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Chapter 6
Diodes and Their Applications
2
Objectives
Describe how the properties of a
semiconductor differ from those of a
conductor and an insulator.
Define donors and acceptors and discuss
their functions in creating P-type material
and N-type material.
Discuss the basic properties of a PN-
junction diode and sketch the form of the
terminal characteristic curve.
3
Objectives
Describe the ideal model and the constant
voltage model for a junction diode and
draw the equivalent circuit forms.
Analyze simple circuit forms containing
diodes and determine when a diode is
forward biased or reverse biased.
State the input-output properties of an
ideal transformer in terms of the turns
ratio.
4
Objectives
Draw the schematic diagram of a half-
wave rectifier and analyze its operation.
Draw the schematic diagram of a full-wave
rectifier with a center-tapped secondary
and analyze its operation.
Draw the schematic diagram of a full-wave
bridge rectifier and analyze its operation.
Describe the function of a rectifier filter
and analyze the ripple level.
5
Objectives
Define peak inverse voltage and
determine its value for different rectifier
circuits.
Discuss the properties of different types of
diodes.
Draw the schematic diagram of a zener
regulator circuit and analyze its operation.
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6-1 Semiconductor Concepts
Conductors, Insulators, and
Semiconductors
Electrons or Holes
Doping and Impurities (Donors or
Acceptors)
P-type and N-type Material
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6-2 Junction Diode
Schematic Symbol
Applications
Terminal Characteristic
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PN-junction diode and its schematic
symbol.
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Ideal resistance and its terminal
characteristic.
10
Experiment used to determine
semiconductor diode terminal
characteristic.
11
Form of the terminal characteristic of a
semiconductor diode.
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6-3 Diode Circuit Models
Ideal Diode Model
Constant Voltage Model
Other Models
Which Model is Appropriate?
Is a Diode Forward Biased or Reverse
Biased?
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Ideal diode model and terminal
characteristic.
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Constant voltage diode model and
terminal characteristic.
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Circuit of Example 6-1.
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Circuit of Example 6-2.
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6-4 Diode Rectifier Circuits
Why Convert AC to DC?
Half-Wave Rectifier Circuit (Unfiltered)
Full-Wave Rectifier Circuit (Unfiltered)
Full-Wave Rectifier Bridge
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A half-wave rectifier without filtering and
the waveforms.
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Schematic diagram of an unfiltered full-
wave rectifier with a center-tapped
transformer and the waveforms.
20
Conduction models for full-wave rectifier
with center tap for alternate half-cycles.
21
Schematic diagram of an unfiltered full-
wave bridge rectifier circuit.
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Conduction models for bridge rectifier for
alternate half-cycles.
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6-5 Rectifier Circuits with Filtering
Half-Wave Rectifier with Capacitor Filter
Full-Wave Rectifiers with Capacitor Filter
Ripple Analysis
Reverse Diode Voltage
More Complex Filter Circuits
Power Supplies with a Voltage Regulator
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Schematic diagram of a basic half-wave
rectifier circuit with transformer and
capacitor filter.
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Waveforms for half-wave rectifier with
transformer and filter.
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Schematic diagram of a full-wave rectifier
circuit with transformer and capacitor
filter.
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Schematic diagram of a full-wave bridge
rectifier circuit with capacitor filter.
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Waveforms for full-wave rectifier without
and with filter.
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Schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit
with voltage regulator.
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6-6 Survey of Other Diode Types
Zener Diode
Light Emitting Diode
Photodiode
Optocoupler
Schottky Diode
Varactor Diodes
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Schematic symbols for various types of
diodes.
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6-7 Zener Regulator Circuits
Qualitative Explanation
33
Typical zener regulator circuit.
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Circuit of Example 6-8 with voltage and
current values labeled.
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Circuit of Example 6-9 with voltage and
current values labeled.
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Circuit of Example 6-10 with voltage and
current values labeled.