Nikola Tesla's patent describes a system for electrical distribution using a converter or transformer. The converter contains a core with primary and secondary coils wound around it. The primary coils are divided into pairs that are electrically connected to alternately fix the magnetic poles of the core. When connected to an alternating current generator with corresponding coils, the changing electrical phases in the generator produce corresponding magnetic changes in the converter, causing the points of greatest magnetic intensity to progress around the core. This allows induction of currents in the secondary coils to power independent circuits for lights, motors, or other devices from a single source.
Nikola Tesla's patent describes a system for electrical distribution using a converter or transformer. The converter contains a core with primary and secondary coils wound around it. The primary coils are divided into pairs that are electrically connected to alternately fix the magnetic poles of the core. When connected to an alternating current generator with corresponding coils, the changing electrical phases in the generator produce corresponding magnetic changes in the converter, causing the points of greatest magnetic intensity to progress around the core. This allows induction of currents in the secondary coils to power independent circuits for lights, motors, or other devices from a single source.
Nikola Tesla's patent describes a system for electrical distribution using a converter or transformer. The converter contains a core with primary and secondary coils wound around it. The primary coils are divided into pairs that are electrically connected to alternately fix the magnetic poles of the core. When connected to an alternating current generator with corresponding coils, the changing electrical phases in the generator produce corresponding magnetic changes in the converter, causing the points of greatest magnetic intensity to progress around the core. This allows induction of currents in the secondary coils to power independent circuits for lights, motors, or other devices from a single source.
N. TESLA. SYSTEM OF BLEGTRI CAL DI STRI BUTI ON. , . No. 3 8 1, 9 7 0 . A PatentedMay 1, 18 8 8 ' . day- 1. 4 a . ' a a, _ B . .Bl w/r/v Ess' LEs; _ ul /VVE/VTOH. ?zz/ MM;- - - y Y - ' - r ' ATTORNEYJ' . 20 25 3 5 45 UNI TED STATES , PATENT OFFI CE. NI KOLA TESLA, OF NEI V YORK, N. Y., ASSI GNOR OF ONE- HALF TO CHARLES F. PEOK, OF ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY. SYSTEM OF ELECTRI CAL DI STRI BUTI ON. SPECI FI CATI ON forming p art of Letters Patent No. 3 8 1, 9 7 0 , dated May 1, 18 8 8 . Ap p l ic ation ?l ed Dec ember 23 , 18 8 7 . Serial No. 25 8 , 7 8 7 . (No model .) To al l whom, it may c onc ern. Be it known that I , NI KOLA TEsLA, from Smil j an Lika, border c ountry of Austria- Hun gary, now residing at New York, in the c ounty and State of New York, hav e inv ented c ertain new and useful I mp rov ements in Systems of El ec tric al Distribution, of whic h the fol l owing is a sp ec i?c ation, referenc e being had to the drawings ac c omp anying and forming a p art of the same. This inv ention rel ates to those systems of el ec tric al distribution in whic h a c urrent from a singl e sourc e of sup p l y in a main or trans niitting c irc uit is c aused to induc e by means of suitabl e induc tion ap p aratus a c urrent or c urrents in an indep endent working c irc uit or c irc uits. - The main obj ec ts of the inv ention are the same as hav e been heretofore obtained by the use of these systems - v iz., to div ide the' c ur rent from a singl e sourc e, whereby a number of l amp s, motors, or other transl ating dev ic es may be indep endentl y c ontrol l ed and op erated by the same sourc e of c urrent, and in some c ases to- reduc e a c urrent of high p otential in the main c irc uit to one of greater q uantity and l ower p otential in the indep endent c onsump tion or working c irc uit or c irc uits. The general c harac ter of the dev ic es em p l oyed in these systems is now wel l under stood. An al ternating- c urrent magneto- ma c hineis used as the sourc e of sup p l y. The c ur rent dev el op ed thereby is c onduc ted through a transmission- c irc uit to one _ or more distant p oints at whic h the transformers are l oc ated. These c onsist of induc tion- mac hines of v arious kinds. I n some c ases ordinary forms of induc ~ tion- c oil hav e been used with one c oil in the transmitting- c irc uit and the other in a l oc al or c onsump tion c irc uit, the c oil s being differ entl y p rop ortioned ac c ording to the work to be done in the c onsump tion- c irc uit that is to say, if the work req uires a c urrent of higher p otential than that in the transmission c irc uit the sec ondary or induc ed c oil is of greater l ength and resistanc e than the p rimary, whil e, on the other hand, if a q uantity c urrent of l ower p otential is wanted the l onger c oil is made the p rimary. I n l ieu of these dev ic es v arious forms of el ec tro- dynamic induc tion- 5 o mac hines, inc l uding the c ombined motors and I generators, hav e been dev ised. For instanc e, a motor is c onstruc ted in ac c ordanc e with wel l understood p rinc ip l es, and on the same arma ture are wound induc ed c oil s whic h c onstitute , 3 a generator. The motor- c oil s are general l y of ?ne wire and the generator- c oil s of c oarser wire, so as to p roduc e a c urrent of greater q uantity and l ower p otential than the l ine- c ur rent, whic h is of rel ativ el y highv p otential , to 6 c av oid l oss in l ong transmission. A. simil ar ar rangement is to wind c oil s c orresp onding to those desc ribed in a ring or simil ar c ore, and by means of a c ommutator of suitabl e kind to direc t the c urrent through the induc ing- c oil s 6 5 suc c essiv el y, so as to maintain a mov ement of the p ol es of the c ore and of the l ines of forc e whic h set up the c urrents in the induc ed c oil s. WVithout enumeratingthe obj ec tions to these systems in detail , it wil l suffic e to say that the 7 0 theory or the p rinc ip l e of the ac tion or op era tion of these dev ic es has ap p arentl y been so l ittl e understood that their p rop er c onstruc tion and use hav e up to the p resent time been attended with v arious diffic ul ties and great 7 5 ex p ense. The transformers are v ery l iabl e to be inj ured and burned out, and the means re sorted to for c uring this and other defec ts hav e al most inv ariabl y been at the ex p ense of effic ienc y. The form of c onv erter or transformer whic h I hav e dev ised ap p ears to be l argel y free from the defec ts and obj ec tions to whic h I hav e al l uded. Whil e I do not herein adv anc e any theory as to its mode of op eration, I woul d 8 5 state that, in so far as the p rinc ip al of c on struc tion is c onc erned, it is anal ogous to those transformers whic h I hav e abov e desc ribed as el ec tro - dynamic induc tion - mac hines, ex c ep t that it inv ol v es no mov ing p arts whatev er, and 9 c is henc e not l iabl e to wear or other derange; ment, and req uires no more attention than the other and more c ommon induc tion- mac hines. I n c arrying out my inv ention I p rov ide a series of induc ing- c oil s and c orresp onding in- 9 5 duc ed c oil s, whic h, by p referenc e, I wind up on a c ore c l osed up on itsel f- suc h as an annul us or ring subdiv ided in the usual manner. The 8 0 3 8 1, 9 7 0 two sets of c oil s are wound side by side orsu p erp osed or otherwise p l ac ed in wel l - known ways to bring them into the most effec tiv e re l ations to one another and to the c ore. The 10 m 25 3 5 40 6 0 induc ing or p rimary c oil s wound on the c ore are div ided into p airs or sets by the p rop er el ec tric al c onnec tions, so that whil e the c oil s of one p air or set to c o- op erate in fix ing the mag nc tic p ol es of the c ore at two giv en diametric al l y- op p osite p oints, the c oil s of the other p air or set assuming, for sake of il l ustration, that there are but t\ v o tend to ?x the p ol es ninety degrees from suc h p oints. \ Vith this induc tion dev ic e I use an al ternating- eurrent gen~ erator with c oil s or sets of c oil s to c orresp ond with those of the c onv erter, and by means of suitabl e c onduc tors I c onnec t up in indep end ent c irc uits the c orresp onding c oil s of the gen erator and c onv erter. I t resul ts from this that the different el ec tric al p hases in the gen erator are attended by c orresp onding mag netic c hanges in the c onv erter; or, in other words, that as the generatorc oil s rev ol v e the p oints of greatest magnetic intensity in the c onv erter wil l be p rogressiv el y shifted or whirl ed around. This p rinc ip l e I hav e ap p l ied under v ariousl y~ moditied c onditions to the op eration of el ec tromagnetic motors, and in p rev ious ap p l ic ations, notabl y in those hav ing Serial Nos. 25 2, 18 2 and 25 6 , 5 6 1, I hav e de sc ribed in detail the manner of c onstruc ting and using suc h motors. I n the p resent ap p l i c ation my obj ec t is to desc ribe the best and most c onv enient manner of whic h I am at p res ent aware of c arrying out the inv ention as ap p l ied to a system of el ec tric al distribution; but one skil l ed in the art wil l readil y under stand from the desc rip tion by the modi?c a tions p rop osed in said ap p l ic ations, wherein the form of both the generator and c onv erter in the p resent c ase may be modified. I n il l ustration therefore of the detail s of c onstruc tion whic h my p resent inv ention in v ol v es, I now refer to the ac c omp anying draw l ugs. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic il l ustration of the c onv erter and the el ec tric al c onnec tions of the same. Fig. 2 is a horizontal c entral c ross sc c tion of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a diagram of the c ir c uits of the entire system, the generator being shown in sec tion. ' [use a c ore, A, whic h is c l osed up on itsel f that is to say, of an annul ar c yl indric al or eq uiv al ent form~ ~ and as the efl ic ic nc y of the ap p aratus is l argel y inc reased by the subdi v ision of this c ore I make it of thin strip s, p l ates, or wires of soft iron el ec tric al l y insu l ated as far as p rac tic abl e. Up on this c ore, by any wel l ?known method, I wind, say, four c oil s, B B B B , whic h I use as p rimary c oil s, and for whic h I use l ong l engths of c omp ara tiv el y fine wire. Ov er these c oil s I then wind shorter c oil s of c oarser wire, 0 C O O , to c on stitute the induc ed or sec ondary c oil s. The c onstruc tion of this or any eq uiv al ent form of c onv erter may be c arried further, as abov e p ointed out, by inc l osing these c oil s with iron as, for ex amp l e, by winding ov er the c oil s a l ayer or l ayers of insul ated iron wire. The dev ic e is p rov ided with suitabl e bind ing~ p osts, to whic h the ends of the c oil s are l ed. The diametric al l y- op p osite c oil s B B and B B are c onnec ted, resp ec tiv el y, in series, and the four terminal s are c onnec ted to the hind ing- p osts 1 2 3 4- . The induc ed c oil s are c on nec ted together in any desired manner. For ex amp l e, as shown in Fig. 3 , G C may be c on nec ted in mul tip l e are when a q uantity c ur rent is desired- as for running a group of in c andesc ent l amp s, D ~ whil c G 0 may be in dep endentl y c onnec ted in series in a c irc uit inc l uding arc l amp s or the l ike. The gener ator in this system wil l be adap ted to the c on v erter in the manner il l ustrated. For ex am p l e, in the p resent c ase I emp l oy a p air of or~ dinary p ermanent or c l ec tro magnets, E E, between whic h is mounted a c yl indric al arma< ture on a shaft, F, and wound with two c oil s, G G . The terminal s of these c oil s are c on nec ted, resp ec tiv el y. to four insul ated c ontac t or c ol l ec ting rings, H H H I I , and the four l ine c irc uit- wires L c onnec t the brushes K, bearing on these rings, to the c onv erter in the order shown. Noting the resul ts of this c om bination, it wil l be observ ed that at a giv en p oint of time the c oil G is in its neutral p osi tionandisgeneratingl ittl e or no c urrent, whil e the other c oil , G , is in a p osition where it ex erts its max imum effec t. Assuming c oil G to be c onnec ted in c irc uit with c oil s B B of the c onv erter, and c oil G with c el l s B B , it is ev ident that the p ol es of the ring A wil l be determined by c oil s B B al one; but as the armature of the generator rev ol v es, c oil G de del op s more c urrent and c oil G l ess, until G reac hes its max imum and G its neutral p osi tion. The obv ious resul t wil l be to shift the p ol es of the ring A through one- q uarter of its p erip hery. The mov ement of the c oil s through the nex t q uarter of a turn, during whic h c oil G Yc nters a ?el d of op p osite p 0 l arity and generates a c urrent of op p osite direc tion and inc reasing strength, whil e c oil G, in p assing from its max imum to its neu tral p osition generates a c urrent of dec reas ing strength and same direc tion as before, c auses a further shifting of the p ol es through the sec ond q uarter of the ring. The sec ~ ond hal f- rev ol ution wil l obv iousl y be a rep e tition of the same ac tion. By the shifting of the p ol es of the ring A a p owerful dynamic induc tiv e effec t on the c oil s G G is p roduc ed. Besides the c urrents generated in the sec ond ary c oil s by dynamo' inagnetic induc tion other c urrents wil l be set up in the same c oil s in c on seq uenc e of any v ariations in the intensity of the p ol es in the ring A. This shoul d be av oided by maintaining the intensity of the p ol es c on stant, to ac c omp l ish whic h c are shoul d be taken in designing and p rop ortioning the gen erator and in distributing the c oil s in the ring A and bal anc ing their effec t. iVhen this is 8 0 8 5 9 5 10 5 3 0 3 9 1, 9 7 0 3 done, the c urrents are p roduc ed by dynamo magnetic induc tion onl y, the same resul t be ing obtained as though the p ol es were shifted by a c ommutator with an in?nite number of segments. . _ The modi?c ations whic h are ap p l ic abl e to other forms of c onv erter are in many resp ec ts ap p l ic abl e to this. I refer more p artic ul arl y to the form of the c ore, the rel ativ e l engths and resistanc es of the p rimary and sec ondary c oil s, and the arrangements for running or 0 p j erating the same. The new method of el ec tric al c onv ersion whic h this system inv ol v es I hav e made the subj ec t of another ap p l ic ation, and I do not c l aim it therefore herein. Without l imiting mysel f therefore to any sp ec i?c form, what I c l aim is 1. The c ombination, with a c ore c l osed up on itsel f, induc ing or p rimary c oil s wound thereon and c onnec ted up in indep endent p airs or sets, and induc ed or sec ondary c oil s wound up on or near the p rimary c oil s, of a generator of al ternating c urrents and indep endent c onnec tions to the p rimary c oil s, whereby by the op eration of the generator a p rogressiv e shifting of the p ol es of the c ore is effec ted, as set forth 2. Thec ombination, withan annul arorsimi l ar magnetic c ore and p rimary and sec ondary c oil s wound thereon, of' an al ternating- c ur rent generator hav ing induc ed or armature c oil s c orresp onding to the p rimary c oil s, and indep endent c irc uits c onnec ting the p rimary c oil s with the c orresp onding c oil s of the gen erator, as herein set forth. 3 . The c ombination, with indep endent el ec tric transmission- c irc uits, of transformers c on sisting of annul ar or simil ar c ores wound with p rimary and sec ondary c oil s, the op p osite p ri mary c oil s of eac h transformer being c onnec ted to one of the transmission- c irc uits, an al ter nating- c urrent generator with indep endent in . duc ed or armature c oil s c onnec ted with the transmission- c irc uits, whereby al ternating c ur rents may be direc ted through the p rimary c oil s of the transformers in the order and man ner herein desc ribed. NI KOLA TESLA. Witnesses: ROBT. H. DUNCAN, ' RoB' r. F. GAYLORD. 45