This document describes 10 common defects that can occur during tablet production: sticking, blistering, filling, lamination, chipped edges, orange peel, erosion, twinning, cracking, and bridging. For each defect, the document provides an illustration, definition, and potential remedies. The remedies focus on controlling factors like drying rate, binding agent concentration, lubricant level, coating solution viscosity and application rate. The goal is to minimize defects and produce tablets with smooth, intact surfaces.
This document describes 10 common defects that can occur during tablet production: sticking, blistering, filling, lamination, chipped edges, orange peel, erosion, twinning, cracking, and bridging. For each defect, the document provides an illustration, definition, and potential remedies. The remedies focus on controlling factors like drying rate, binding agent concentration, lubricant level, coating solution viscosity and application rate. The goal is to minimize defects and produce tablets with smooth, intact surfaces.
This document describes 10 common defects that can occur during tablet production: sticking, blistering, filling, lamination, chipped edges, orange peel, erosion, twinning, cracking, and bridging. For each defect, the document provides an illustration, definition, and potential remedies. The remedies focus on controlling factors like drying rate, binding agent concentration, lubricant level, coating solution viscosity and application rate. The goal is to minimize defects and produce tablets with smooth, intact surfaces.
This document describes 10 common defects that can occur during tablet production: sticking, blistering, filling, lamination, chipped edges, orange peel, erosion, twinning, cracking, and bridging. For each defect, the document provides an illustration, definition, and potential remedies. The remedies focus on controlling factors like drying rate, binding agent concentration, lubricant level, coating solution viscosity and application rate. The goal is to minimize defects and produce tablets with smooth, intact surfaces.
Name of Defect Illustration Definition Remedy Sticking
This occurs in low melting point substances, and moisture supports defects, lower the speed up of upper, and lower punch leads to weight variation of tablets. It produces rough and chipping surface tablets, and develops material on both punches. Lack of drying is the cause of this defect. 1) Selection of Binding Agent is essential to solve sticking 2) Ideal selection of lubricant in desired proportion will minimize this problem. Blistering
It is local detachment of film from the substrate forming a blister caused by overheating during spraying coating solution. Use mild drying condition. Filling
The monogram or bisect is filled and become narrow caused by applying too much solution and of the higher solution applying rate. Control fluid application rate Lamination
It is major problem among of all defects and it occurs upon storage period, or soon after compression. This is due to air entrapment between layers of tablet, low levels of binding agent. It is minimized by improving lubricant concentration, changing the method of granulation and by direct compression technique, it is prevented to some extent. Use always dry material (feed). Chipped Edge
Tablets having sharp edge, elongated tablets are prone to chipped edge. Due to rough handling. Tablet shape is abnormal than normal. Use optimum level of binding agent. Granules subjected to high temperature will improve chipped surface (high drying). This defect accompanied with damaged surfaces at its corners, are also easily fragmented by even smooth handling. Orange Peel
It is surface defect resulting in the film being rough and nonglossy. Appearance is similar to that of an orange. Use mild drying conditions, and use additional solvents to decrease viscosity of solution. Erosion
Caused by over- wetted tablet surface, inadequate drying, and lack of tablet surface strength Control drying rate and temperature Twinning
A defect wherein two tablets are sticking together. These are most common in capsule- shaped tablets. This could be remedied by reducing spray rate and increasing pan speed. Cracking
Small, fine cracks observed on the upper and lower central surface of tablets, or very rarely on the sidewall. Use low molecular weight polymer and adjust the plasticizer & pigment types and concentration to minimize internal stresses. Bridging
This occurs when the coating fills in the lettering or logo on the tablet and is typically caused by improper application of the solution, poor design of the tablet embossing, high coating viscosity, high percentage of solids in the solution, or improper atomization pressure. Increasing the plasticizer content or changing the plasticizer can decrease the incidence of bridging.