Chap. IV.

PllINCIPLES OF PROPORTION.
1041
In the Church at St. Ouen at llouea, we have a very different auMiiTemeiit,
anj
by no means so solid a form.
Winchester Cathedral. One division of the nave has been selected to show the peculiar
style practised at the latter end of the fourteenth century, and also the skill exhibited
in
changing the form of a Saxon edifice, and giving it its present character. The plan,
fig. 1303. is that of the pillar, as well as
of the mouldings and walls of the tri-
foriuin and clerestory above. When
William of Wykeham effected the changes
in the nave of this cathedral, he pre-
served all above the arches of the trifo-
rium, cutting away only the masonry of
each division below that level which in-
tervened between the main pillars
;
he
then caused the whole to be cased with
an ashlar, so that the original Saxon
masonry and proportions of the mass
remain within the casing. Tlie dotted
semicircular arch is the same as that in
fig. 1266., and in the roofs above the
groining the Saxon walls are traceable,

another proof that when any alteration

was made in a building by our me-
diaiv.ll masons, they did not think it
necessary entirely to demolish it. We
have in this example the decorative
character which belongs to the architec-
ture of the latter end of the fourteenth
century, though somewh;i.t heavy in its
proportions, which arises from the mass
constituting the original fabric being
preserved, or having undergone so little
change. The thickness of these pillars
from north to south is 10 feet 8 inches,
and from east to west 10 feet, whilst the
width of the opening from east to west
is only 14 feet.
If we examine the area of one severy
of the nave, as left by Wykeham, and
calculate the points of support, we shall
see that the proportions are not those
found in the nave at Canterbury, or
in other cotemporary buildings ; com-
prising the space between the buttresses,
the entire area of the parallelogram con-
tained between lines drawn through the
middle of the piers from north to south
is 2228 feet ; while the points of support
within that area are 551 feet, or one-
quarter of the whole.
On the section, shown at fig. 1304., the
buttresses on the north side project
6 feet ; the north wall is 5 feet 6 inches
in thickness, the half piers attached
project internally 2 feet 1 inch ; the
north aisle is in width 13 f>-et 1 inch,
the pier 10 feet 8 inches; the clear
width of the nave 32 feet 5 inches
;
the pier 10 feet 8 inches; the soutli
aisle 13 feet 1 inch, the half-pier which
j)rojects from the south wall 2 feet 1 inch,
and the thickness of the south wall 7 feet
2 inches; there are no buttresses, as the
cloister, now removed, served their pur-
pose. The width from cast to west,
measured from the centres of the piers,
being 22 feet 1 inch, and the width of