Pagc 1 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01

THEORY OF RATING
CONTENT5
Density and Density ratio 2
Volume in Cubic Feet per Minute 3
Velocity 3
Velocity Pressure 4
Static Pressure 4
Total Pressure 4-5
Pressure per Blade and Revolutions per Minute 5
Number of Blades 5
Pitch 6
Pitch Limitatons 6
Deflection 6
Horsepower and Efficiency 6-7
Fan Performance Definitions and Formulas 8-9
Fan Law Summary 10
8OO S. MISSURI AVLNUL MARCLLINL, MISSURI 64658-16O2
IHNL (66O) 376-3575 IAX (66O) 376-29O9 L-MAIL INIMRLIANS.CM
Pagc 2 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01
DEN5ITY AND DEN5ITY RATIO
In order lo seIecl a fan for a given perfornance, il is firsl necessary
lo Inov lhe densily ralio of lhe air or olher gas leing handIed~
lhal is, lhe ralio of lhe acluaI densily lo lhe densily of slandard
air.
Slandard air is air al a laronelric pressure of 29.92" Hg. This
is lhe pressure of dry, 7O I air al sea IeveI. Slandard air has a den-
sily of .O75 Il/fl
3
. Therefore,
Densily Ralio = Densily of air leing handIed/.O75
vhere densily is in pounds per culic fool. Densily as used in sone
fornuIas on lhe foIIoving sheels nusl le expressed in sIugs per
culic fool and is ollained ly dividing lhe pounds per culic fool ly
lhe acceIeralion of gravily (32.2 feel per second per second). Den-
sily in sIugs per culic fool for slandard air is approxinaleIy O.OO232.
Do nol confuse Densily Ralio vilh Densily.
Air densily is delernined ly severaI faclors, vhich are dis-
cussed leIov.
E!cvatInn
Increasing eIevalion viII decrease air densily lo lhe exlenl lhal
al an aIlilude of 18,OOO feel, lhe veighl per culic fool of air is jusl
one haIf lhal of lhe veighl of a culic fool of air al sea IeveI under
lhe sane condilions. By lhe sane loIen, a given nunler of pounds
of air vouId le doulIed in voIune.
BarnmctrIc Prcssurc
The densily of air al a given eIevalion is, of course, suljecl lo
varialions in laronelric pressure vhich vary vilh densily. This ef-
fecl is usuaIIy ignored in fan seIeclion and lhe nornaI, or slandard,
laronelric pressure is assuned. Accurale laronelric pressure read-
ings shouId, of course, le used in fan and lIover lesling.
Tcmpcraturc
The densily of air viII vary vilh changes in lenperalure. Slan-
dard air assunes a 7O I lenperalure under sea IeveI condilions.
Increasing or decreasing lhe lenperalure viII resuIl in a correspond-
ing decrease or increase in densily. Air al a lenperalure of 6OO I
has a densily of one haIf lhal of slandard air. Tenperalure used in
fan seIeclion nusl, in aII cases, le lhe lenperalure of lhe air leing
handIed ly lhe fan.
Rc!atIvc HumIdIty
The reIalive hunidily or noislure conlenl of lhe air leing
handIed has an effecl upon lhe densily. This effecl, hovever, is so
snaII al lenperalures leIov 1OO I lhal ils effecl upon densily ra-
lio nay le enlireIy disregarded.
Thcnry nf RatIng
Definitions
and
Formulas
Denslt
Ratlo
= The ratio of the density of the
air at the fan to the density of dry
air at sea level (29.92Hg)
e
-3.7x10
-5
A
x 530
Where:
A = E|etatlon ln ft
T = Temerature ln |
=
T + 460

Pagc 3 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01

5upp!y nr Exhaust UnIts
A connon inquiry is lhal of lhe difference in perfornance lelveen a
fan lIoving inlo a syslen in vhich slalic pressure is presenl (e.g. a forced
drafl appIicalion) and a fan exhausling fron such a syslen (e.g. an in-
duced drafl appIicalion). Il is lrue lhal air is lhinned lo a Iover densily
vhen leing dravn inlo lhe fan and conpressed lo a higher densily vhen
leing pushed ly lhe fan. This difference is negIigilIe in fan perfornance
up lo severaI inches of valer. Alnospheric pressure ilseIf is in lhe neigh-
lorhood of 4OO inches of valer pressure, so lhal a four-inch slalic pres-
sure, pIus or ninus, vouId resuIl in a change of onIy 1 in lhe densily,
vhich is negIigilIe.
VOLUME IN CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE
In delernining lhe voIune of air lhe lIover is lo handIe, lhe densily of
lhe air nusl again le laIen inlo consideralion. Mosl charls and lalIes for
fan seIeclion are lased on slandard air of 7O I al sea IeveI.
If lhe fan is lo handIe a given nunler of pounds of air or a given CIM
of slandard air (SCIM) under condilions olher lhan 7O and sea IeveI, il is
necessary firsl lo delernine lhe acluaI CIM (ACIM) lo le handIed ly lhe
fan a| lhe fan. Ior exanpIe, a fan nay le draving air lhrough a radialor or
finned lule seclion. So nany pounds or so nany culic feel of slandard air
are required lo pass lhrough lhe seclion. In passing lhrough lhe seclion,
hovever, lhe air viII laIe on heal, increasing lhe CIM vhich nusl le
handIed ly lhe fan. The reverse vouId le lrue if lhe fan vere draving air
lhrough a refrigeralor coiI. In any evenl, lhe voIune lhe fan ilseIf is han-
dIing nusl le delernined. If CIMis given in slandard air, il nusl le di-
vided ly lhe densily ralio al lhe fan lo delernine lhe acluaI CIM leing
handIed ly lhe fan.
Inquiries and orders shouId aIvays cIearIy slale vhelher lhe voIune
required is given in lerns of slandard air or in air al lhe densily leing
handIed ly lhe fan. To le specific, lhe proper lern for slandard air voI-
une (SCIM) or acluaI voIune (ACIM) shouId le used. In lhe foIIoving
lexl, lhe lern CIM, or culic feel per ninule, shouId, in aII cases, le con-
slrued as lhe acluaI culic feel per ninule leing handIed ly lhe fan.
VELOCITY
VeIocily, as discussed in l:he foIIoving pages, is defined as lhe average
veIocily of lhe air noving in an axiaI direclion lhrough lhe nel area of lhe
lIover. The fan rings or lhroals in vhich lhe vheeIs operale nusl, of course,
le sIighlIy Iarger lhan lhe vheeIs in order lo provide lip cIearance. This
cIearance nay vary fron 1/4" on lhe dianeler on snaII unils lo 1-1/4" on
Iarge unils. Il is lhis ring or lhroal dianeler lhal is considered in conpul-
ing lhe nel area of lhe lIover.
VeIocily = A C I M / (Throal Area - Hul Area)
VeIocilies are given in feel per ninule (IIM).
As slaled lefore, lhe veIocily considered is lhal of air noving in an
axiaI direclion. If lhe air does nol Ieave lhe fan axiaIIy, as in lhe case of aII
fan vheeIs vilhoul guide vanes, lhe lern veIocily viII nean lhe axiaI
conponenl of lhe lrue veIocily. (The difference lelveen lhe squares of lhe
axiaI conponenl and lhe lolaI veIocily represenl vasled pover. See De-
fIeclion on Iage 6.)
Vn!umc
(SC|M) = mass f|ou rate of alr
through fan ln
standardcublc feet
er mlnute.
(AC|M) = to|ume f|ou rate of
alr through fan ln
actua| cublc feet er
mlnute.
Vc!ncIty
V = Axla| alr te|oclt through
fan ln feet er mlnute.
1.27(ACFM)
D
R
2
- [S/12]
2
V =
Where:
D
R
= Dlamter of fan rlng, ln
feet.
S = Serles of fan = nomlna| alr
sea| (the aerodnamlc
hub") dlameter ln lnches
Q
V
(ACFM) = (SCFM)

Pagc 4 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01
Il shouId le noled lhal in sone conpulalions, veIocily nusl le ex-
pressed in feel per second.
If lhe unil lo le raled is equipped vilh one or nore diffusers
on lhe discharge side of lhe vheeI, lhe veIocily used in ollaining
pilch shouId le lhal of lhe air lhrough lhe lIover. Hovever, lhe
veIocily pressure lo le used in delernining horsepover require-
nenls shouId le lhe veIocily al lhe discharge of lhe Iasl diffuser,
correcled for diffuser Iosses.
VELOCITY PRE55URE
VeIocily pressure, as il perlains lo fans, is lhe inpacl pressure of a
noving air slrean reIalive lo a fixed oljecl. Il is necessary, of course,
lhal vorI le done ly lhe fan lo acceIerale lhe air lo lhe veIocily
required in order lo pass a given voIune of air in a given line.
VeIocily pressure, unIess olhervise slipuIaled, refers lo lhe discharge
veIocily pressure fron lhe fan or, vhen diffuser seclions are used,
fron lhe Iasl diffuser seclion.
Lxcepl in lhe case of circuIaling fans, veIocily pressure is vasled,
since lhe pover exerled in lringing lhe air lo lhe veIocily of dis-
charge serves no usefuI purpose, lhe veIocily leing dissipaled inlo
lhe free air surrounding lhe discharge zone.
VeIocily pressure nay le neasured ly a Iilol slalic lule or, if
lhe veIocily is Inovn, nay le caIcuIaled ly fornuIa. Iron lhe for-
nuIa, il viII le noled lhal veIocily pressure increases as lhe square
of lhe veIocily and rises quile rapidIy al veIocilies alove 2OOO feel
per ninule. Il viII le noled aIso lhal veIocily pressure increases in
direcl proporlion lo lhe densily ralio.
In lhe evenl lhal diffuser seclions are lo le inslaIIed on lhe fan,
lhe veIocily pressure used in raling shouId le lhal of lhe discharge
of lhe Iasl diffuser seclion, vilh a 1O addilion for diffuser Iosses.
This veIocily nay le caIcuIaled ly dividing lhe CIM ly lhe area of
lhe diffuser and lhe veIocily pressure for lhal veIocily caIcuIaled.
5TATIC PRE55URE
Slalic pressure, as lhe nane inpIies, is lhe fixed resislance againsl
vhich a given voIune of air nusl le deIivered. Il nay le consid-
ered lhe sane as lhe pressure head againsl vhich aII punping equip-
nenl is raled. Ior inslance, a punp nay le seIecled lo raise valer
lo a cerlain eIevalion. In addilion lo lhe head inposed ly lhe eIeva-
lion, lhere is aIvays a cerlain anounl of friclion head vhich aIso
nusl le considered in arriving al lhe slalic pressure vhich lhe punp
nusl exerl. The veIocily of lhe Iiquid fIoving fron lhe discharge of
lhe pipe is negIecled.
In lhe case of a fan, slalic pressure nay le lhal offered ly pass-
ing a given voIune of air lhrough a fiIler, a radialor seclion, a run of
ducl vorI, a nine shafl, or olher reslriclions in lhe air slrean. Il
nay le eilher negalive (leIov alnospheric pressure) as in lhe case
of a fan draving air lhrough a resislance, or posilive as in lhe case
of a fan pushing air lhrough a resislance.
Vc!ncIty
Prcssurc
P
t
= The lmact ressure of
the motlng alr stream
re|atlte to a flxed ob]ect,
ln lnches of H
2
O
5tatIc
Prcssurc
P
s
= The flxed reslstance
agalnst uhlch a glten
to|ume of alr must be de-
|ltered, measured ln
lnches of H
2
O
Tnta!
Prcssurc
P
t
= The entlre ressure
agalnst uhlch the fan
must oerate ln lnches of
H
2
O
P
t
= e P
t
+ P
s
Where: e=ln|et factor (usua||
1). See ln|et condltlons" ln
Sectlon 4 Sstem Deslgn
P
t
= 6.2 x 10
-8
V
2
I
V
I
S
I
T
Pagc 5 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01
TOTAL PRE55URE
TolaI pressure is lhe enlire pressure againsl vhich lhe fan nusl oper-
ale and is caIcuIaled ly adding lhe veIocily pressure lo lhe slalic pres-
sure. TolaI pressure delernines lhe anounl of lIade surface or nun-
ler of lIades in lhe fan. In conjunclion vilh lhe CIM and efficiency, il
delernines lhe anounl of horsepover required. TolaI pressure, nuIli-
pIied ly lhe area of lhe fan, incIuding lhe hul, delernines lhe lhrusl of
lhe air upon lhe vheeI and, vhen lhe veighl of lhe fan is added, de-
lernines lhe lhrusl Ioad on lhe fan shafl learing.
PRE55URE PER BLADE AND REVOLUTION5 PER MINUTE
Iressure per lIade is lhe lern seIecled lo denole lhe lolaI pressure vhich
one lIade of a given series of fan viII exerl on lhe air leing handIed (or
viII conlrilule lovard lolaI pressure) vhen rolaled a given nunler of
revoIulions per ninule (RIM). This figure is reIaliveIy independenl of
lhe fan pilch and is nol onIy lheorelicaIIy accurale lul aIso has leen
sulslanlialed ly acluaI lesl. Ior exanpIe, if one lIade al a given RIM
viII exerl a pressure of O.1 inch, lhree lIades under siniIar condilions
viII exerl a pressure of O.3 inches, and so on, unliI cerlain Iinils are
reached. Iressure per lIade varies in proporlion lo lhe square of lhe
speed and direclIy as lhe densily ralio.
The lern pressure per lIade indicales lhe pressure one lIade
viII exerl over lhe enlire lIover area and is nol indicalive of lhe pres-
sure on lhe lIade ilseIf. Iressures per lIade ly lhe fornuIa given here
appIy onIy lo Moore CIass 5OOO fans and are nol appIicalIe lo unils of
olher design.
NUMBER OF BLADE5
The naxinun nunler of lIades lhal can le inslaIIed on lhe various
series of Moore fans is shovn in lhe lalIe al righl. This naxinun is
delernined ly lolh aerodynanic and physicaI consideralions. Iron
lhe slandpoinl of aerodynanic design, lIades nusl le spaced ly a
sufficienl dislance so lhal each lIade viII have enough air lo alsorl
lhe lIade's polenliaI pressure capaliIily. If lIades are inslaIIed loo cIose
lo one anolher, lhe air lelveen lhen is insufficienl lo deveIop lhis
polenliaI. This condilion, of course, occurs firsl al lhe hul vhere lhe
lIades are in lhe cIosesl proxinily.
In fans of fairIy Iarge dianeler vilh respecl lo lhe hul dianeler
(D/d), addilionaI lIades nay le inslaIIed lo deveIop a higher lolaI
pressure polenliaI, aIlhough al sone sacrifice near lhe hul, due lo lhe
facl lhal lhe dislance lelveen lIades increases as ve nove farlher oul
fron lhe hul. IhysicaI condilions nay, hovever, Iinil lhe nunler of
lIades possilIe.
In unils vilh slully lIades-lhal is, for fan vheeIs having a ralio
of fan dianeler lo hul dianeler (D/d) of Iess lhan 2.25~addilionaI
lIades nay le required. The correclion faclor lo lhe nunler of lIades
is shovn.
The lheorelicaI nunler of lIades (Nl), usuaIIy a fraclionaI nun-
ler, is used in delernining defIeclion. The nexl Iarger inlegraI nunler
of lIades viII acluaIIy le used on lhe unil.
Pressure
Per
B|ade
Vc!ncIty
Prcssurc
N
t
= The theoretlca| (frac-
tlona|) number of b|ades
requlred
The tota| ressure that one
b|ade of a glten fan ul||
roduce at a glten RPM
D/d = The ratlo of the fan dlam-
eter to the aerodnamlc hub
(alr sea|) dlameter
M= 1 uhere D/d > 2.25
M=2.05 -(1/2 D/d) uhere D/d
<=2.25
M=1 uhere 2.05 - (1/2 D/d) <1
N
I
B
P
b
= 3.80 x 10
-8
S (RPM)
2
N
t
= MP
t
P
b
N
MAX
= The maxlmum number
of b|ades that can be
lnsta||ed on a glten
serles of fan
Manually
Adjustable Fan
Automatic
Fans
19 4 19 n.a.
27 6 27 n.a.
33 7 33 6
40 8 40 8
49 10 49 10
60 12 60 12
73 15 73 12
Pagc 6 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01
PITCH
The pilch of a fan is defined as lhe advance of lhe air slrean, in an
axiaI direclion, per revoIulion of lhe fan vheeI. In a properIy de-
signed fan, air al lhe lips of lhe lIades as veII as air al lhe hul viII
lheorelicaIIy advance a given dislance for each revoIulion of lhe
vheeI. In order lo sinpIify caIcuIalions, pilch is hereafler referred
lo in hul dianelers per revoIulion, ralher lhan feel. As aII slandard
series of Moore fans are aerodynanicaIIy scaIed, lhe pilch, vhen
given in hul dianelers, is a dinensionIess figure appIicalIe lo aII
series of Moore unils vilh siniIar lIade shape.
PITCH LIMITATION5
Ians viII operale al naxinun efficiency al lheir design pilch. Ior
Moore fans, il is highIy desiralIe lo Ieep lhe operaling pilch le-
lveen 1-1/2 and 2-1/2 hul dianelers and essenliaI lhal il le Iepl
lelveen 1 and 3 hul dianelers.
DEFLECTION
DefIeclion of lhe air slrean-lhal is, lhe rolalion of lhe discharge due
lo lhe air of necessily rolaling in lhe direclion of lhe vheeI ~ is
presenl in aII fans. This defIeclion, or rolalion, nay le counleracled
ly guide vanes Iocaled ahead of or foIIoving lhe vheeI. DefIeclion
al lhe hul lecones a Iiniling faclor in fan perfornance lecause
fIov viII lreaI dovn conpIeleIy vhen lhe defIeclion al lhe hul
exceeds a cerlain angIe. DefIeclion al lhe hul nay le caIcuIaled as
shovn vhen pilch and lhe nunler of lIades required are Inovn.
HOR5EPOWER AND EFFICIENCY
In lhe foIIoving discussion, horsepover is divided inlo lhree cal-
egories. Cerlain reIalionships, hovever, nay le considered lo le
lrue for aII lypes of horsepover considered:
1. Horsepover of a given fan in a given inslaIIalion, vilh increase
or decrease in RIM, viII vary approxinaleIy as lhe cule of lhe RIM.
This is easiIy expIained ly lhe foIIoving:
(a) The slalic pressure viII increase as lhe square of lhe CIM.
(l) The veIocily pressure viII increase as lhe square of lhe CIM.
(c) Since lhe veIocily pressure and slalic pressure are addilive,
lhe lolaI pressure increases as lhe square of lhe RIM.
(d) The voIune viII increase direclIy as lhe speed.
(e) As a resuIl, lhe horsepover viII increase as lhe cule of lhe
speed, lhe horsepover leing lhe producl of lhe CIM and lhe lo-
laI pressure.
2. Wilh changes in air densily, horsepover for a given voIune viII
increase or decrease in direcl proporlion lo lhe air densily, provided
lhal lhe slalic pressure aIso varies direclIy vilh lhe air densily, as is
lhe case in nosl praclicaI appIicalions.
Pltch
P
HD
= The axla| adtance of
the alr stream er reto|u-
tlon of the uhee|, ex-
ressed ln hub (alr sea|)
dlameter
P
HD
= 12V
S(RPM)
Where:
V=te|oclt ln feet er mlnute
S=Serles of fan (alr sea|) dl-
ameter ln lnches
Def|ectlon
At Hub
= The angle of air deflec-
tion from axial near the
hub, in degrees
=tan
-1
(0.14P)(P
t
/P
v
)
I

Pagc 7 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01

Horsepower Output
Total horsepower output, or total air horsepower, is the actual out-
put of the fan in terms of cubic feet per minute against the total pressure
(static pressure plus velocity pressure), and is calculated using the total
pressure.
Static air horsepower output contemplates only static pressure and
does not give credit for velocity pressure.
Horsepower Input
Horsepower input is defined as the brake horsepower (BHP) required
to rotate the fan wheel in order to achieve a given performance and equals
the total horsepower output of the fan divided by the fan efficiency ex-
pressed as a decimal. The horsepower input to the fan is always some-
what less than the power input to the motor due to the inevitable losses in
the motor and drive mechanism.
If the efficiencies of the motor and drive and the current draw of the
motor are known, the net horsepower input to the fan can be calculated.
The formula below assumes a 3-phase AC system:
Horseouer
Where:
P
t
and

P
s
are ln lnches H
2
O
E= Efflclenc exressed as a
declma|
Efflclenc
HI
L
Tota| HP
outut
=
P
t
x C|M x 5.2
33,000
Statlc HP
outut
=
P
s
x C|M x 5.2
33,000
HP
lnut
=
P
t
x C|M x 5.2
33,000 x E
E =
Tota| HP
OUTPUT
HP
lNPUT
Statlc
Efflclenc
Statlc HP
OUTPUT
HP
lNPUT
=
Mechanical Efficiency
Mechanical or overall efficiency is the best method of comparing
the performances of different fans. It gives the fan credit for the work
done in accelerating air to the discharge velocity, as well as the work
done against static pressure. Mechanical or overall efficiency is the ratio
of the total air horsepower output to the brake horsepower input to the
fan.
A well-designed fan will achieve 75% overall efficiency so long as
certain minimum conditions are observed and will achieve between 80%
and 85% efficiency when selected and installed under favorable condi-
tions.
Static Efficiency
Static efficiency is the ratio of the static air horsepower output to
the brake horsepower input. It is of little value in comparing perfor-
mances of different fans, but is quite valuable in comparing fan selec-
tions for a given installation. Static efficiency neglects the velocity pres-
sure imparted to the air and considers only the CFM delivered against the
static pressure. Efficiency in these terms is of the utmost value in fan
selection since credit is not given for velocity pressure in this calcula-
tion. For example, the larger the diameter of fan selected, the lower will
be the velocity pressure, with consequently lower wasted power and
higher static efficiency.
Where: E = Voltage
(ME) = Motor Efficiency
(DE) = Drive Efficiency
(PF) = Power Factor
Nt BHP =
E x I x (PF) x 1.732 x (ME) x (DE)
746
I = Amps
Pagc 8 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01
FAN PERFORMANCE FORMULA5 ADAPTED
FOR CALCULATOR5 AND COMPUTER5
1. = e
-3.7x1O
-5
A
x 53O/(T+46O) -R
(Densily of fIuid in Ils/fl3) /.O75
2. (ACIM) = (SCIM) /
3. D
MIN
= |S /6 4j
N.I.
4. D
MAX
= |O 36 Sj
N.I.
5. (RIM)
MAX
= 415O/D
6. V = (ACIM) I/4x (D+2l/12)
2
-((S-3.5)/12)
2
7. I = 12V/S(RIM)
8. I
v
= 6.2235 x 1O
-8
V
2
9. I
l
= eI
V
+I
S
1O. I
l-MAX
= Il(N/N
l
)
11. I = lan
-1
(O.14I)(I
l
/ I
v
)
12. I
MAX
= 55
13. M = 2.O5 - (6D / S)
= 1.OO if 2.O5 - ( 6D / S ) <1.OO
14. N
l
= M Il/ 3.8 x 1O
-8
S (RIM)
2
If S = 19
N
l
= M I
l
/ 3.8x1O 8 (4O) (RIM)
2
15. N
MAX

= |O.2O5 S j
N.I
.
(nanuaIIy adjuslalIe lIades)
= 5 (aulonalic Series 33)
= 8 (aulonalic Series 4O)
= 1O (aulonalic Series 49)
= 12 (aulonalic Series 6O, 73, 9O)
16. (BL) = N
l
/ N
17. (BL)
MIN
= O.7O
18. l = O.25 x Dia. (fl)
If an aIlernale lip cIearance is required,
use lhal vaIue in caIcuIaling efficiency.
19. L = (.84 + .O29D/(S/12)) (1-1.4 l / D) e
x
vhere: x = -.16 ( I -1.7 -.23D/(S/12))
2
If S = 19 L = L (N
l
/N)
O.2
Definitions
= Density ratio of working
fluid to dry air at sea level (29.92"
Hg3.and 70 F.
T = Temperature in F of air pumped
by the fan.
A = Altitude (elevation) of fan in feet
above sea level
(SCFM) = Mass flow rate of air
through fan in standard cubic feet/
min.
(ACFM) = Volume flow rate of air
through fan in actual cubic feet/
min.
S = Series of fan = nominal air seal
(the aerodynamic hub) in inches.
D = Diameter of fan in feet
D
MIN
= Minimum diameter fan available
for particular class and series
D
MAX
= Maximum diameter fan available
for particular class and series
N
t
= Number of blades theoretically
required on fan (not necessarily an
integer)
N = Actual number of blades used on
fan-usually the first integer
greater than or equal to N
t
but
may be larger
N
MAX
= Maximum number of blades
available for particular class and
series
(BL) = Blade load-Ratio of theoretical
number of blades to actual number
of blades.
(RPM) = Rotational speed of fan in
revolutions / minute
(RPM)
MAX
=Maximum allowable (RPM) for
particular class, series and
diameter
V = Axial air velocity through fan in
feet per minute
P = Relative pitch of fan expressed in
air seal diameters / revolution
Note on Nearest Integer
In several cases where integer values are computed, it has been necessary to provide an
equation which must be interpreted to the nearest integer. Values to be interpreted are
enclosed in brackets with N.I. subscript. [ ]
N.I
.
Pagc 9 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01
FOR COMPUTER5 AND CALCULATOR5
20. (BHP) = 1.575 x 10
-4
P
t
(ACFM)/E
21. = 1.0 (wheel in bell inlet or duct)
1.1 (wheel in conical inlet)
1.2 (wheel set well back in long tube)
1.3 (wheel set well back in short tube3
1.4 (wheel set back in re-entrant tube)
1.5 (wheel in inlet end of short tube)
2.0 (wheel in inlet end of re-entrant tube)
22. B for electric motor drive fans = ( 6.6P ) + ( 15Nt / N ) - 12.05
If S=27, B = ( 6.6P ) + ( 15N
t
/ N ) - 14.05
B for engine drive fans = ( 6.6P ) + ( 15N
t
/ N ) - 15.55
If S=27, B = ( 6.6P ) + ( 15N
t
/ N ) - 17.55
23. B
MAX
= 18 for electric motor drive fans
B
MAX
= 15 for engine drive fans
24. (TS) = D (RPM)
25.
f
= 5252 (BHP) / (RPM)
26.
b
=
f
/N
27
b-MAX
= 286 (for small resilient mounts)
= 380 (for large resilient mounts)
28. S = 19,27,33,40,49,60,73 or 90
29. V
MAX
= 3000 FPM
30. F
t
= 5.192 (P
t
) (D
2
/4)
Note on Torque Values

f-MAX
=
f
x Torque Factor
Lqualion No. 25 gives lhe running lorque of lhe fan. To delernine lhe naxinun lorque
appIied lo lhe fan during lhe slarling cycIe, nuIlipIy lhis nunler ly lhe slarling lorque
faclor of lhe nolor. Ior a slandard NLMA nolor, lhe lorque faclor is a. use lhis naxi-
nun lorque vaIue lo size lhe QD lype laper IocI lushing. Use lhe lorque per lIade
faclor (Lq. 26) lo delernine lhe required nounl size (Lq. 27) and lo checI lhal lhe naxi-
nun is nol exceeded.
Note on Ca|cu|ated Efflclenc
Moore Ians have sufficienl overIoad capacily lhal ACIM and slalic pressure as derived
in lhe fornuIas are guaranleed. The vaIue caIcuIaled for efficiency is an average vaIue
for nornaI lIade Ioading and noderale air defIeclions al lhe hul lul conlingenl on se-
Ieclion anl inslaIIalion, individuaI fans viII vary as nuch as 3 aloul lhis caIcuIaled
efficiency.
|AN SELECTlON SO|TWARE
FREE SOFTWARE IS AVAILABLE FROM MOORE FAN LLC
FOR FAN SELECTION AND NOISE LEVEL PREDICTION. TO
REQUEST A COPY, CALL (660) 376-3575 OR FAX (660) 376-
2909.
Deflnltlons
P
s
= Static pressure increase
through fan in inches of H2O
P
v
= Velocity pressure of air exciting
fan in inches H2O
= Inlet factor
P
t
= Total Pressure
= Angle of air deflection near air
seal in degrees
P
t
-MAX = Maximum allowable Pt to avoid
airflow breakdown at air seal
M = Multiplier necessary to
determine number of blades for
fans where D is less than 2.26 x
(S /12)
t = Recommended mean distance
between blade tip and fan ring
in inches
E = Efficiency of fan (1 =l OO%)
(BHP) = Power required to drive fan
using efficiency E above in
horsepower

f
= Tcrquc rcquirc |c ritc cn|irc
fan, in ||-|os (Scc Nc|c)

b
= Torque per blade required to
drive fan (See Note)

f

-MAX
= Maximum allowable torque on
fan

b-MAX
= Maximum allowable torque per
blade installed on fan
B = Blade angle set at clevis in
degrees
B
MAX
= Maximum allowable blade
angle
(TS) = Fan tip speed in ft/min
F
t
= Axial force in lbs imposed on
the shaft due to the air load on
the fan
V
MAX
= Maximum allowable velocity
Pagc 10 TMC-656-Rcv B 12/01
Fan Law
Summary:
The table below is intended to illustrate the relationships between the basic
parameters of importance in fan selection. These formulas will not give exact
answers applicable to a given situation, however, due to the modifying fac-
tors which are not taken into consideration. For example, the change in CFM
assumes that the static pressure remains constant. It is also assumed that the
change made has no effect on the efficiency, which is rarely the case. It is
possible that a change will so improve efficiency that the horsepower will
actually be reduced although the basic relationships shown here indicate an
increase.
Changing
the
values in
this.
column
Will result in the changes shown in these columns
assuming the quantities shown are held constant
DENSITY
RATIO
p
A
to p
B
TTAL RLVLUTINS HRSLIWLR NISL LLVLL
ACTUAL CIM IRLSSURL ILR MINUTL INIUT IN dBA
(ACIM)
B
= Il
B=
(RIM)
B
= (HI)
B
= (IWL)
B
= (IWL)
A
I
l
requires RIM > (RIM)
MAX
Increase N and/or use higher S lo reduce required RIM
I
l
>I
l
-MAX Use higher S and/or higher RIM and/or increase N
f loo Iarge Use high RIM and/or higher S and/or reduce D
N
l
loo snaII Use Iover RIM and/or Iover S
N
l
loo Iarge Use higher RIM and/or higher S
L loo snaII, I<2.4 Increase I ly using Iover RIM and/or snaIIer D
L loo Iarge, I>2.4 Decrease I ly using higher RIM and/or Iarger D
T
f
loo Iarge Increase RIM and/or decrease nolor HI
T
l
loo Iarge Inrease N and/or increase RIM
If thc va!ucs ca!cu!atcd !Ic nutsIdc thc dcsIrcd nr pcrmIssIb!c
!ImIts, try thc fn!!nwIng cnrrcctInns:
Conslanl
Conslanl
Conslanl
Conslanl
Conslanl
Conslanl
Conslanl (TS)
Conslanl (SCIM)

A
+1O Iog
+2O Iog

A
(HP)
A
x
(HP)
A
x
(HP)
A
x
(HP)
A
x

A
[ ]
2

A
[ ]
1/2
(RIM)
A
(RIM)
B
Conslanl
N
B
N
A
N
B
N
A
(Il)
A
x
(HP)
A
x
D
B
D
A
D
B
D
A
+8O Iog

A
[ ]
1/2

B
(RIM)
A
x

A
[
]
(Il)
A
x
D
B
D
A
(Il)
A
x
(RIM)
A
x
(RIM)
A
(RIM)
B
(ACIM)
A
x
(RIM)
A
(RIM)
B
+6O Iog
(RIM)
A
(RIM)
B
+ 15 Iog
N
B
N
A
+ 15 Iog
N
B
N
A
D
B
D
A
(ACIM)
A
x
D
B
D
A
(RIM)
A
x
(HP)
A
x
D
B
D
A

A
[ ]
1/2

B
(ACIM)
A
x
Conslanl
Conslanl (HP)
A
x

A
2
5
3
[
]
] [
[
[
]
]
3/2
[
]

B
(ACIM)
A
x

A
2
3
D
B
D
A
(ACIM)
A
x
]
[
(ACIM)
A
x
N
B
N
A
]
[
1/2

A
+ 5O Iog
+2O Iog
D
B
D
A

A
(RIM)
A
x
(RIM)
A
x
N
B
N
A
] [
1/2
2
(Il)
A
x
(RIM)
A
(RIM)
B
[ ]

A
(Il)
A
x
DIAMETER
D
A
to D
B
Assuming fan
proportions(D/S)
remain constant
(RPM)
A
to (RPM)
B
NUMBER
OF BLADES
N
A
TO N
B
]
2
[