1212

GLOSSARY.
when the charcoal is powdered. Animal charcoal is better than that nf wood, cr of peat,
for the purposes of disinfection. AViien cleansing cesspo )ls, the charcoal should be
mixed witii the soil. Wlien used to destroy foul air, the charcoal requires to be exposed
ill tliiu films, presenting the greatest possible surface. It is essentially neeessnry to
the proper filtration of water. It is a bad conductor of heat, but conducts electricity.
Charqed. a term used to denote that one member of a piece of architecture is sustained
by another. A frieze is said to be charged with the ornament cut on it.
CiiAUNBL House. A
place whore the bones of the dead are deposited.
CiJARToPHYLACiuM. A recess or apartment in an ancient building, for the preservation of
records or valuable writings.
Chase. An upright indent cut in a wall for the joining another to it. It also means an
indent cut in a wall, into which a pipe or some such article is placed.
Chase Mortise, or Pullet Mortise. A long mortise cut lengthwise in one of a pair of
parallel timbers, for the insertion of one end of a transverse timber, by making the
latter revolve round a centre at the other end, which is fixed in the other parallel timber.
This may bo exemplified in ceiling joists where the binding joists are the parallel tim-
bers first fixed, and the ceiling are the transversa joists.
Chateau. The modern French form of the word castle, and used for a castle, fort, or
country mansion.
Chekks. Two upright, equal, and similar parts of any piece of timber-work. Such, for
instance, as the sides of a dormer window.
Cheeks of a Mortise are the two solid parts upon the sides of the mortise. The thick-
ness of each cheek should not be less than the thickness of the mortis;^, except mould-
ings on the stiles absolutely require it to be otherwise.
Cheese Room. A room set apart for the reception of cheeses after they are made. The
walls should be lined, and fitted up with shelves with one or more stages, according to
the size of the room, and proper gangways for commodious passage. In places
where much cheese is manufactured, the dairy-room may bo placed below, the shelf
-
room directly above, and lofts may be built over the shelf-room, with tr.ap-doors through
each fioor. This will save much carriage, and will be found advantageous for drying
the clieeses.
Chequers. In masonry, are stones in the facings of walls, whieli have all their thin joints
continued in straight lines, without interruption or breaking
ji ints. Walls built in
this manner are of the very worst description
;
particulnrly when the joints are m;ido
liorizental and vertical. Those whicii consist of diagonal joints, or joints inclined to
the horizon, were used by the Romans.
Chesnut or Chestnut. The,
fa
gus castanca. A large tree chiefly grown in England in
ornamental grounds. It has often been stated that its timber has been used in building,
but no satisfactory proof has been adduced. Where wide planks can be procured
without a fault, they have pierhaps been used for panels and carving, as the Avood is
very siniihir to wainscot, but is without the flower.
Chest. The same as Caissox.
Chevet. a term used by Frencli architects and antiquaries to denote the surrounding
aisles to the choir of a cathedral, from their resemblance on the plan to the form
of a bolster.
Chevron Mot-lding. A zigzag ornament used in
the archivolts of Saxou and Norman arches, similar
Xofig.
1381.
CHIM.ERA. A monster of the Grecian mythology,
described as having a lion's head, a goat's body,
and the tail of a dragon. Out of the back grows the
head and neck of a goat. One such piece of sculp-
ture, brought to England by Sir Charles Fellowes I'lg 1)81.
from Asia Minor, is now in the Britisli Museum.
Chimnp;y. (Fr. Cheminee.) The place in a room where a fire is burnt, and from which
the smoke is carried away by means of a conduit, called a funnel or a flue. Where the
walls are sufficiently thick, the chimneys are formed in the substance of them, but they
are usually made by a projection from a wall and a recess in the same from tlie floor
ascending within the limits of the projection and tlie recess. That part of the opening
which faces the room is properly called tho fircp'ace, the stone, marble, or metal, under
which is called the hrarth. That on a level with and in front of it is tho slab, though
often called the hearth. The A'ertical sides of the opening are cnWcA. jambs. The head
of the fore^plate resting on the jambs is called the nia)dei. The tube or cavity from the
fireplace upwards is called theifuniui or Jlne. The part of the funnel which contracts
as it ascends is termed Xhe gathering, by some the gathrlng
of
the wings. The part
between the gathering and the flue is called tho throat. The part of the wall facing
the room, and forming one side of tho funnel par^llel thereto, or tho part of the wall