S14

THEORY OI" ARCHITECTUUE.

Book II.
the ])lane of (k-liiieatlon will determine the vaiiisliiiig iioints
(
Def.
14.) of the horizontal
lines AE and AD, and of all other horizontal lines i)arallel to them. Draw tlie line SO
perpendicular to GL, which line being the direction of the eye perpendicular
to the plane
of the picture determines tiie point thereon to which the eye should be directly opposite to
view it when completed, showing also how much "f the object is on one side, and how much
on tlie other of the point of view. We have now to draw the visual rays SA, SI}, SE, SF,
SC, SD, cutting the ])lane of the picture or delim^ation in b, x, tc, c, amid; the point A of
the nearest cube touching, itself, the picture at that point. The preparation on tiie plan
is now completed.
2410. The picture (No.
2.)
or plane of delineation is to be prepared as follows :

First
draw the ground line GL, and to such ground line transfer, by dropping verticals, the
points K.vhiacA and d. Above, and parallel to GL, at such convenient height as may be
necessary to show more or less of the up])er surfaces of the cubes or otherwise, as desired,
draw the horizontal line VZ
;
mark on such horizontal line the point O, to which the eye
is supposed to be perpendicularly opposite for viewing the delineation when completed.
All the other preparations are obtained from the plan, and may be obtained as follows :
-
First set off" on the horizontal line VZ the points V and Z, which are the vanishing
i)oints
of the sides AE and AD respectively. As A, the nearest angle of the object, touches the
plane of delineation, it is manifest that a line vertically drawn from that point will be of the
same height as the object itself, that is, as the figures are cubes, equal to Ali or A D in tl.e
plan No. 1. Take, therefore, AB No. 2. of the height required, and draw the lines 15 V
Hud AV, also AZ and I}Z, which being crossed by verticals carried up from xhwcd will
determine the points ke and / at the bottom, and in /and /( at the toj), and pij and r in the
part where the cube is double the height. Drawing AV it is intersected by the verticals
from the visual rays at c and w, cutting in
(/
and n. The line KK forms another line of
heights, if desired, for finding the height Fi;
;
indeed, by continuing any line liC (No.
1.)
to K, intersecting the picture, a line of height may be obtained. The rejiresentation of the
cube marked A will be understood without difficulty, if what has preceded be well com-
prehended. As by Definition 15. we have seen that all planes or lines in an original object
situated parallel to the plane of delineation have no vanishing lines or points in the plane
of delineation, so two of the sides of the cube will be bounded l)y horizontal and vertical
lines, inasmuch as those sides lie parallel to the plane of delineation. The vanishing points
for the other lines will of course be found in O, which passes through the picture at right
angles to it from S, the station jioint.
2411. Example IL To find the representation of a quadrangular building, situated
iiiclined to the picture, covered with a single spaimed roof, having a gable at each end.
2412. Let the rectangle AHCD (No.
4.) (///.
831.) be the plan of the building, the
line EF will be the place of the ridge of the roof extending from end to end. Let the line
Q.L be the place of the plane of delineation, and let S be the station point.
241 ;{. Find O the centre of the picture, also the i)oints Q
and L, the vanishing points
of the lines AB and AD, and their parallels, by lines drawn from S parallel to such lines,
and intersecting the picture. Produce the face of the building AD to 1 for an intersection
with the picture, and draw the visual rays intersecting the ground line of the ])icture
in the points
beaf
and d. These need not, however, be drawn beyond the plane of
delineation.
2414. Prepare the picture (No. 5.)
by drawing the horizontal and ground lines VZ and
GR at any distance from each other at pleasure
;
fix upon the centre of the ])icture O, and
draw the vertical line OO; set off the distances of the variishing points OV and OZ, e(]ual
the distances o the vanishing points OQ,and OL in No. 4. Draw the intersecting line
JL(\o.
5.),
and all the visual lines, through the points beaf and d, taken from their
respective i)laces and distances beaf and d (No. 4.),
and proceed as follows:

241.5. {)n the intersecting line IL (No.

5.)
set up the height IK e(]ual to the height of
the building HC or HG (Nos. 1. and 2.),
and draw the lines KZ and IZ, determining the
plane (/mop for the front of the building. Draw the lines mX and </V, determining the
end of the building ghiin. It now remains to place the roof, which is readily done, but
which, however, requires some circumspection in the jirocess.
2416. Place the height of the roof XD (No.
1.) on the intersecting line at IL (No.
5.),
and draw LZ, which will give the height of tlie roof on the angular line of the building gni
at r ; from which spot it may readily be transferred to its pro])ei- place in the visual line eli by
the line rV, which cuts the line ek in the point k, the ))oiut re<|uired. Frjm the point k
draw the lines ki and km, completing the gable end of the building. Draw the ridge of the
roof /;Z, cutting the end visual line, in the ])()int n; and lastly, draw the line no, completing
the whole linear delineation of the building ///(//(ho/i. It is to be observed, that whatever
original
i>lane
is produced to the picture to obtain an intersection, such intersection
serves only to obtain heights in the direction of that plane
;
whence ihey may be transferred
to other planes in contact with it, as in the present instance. The intersecting line 1 L
(No 5.) is the intersecting line of the plaiio yiiiup
\
hence any original heigl t set up