Chat.

Ill,
JOINERY.
661
n
of the knuckle of the hiiifce
is exactly opposite to the
perpendicular part of the
rebate. The dotted lines ex-
hibit the flap when folded
back.
2160. When the axis of
p. ..^
the knuckle cannot be dis-
posi'd so as to fall opposite to the joint, the hinge is to bo placed as shown in
Jig.
Thus, ah being the distance of the edge of the flap from that
of the shutter, bisect it in c, which will be the point opposite
whereto the centre of the hinge is to be placed. This ar-
rangement is necessary, both when the shutters are not
square at the ends, and when the boxing is restricted in
space ;
the principle being to place the centre of the knuckle
of the hinge at half the distance of the edge of the flap from
the rebate on the edge of the shutter. In
fig.
772. the
two parts are shown hinged together.
2161. When a door has attached to it any projection, and,
when open, it is requisite to bring it parallel to its place
when shut, the knuckle of the hinge
{fig.
ll?!.) must project
at least as far as the projection in <|uestion. An inspection
of the diagram, wherein the dotted lines show the situation
of the door when folded back, will sufficiently convey the
mode of conducting this expedient.
21 62. Fig. 774. is the representation of what is called a (
rule joint, which is used when the piece to be hung is not
required to open to more than a right angle. In this case,
the centre of the hinge is necessarily in the centre of the arc.
In
fig.
115. the expedient shows the method turned to a
right angle.
2 1 6S. The various methods
of hingeing to suit every pos-
sible case would occupy a very
lartre siiace, were we to enter
^
-
^~ _i-^i-
i
into them ; and even atter
exhausting all the cases that we may have imagined, others would
arise to wliich no example given might be applicable
;
we there-
fore leave this portion of the subject of joinery, under an impres-
sion that the principles have been sufficiently developed to enable
the student to pursue from them the application to any case that
he may be called upon to put in practice.
Fig. 773.
SASH-FKAMES AND SASHES.
2164. In
fig.
760. the connection between the shutters and sasli-frame has been fully
explained ; we may now, therefore, proceed to the detail of a common sash-frame with
its sashes, supposing them to be hung so as to be balanced by weights, suspended by sash-
lines running over pulleys, capable of balancing those of the sashes themselves. On the
case of French sashes, which open like doors, we do not think it necessary to dilate.
Theg are, in fact, nothing more than glazed doors; and the principal object for attainment
in their construction, is to prevent the rain from penetrating into the apartments tiiey
serve, as well where tliey meet in the middle as at their sills, which is a subject requiring
much care and attention.
2165. In
fig.
776. is shown the construction of a sash-frame, and the method of putting
together the several parts, wherein II is the elevation of the frame, of which A BCD is the
outer edge. The thinner lines at EF, GH, FG, are grooves whose distances from the edges
of the sash-frame LIM and KI are equal to the depth of the boxing, together with three-
eighths of an inch more that is allowed for margin between the face of the shutter, when, in
the boxing, and the edges iML and KI of the sash-frame next to the bead. S is a horizon-
tal section of the sides, whereon is shown also the plan of the sill. T is a vertical section of
the sill and top, in which is shown the elevation of the pully style m and n, and the pullies let
into the pully piece. U is the horizontal section of the sides, showing also a plan of the
\iead of the sash-frame. V the elevation of the outer side of the sash-frame
; the outside
lining being removed for the purpose of showing the work within the sash-frame. In this
fg
is the parting strip fastened by a pin ; ed one of the weights connected to the sash by
means of a line going over the pulley c, the other end being fixed to the edge of the sash.