a0o,e ,egates a,( i,te,tio, o, .is 3art to 2orsa5e
.is wor5 It is a sett0e- -o*tri,e t.at t.e 2i0i,g o2 a *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0 -is4issa0 is i,*o,siste,t
wit. t.e *.arge o2 aba,-o,4e,t) 2or a, e430o(ee w.o ta5es ste3s to 3rotest .is -is4issa0 *a,,ot
b( 0ogi* be sai- to .a8e aba,-o,e- .is wor5
ABANDONMENT O& <ORKF PROCED@RE &OR TERMINATIN! AN EMPLOAEEF ILLE!AL
DISMISSAL
A!ABON VS NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION
!R No "#$6L? No8e4ber "I) 200%
&a*ts+ Pri8ate res3o,-e,t Ri8iera Ho4e I43ro8e4e,ts) I,* is e,gage- i, t.e b'si,ess o2 se00i,g
a,- i,sta00i,g or,a4e,ta0 a,- *o,str'*tio, 4ateria0s It e430o(e- 3etitio,er Virgi0io Agabo, a,-
He,,( Agabo, as g(3s'4 boar- a,- *or,i*e i,sta00ers o, Ha,'ar( 2) "LL2 ',ti0 &ebr'ar( 2?) "LLL
w.e, t.e( were -is4isse- 2or aba,-o,4e,t o2 wor5 Petitio,ers t.e, 2i0e- a *o430ai,t 2or i00ega0
-is4issa0 T.e Labor Arbiter re,-ere- a -e*isio, -e*0ari,g t.e -is4issa0 i00ega0 O, a33ea0) t.e
NLRC re8erse- t.e -e*isio, be*a'se it 2o',- t.at t.e 3etitio,ers .a- aba,-o,e- t.eir wor5 a,-
were ,ot e,tit0e- to ba*5wages a,- se3aratio, 3a( T.e Co'rt o2 A33ea0s i, t'r, r'0e- t.at t.e
-is4issa0 o2 t.e 3etitio,ers was ,ot i00ega0 be*a'se t.e( .a- aba,-o,e- t.eir e430o(4e,t
Iss'e+ <.et.er or ,ot 3etitio,ers were i00ega00( -is4isse-
He0-+ T.e -is4issa0 s.o'0- be '3.e0- be*a'se it was estab0is.e- t.at t.e 3etitio,ers aba,-o,e-
t.eir >obs to wor5 2or a,ot.er *o43a,( Pri8ate res3o,-e,t) .owe8er) -i- ,ot 2o00ow t.e ,oti*e
re6'ire4e,ts a,- i,stea- arg'e- t.at se,-i,g ,oti*es to t.e 0ast 5,ow, a--resses wo'0- .a8e
bee, 'se0ess be*a'se t.e( -i- ,ot resi-e t.ere a,(4ore @,2ort',ate0( 2or t.e 3ri8ate res3o,-e,t)
t.is is ,ot a 8a0i- e:*'se be*a'se t.e 0aw 4a,-ates t.e twi, ,oti*e re6'ire4e,ts to t.e
e430o(ee;s 0ast 5,ow, a--ress T.'s) it s.o'0- be .e0- 0iab0e 2or ,o,9*o430ia,*e wit. t.e
3ro*e-'ra0 re6'ire4e,ts o2 -'e 3ro*ess
<.e, t.e -is4issa0 is 2or a >'st *a'se) t.e 0a*5 o2 stat'tor( -'e 3ro*ess s.o'0- ,ot ,'00i2( t.e
-is4issa0) or re,-er it i00ega0) or i,e22e*t'a0 Howe8er) t.e e430o(er s.o'0- i,-e4,i2( t.e
e430o(ee 2or t.e 8io0atio, o2 .is stat'tor( rig.ts