This document provides an overview of musical dynamics, including what dynamics are, why they are used, how they are notated, and examples. It begins by defining dynamics as the loudness and softness in music. It then explains that dynamics allow composers and performers to manipulate elements of music to convey different meanings and emotions. The document details the standard Italian terms used to notate dynamics from pianissimo to fortissimo. It also introduces the concepts of crescendo and decrescendo to gradually increase or decrease volume. In 3 sentences or less: Dynamics refer to the loud and soft levels in music, which are notated using Italian terms like piano, forte, and mezzo to allow composers to manipulate volume and convey meaning,
This document provides an overview of musical dynamics, including what dynamics are, why they are used, how they are notated, and examples. It begins by defining dynamics as the loudness and softness in music. It then explains that dynamics allow composers and performers to manipulate elements of music to convey different meanings and emotions. The document details the standard Italian terms used to notate dynamics from pianissimo to fortissimo. It also introduces the concepts of crescendo and decrescendo to gradually increase or decrease volume. In 3 sentences or less: Dynamics refer to the loud and soft levels in music, which are notated using Italian terms like piano, forte, and mezzo to allow composers to manipulate volume and convey meaning,
This document provides an overview of musical dynamics, including what dynamics are, why they are used, how they are notated, and examples. It begins by defining dynamics as the loudness and softness in music. It then explains that dynamics allow composers and performers to manipulate elements of music to convey different meanings and emotions. The document details the standard Italian terms used to notate dynamics from pianissimo to fortissimo. It also introduces the concepts of crescendo and decrescendo to gradually increase or decrease volume. In 3 sentences or less: Dynamics refer to the loud and soft levels in music, which are notated using Italian terms like piano, forte, and mezzo to allow composers to manipulate volume and convey meaning,
Guiding Question: Why should I use dynamics, and ho do I use them!" #$ea of Inte$action: %omo &a'e$ (Man)ind the *$eato$+ What a$e dynamics! Dynamics a$e the louds and softs in music, that is, the -olume. #s you )no, music can 'e /layed loudly o$ 0uietly. %a//y 1i$thday" can 'e sung -e$y softly (to a 'a'y, fo$ instance+, o$ -e$y loudly (at a c$a2y /a$ty fo$ a teenage$, fo$ instance+. That3s the idea of dynamics4 Why ha-e dynamics! Dynamics a$e 5ust one 6lement of Music (an element is a 'asic /a$t+ that com/ose$s and musicians can mani/ulate o$ change to hel/ them /ut ac$oss the meaning they ant f$om a song. &o$ e7am/le, When the Saints Go Ma$ching In" is a song t$aditionally associated ith the city of 8e 9$leans. It is usually /e$fo$med fast (tempo allegro+, loud (forte dynamics+, and in a ha//y )ey (major tonality+. This ma)es the song sound li)e a /a$ty: ha//y, ca$ef$ee, and ene$getic. 1ut if a com/ose$ o$ /e$fo$me$ ants to send a diffe$ent message, she might /e$fo$m the song sloly (tempo lento+, 0uietly (dynamic of piano+, and in a sad )ey (minor tonality+. This might ma)e the song sound sad, mou$nful, o$ 'lue, as if the hole city o$ nation is g$ie-ing fo$ the -ictims and the dest$uction of hu$$icane :at$ina, hich nea$ly i/ed out 8e 9$leans in ;<<=. Dynamics (and the othe$ 6lements of Music+ hel/ gi-e the music meaning. # lot of music I listen to doesn3t seem to ha-e dynamics. Why is that! That3s t$ue4 Most music on the $adio ($oc), $a/, hi/ ho/, 'lues, count$y, oldies+ doesn3t change much in loudness. If it did, you3d ha-e to 'e constantly tu$ning the -olume u/ (so you could hea$ the 0uiet /a$ts+ and don (so the loud /a$ts ouldn3t deafen you+. %a-ing to constantly change the -olume on a ca$ $adio, *D /laye$, o$ I>/od could get /$etty i$$itating4 ?eco$ding a$tists and /$oduce$s )no that4 So they use a technology called compression, hich automatically ma)es e-e$ything /$etty much the same -olume (com/$ession ta)es out the dynamics and ma)es e-e$ything a'out the same loudness+. That ay, you3ll 'e mo$e li)ely to 'uy thei$ stuff. 1ut classical" *D3s and $eco$ds usually lea-e the dynamics alone, they don3t com/$ess them (e7ce/tion: sometimes dynamics do get com/$essed if the classical *D is going to get /layed on the $adio o$ T@+. The dynamics a$e left in 'ecause a lot of classical listene$s ant to hea$ those changes in dynamics: dynamic changes ma)e the music mo$e /oe$ful, inte$esting, o$ expressive (it means mo$e to them+. To 'e honest, some classical music without the dynamics can 'e 'o$ing4 Why is that! Music is all a'out expressing (saying o$ shoing+ something human, and human thoughts and feelings can 'e e7/$essed e7t$emely ell ith music (sometimes 'ette$ ith music alone than music ith o$ds4+. Mani/ulating o$ cont$olling the 6lements of Music (such as dynamics+ hel/s com/ose$s and /e$fo$me$s ma)e the music say hat they ant it to say. ?emem'e$: a lot of classical music doesn3t ha-e any o$ds (o$ the o$ds a$e in some fo$eign language the listene$ doesn3t e-en unde$stand+. So if the com/ose$ o$ /e$fo$me$ doesn3t use the 6lements of Music to hel/ the music say something, the music might not say anything4 19?I8G4 9:, so ho a$e dynamics $itten! Dynamics a$e $itten into the music 'y the com/ose$ o$ a$$ange$. Ae$fo$me$s can ma)e u/ thei$ on dynamics and $ite them in, o$ 5ust /lay them as they see fit. Li)e many musical te$ms, the ones com/ose$s use fo$ dynamics a$e $itten ith Italian o$ds o$ ith s/ecial sym'ols. Why a$e dynamics $itten in Italian! 6u$o/ean music as fi$st $itten don in Italy. Italians ce$tainly didn3t in-ent music: music has 'een a$ound as long as /eo/le ha-e. #nd othe$ nations o$ cultu$es could ell ha-e 'een $iting music in thei$ on ays long 'efo$e the Italians did. 1ut that3s he$e the $iting don of 6u$o/ean music $eally got sta$ted. So natu$ally, the Italians used thei$ on o$ds to desc$i'e music. It caught on f$om the$e, and /$etty soon com/ose$s all o-e$ 6u$o/e e$e using Italian o$ds and sym'ols to $ite thei$ music. 9:, so hat Italian o$ds and sym'ols a$e used fo$ dynamics! It3s $eally /$etty sim/le. The Italians 5ust used thei$ o$ds fo$ soft o$ 0uiet (piano+, st$ong o$ loud (forte+ and medium (mezzo+, /lus thei$ suffi7 fo$ the most" (>issimo+ to c$eate si7 dynamic le-els. 6ach te$m also has a /$etty sim/le a''$e-iation. %e$e they a$e, f$om softest to loudest: Dynamic #''$e-iation Meaning Pianissimo pp @e$y soft o$ -e$y 0uiet (lite$ally, the most 0uiet"+ Piano p Soft, 0uiet Mezzo piano mp Medium soft, medium 0uiet Mezzo forte mf Medium loud, medium st$ong Forte f Loud, st$ong (li)e a fo$t+ Fortissimo ff @e$y loud, -e$y st$ong (lite$ally, the most st$ong"+ Wait a minute4 Piano means a )ey'oa$d inst$ument that eighs a ton and can /lay almost any )ind of music4 Well, yes, 'ut no. The )ey'oa$d inst$uments that e$e common 'efo$e the /iano as in-ented (the o$gan, the ha$/sicho$d, the cla-icho$d+ all had thei$ good /a$ts. 1ut one 'ad thing they sha$ed is that they e$e lousy fo$ dynamics. They 'asically 5ust /layed eithe$ )ind of loud o$ )ind of soft unless you ent to a lot of t$ou'le to change them. It as $eally ha$d to change the dynamics hile you /layed, and e-en then, the change often didn3t ma)e all that much diffe$ence. The piano changed all that4 #s you may )no, if you /lay the /iano -e$y lightly, it /lays softly (piano4+. If you hit the /iano )eys ha$de$, it /lays loudly (forte+. It can do I8ST#8T and 6#SB changes in dynamics4 *99L4 So as the /iano as 'eing de-elo/ed, /e$fo$me$s and com/ose$s thought, G?6#T4 #n inst$ument that can easily /lay soft and loud4 We3ll call it the soft>loud4" Soft>loud in Italian, is (of cou$se+ piano forte. So e3$e $eally calling the piano 'y its fi$st name: the soft (0uiet+. Aianos ha-e changed o-e$ the centu$ies, and the mode$n /iano is diffe$ent in some ays than the o$iginal piano forte. 1ut e still call it the /iano, 'ecause it3s still $eally good at /laying piano #8D forte4 What if I don3t ant the music to change suddenly, I ant it to go f$om soft to loud g$adually! #n e7cellent idea4 That3s a $eally cool effect, as if the sun is coming u/, o$ something is g$oing, o$ something 'ig is coming (li)e a t$ain o$ a sto$m o$ a monste$ o$ a 'i$thday+. The Italians thought of that, too4 Thei$ o$d fo$ getting g$adually loude$" is crescendo" (lite$ally, g$oing"+. The o//osite can 'e done, too. The te$m fo$ getting g$adually softe$" (the o//osite of crescendo+ is (can you guess!+ decrescendo. 9f cou$se4 %o a$e crescendo and decrescendo $itten! Crescendo and decrescendo ha-e 'oth a''$e-iations #8D sym'ols. 1oth the a''$e-iations and the sym'ols ma)e /e$fect sense. The a''$e-iations a$e 5ust the fi$st /a$t of the o$d (cresc. o$ decresc.+. # crescendo symbol is so$t of a long 'ac)a$ds a$$o, getting 'igge$ and 'igge$ as you go ac$oss the /age. Bou can lite$ally see the music g$oing (getting loude$+ as you go4 %e$e3s a long crescendo, along ith some dynamics and ly$ics to gi-e you the idea. Sta$t at the left side of the /age and go to the $ight, 5ust as you ould $ead o$ds. pp p mp mf f ff *an you see the crescendo g$oing" as you go! That3s all the$e is to it. The sym'ol loo)s li)e it is g$oing", so the /e$fo$me$s g$o loude$4 6asy4 # decrescendo is the othe$ ay a$ound. Sta$t at the left and $ead to the $ight as alays. ff f mf mp p pp # decrescendo sh$in)s as you go ac$oss the /age, so the /e$fo$me$s 5ust get 0uiete$. STILL easy4 %e$e3s a ta'le of crescendo and decrescendo: Dynamic Abbreviation Symbol Meaning Crescendo cresc. Inc$easing -olume, getting g$adually loude$ (lite$ally, g$oing"+ Decrescend o decresc. Dec$easing -olume, getting g$adually 0uiete$ (o//osite of crescendo+ So4 Dynamics means changes in the volume of music. Dynamics a$e used ma)e the music mo$e inte$esting and mo$e meaningful. They a$e $itten ith Italian o$ds li)e piano (softC0uiet+, forte (st$ongCloud+ and mezzo (medium+. Crescendo means g$oing loude$, and decrescendo mean g$oing 0uiete$. That3s it fo$ dynamics4 Than)s fo$ $eading, and %a//y Music>Ma)ing44 This is sloly getting loude$, loude$, loude$, no it3s getting e-en loude$, %oly COW! T!S is sta$ting $eally loudly 'ut it3s getting softe$, softe$, no I can ha$dly hea$ it.
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Division Memo No. 168 S. 2016 ; Reiteration of DepEd Order No. 8 S. 2007 on the Revised Implementing Guidelines on the Operation and Management of School Canteens in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools — De