GLOSSARY.

1209
of the male branches of the establishment, and always in the lower part of the house
;
the
ffpioecia, or women's apartments, being in the npper part.
Angle. (Lat. Angulus.) The mutual inclination of two lines meeting in a point, called
indifferently the angular point, vertex, or point of concourse : the two lines are called
legs.
Angle Bar. In joinery, the upright bar at the angle of a polygonal window.
Angle Bead, or Staff Bead. A vertical bead, commonly of wood, fixed to an exterior
angle and flush ^itli the intended surface of the plaster on both sides, for the purpose
of securing the angle against accident, serving also as a guide fur floating the plaster.
The section of these beads is about three-quarters of a circle, with a projecting part from
the other quarter, by means whereof they are made fMst to the wood bricks, plugging,
or bond timbers. Angle beads of wood round the intradosses of circular arches are diffi-
cult to bend without cutting or steaming them. The former has a very unsightly
appearance, and the latter method is at once inconvenient and troublesome. The plaster
itself is the best material in this case, and at the height generally placed will be out of
the reach of accident. lu good finishings, corner beads which are unsightly should not
be used, but the plaster should be well gauged and brought to an arris.
Angle Brace. In carpentry, a piece of timber fixed to the two extremities of a piece of
quadrangular framing, making it partake of the form of an octagon. This piece is also
called an angle tie and a diagonal tie. By the use of this piece wall plates are frequently
.
braced. In constructing a well hole of a circular section through a roof or floor for a
skylight, &c. the framing is flrst made in a quadrangular form
;
braces are then fixed
opposite to each angle, and the aperture becomes of an octagonal form
;
finally, pieces
are fixed at each angle of the octagon, meeting each other in the middle of its sides, so as
to transform the section of the aperture into a circle, or oval.
Angle Bracket. A bracket placed in the vertex of an angle, and not at right angles with
the sides. See Bracketing.
Angle Capital. In ancient Greek architecture, the Ionic capitals used to the flank
columns which have one of their volutes placed at an angle of 135 with the planes of
the front and returning frieze. As an example may be cited the angle capitals of the
temple of Minerva Polias at Athens. This term is also apjjlied to the modern Ionic
capital, in which the whole of the four volutes have an angular direction.
Angle Chimney. A chimney placed in the angle of a room.
Angle Iron. A plate of iron rolled into an
[_
shape, and used for the purpose of secur-
ing two iron plates together by rivets, as Y Y in the beam
of the plate girder,/^. 1363, and the box-beam,
^^.
1364.
Angle Modillion. A modillion placed in a direction parallel '^ lr=^
to a diagonal drawn through a cornice at its mitring. It
Mr
is an abuse seen only in the buildings erected during the
decline of Roman architecture, as in the ruins of Balbec
and Palmyra, and in the palace of the Emperor Bioclesian
at Spalatro.
Angle of Vision. In perspective, that angle under which
Fig. 1363. Fig. 1364.
an object or objects are seen, and upon which their ap-
parent magnitudes depend. In practical perspective it should not exceed sixty degrees.
Angle of a Wall. The angle contained by the vertical planes of two walls which form
the angle of the building. The term is sometimes used to denote the line in which
the two sides of the angle meet, which by workmen is commonly called the arris
:
the
arris, however, is not the angle, but the line of concourse formed by the two sides or
planes which contain the angle.
Angle Rafter. The piece of timber in a hipped roof placed in the line of concourse of
the two inclined planes forming the hip. It is more often called a hip rafter.
Angle Rib. A piece of timber of a curved form placed between those two parts of a
coved or arched ceiling or vault w'hich form an angle with each other so as to range
with the common ribs on each side or return part.
Angle Staff. See Angle Bead.
Angle Stones. A term used by some authors to denote quoins.
Angle Tie. See Angle Brace.
Anglo-Saxon
Aechitecture. Bede mentions one Benedict called Biscop, as the firnt
person who introduced builders of stone edifices and makers of glass into England, a.d.
672. The principal characteristics of the style is a debased imitation of the Roman
works, long and short masonry, absence of buttresses, semi-circular and triangular
arches, rude balusters, hammer-dressings, and unchiselled sculptures.
Angular Capital. See Capital.
Annular Mouldings. Generally those having vertical sides and horizontal circular
sections.
Annular Vault. A vault springing from two walls each circular on the plan
;
such as
that in the temple of Bacchus at Rome.