Microcomputer Networking II

St. Cloud State University

MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The ISO/OSI Reference Model
The Model
Functionality of Layers
Example Networks
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The OSI Model
Basic principles of layered architecture:
Each layer means different layer of abstraction
Each layer should perform a well defined function
The functions of layer should promote standardization
The information flow across the interfaces should be
minimized
The number of layers should be large enough to
separate functionality and small enough to keep the
architecture under control
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The OSI Model
Introduced in 1983
The OSI model has seven layers
The OSI model is not a network architecture
It does not specify the exact services ant protocols
It specifies what kind of functions each layer should
perform
ISO has produced standards for each layer as separate
documents
Good model to study networking concepts
Figure from book Computer Networks 3rd ed., by A.S. Tanenbaum
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The OSI reference model
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The Physical Layer
Transmission of raw bits over communication
channel
Transmission media, its physical properties
Magnetic media
Twisted pair
Coaxial cable
Fiber optics
Wireless transmission
Data rate of communication channel
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The Data Link Layer
Providing error-free transmission line for upper
layers between two adjacent nodes
Breaking information into frames and using
services of physical layer
Error-detecting codes
Error-correcting codes
Ensuring uniqueness and correctness of frames
Flow control between sender and receiver
Access to shared communication channel
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The Network Layer
Routing of data packets from source host to
destination host
Controlling network congestion
Accounting of network traffic
Internetworking - interconnection of multiple
heterogeneous networks
Addressing issues
Packet sizes
Protocol differences
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The Transport Layer
Transmission of data between software entities on
end-point hosts
Providing channel for each application, mapping
channels to Network Layer connection
Ensuring uniqueness and correctness transmitted
of data units
Quality of Service (QoS) management
Connection management, naming
Flow control and buffering
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The Session Layer
Establishment of sessions between applications
Enhancing Transport Layer services
Dialogue control: directions, etc.
Token management
Synchronization: checkpoints
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The Presentation Layer
Providing general solutions to syntax and
semantics transmitted data
Encoding of data on the wire into intermediate
format
Compression of data
Encryption of data
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The Application Layer
All the network application software
Network virtual terminals
File transmission
Electronic mail
File servers
Database servers
Application servers
Object servers
Transaction servers
Figure from book Computer Networks 3rd ed., by A.S. Tanenbaum
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
Data Transmission in OSI model
Figure from book Computer Networks 3rd ed., by A.S. Tanenbaum
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
The TCP/IP Reference Model
Figure from book Computer Networks 3rd ed., by A.S. Tanenbaum
Microcomputer Networking II
St. Cloud State University
MCS 426, Fall 1999 Instructor: Adomas Svirskas
Initial TCP/IP protocols