Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURTManila

EN BANC
G.R. No. 141489 November 29, 2002
SENATOR AQUILINO Q. PIMENTEL, JR., REPRESENTATIES MEL!N ".
E#ALLE, LEONAR"O Q. MONTEMA!OR, CRESENTE C. PAE$, LORETTA ANN P.
ROSALES %&' PATRICIA M. SARENAS, petitioners, vs.(OUSE O)
REPRESENTATIES ELECTORAL TRI#UNAL, JUSTICES JOSE A.R. MELO,
ICENTE . MEN"O$A %&' JOSE C. ITUG, %&' REPRESENTATIES ASANI S.
TAMMANG, RAUL M. GON$ALES, "I"AGEN P. "ILANGALEN, "ANTON Q.
#UESER,
1
NAPOLEON R. #ERATIO, SIMEON E. GARCIA %&' SPEA*ER MANUEL
#. ILLAR, JR., respondents.
-----------------------------
G.R. No. 141490 November 29, 2002
SENATOR AQUILINO Q. PIMENTEL, JR. REPRESENTATIES MEL!N ". E#ALLE,
LEONAR"O Q. MONTEMA!OR, CRESENTE C. PAE$, LORETTA ANN P. ROSALES
%&' PATRICIA M. SARENAS, petitioners, vs.COMMISSION ON APPOINTMENTS,
+,- C.%+r, SENATE PRESI"ENT #LAS ). OPLE, %&' Member-, &%me/01
SENATORS )RAN*LIN M. "RILON, RENATO L. CA!ETANO, LOREN LEGAR"A2
LEISTE, RO#ERT $. #AR#ERS, ANNA "OMINIQUE M.L. COSETENG,
GREGORIO (ONASAN, RAMON #. MAGSA!SA!, JR., TERESA AQUINO2ORETA,
RAUL S. ROCO, )RANCISCO S. TATA", ICENTE C. SOTTO III %&'
REPRESENTATIES LUIS A. ASISTIO, EMILIO R. ESPINOSA, JR., 3IG#ERTO E.
TA4A"A, MANUEL M. GARCIA, SIMEON A. "ATUMANONG, ANTONIO M. "IA$,
)AUSTINO S. "!, JR., PACI)ICO M. )AJAR"O, ERNESTO ). (ERRERA, NUR G.
JAA)AR, CARLOS M. PA"ILLA, ROGELIO M. SARMIENTO %&' SPEA*ER
MANUEL #. ILLAR, JR., respondents.
D E C I I ! N
CARPIO, J.:
The Case
Before this Court are t"o ori#inal petitions for prohibition and $anda$us "ith pra%er
for "rit of preli$inar% in&unction. Petitioners assail the co$position of the 'ouse of
Representatives Electoral (ribunal )*'RE(* for brevit%+
,
and the Co$$ission on
Appoint$ents )*CA* for brevit%+.
-
Petitioners pra% that respondents be ordered to
*alter, reor#ani.e, reconstitute and recon/#ure* the co$position of the 'RE( and the
CA to include part%-list representatives in accordance "ith ections 01 and 02, Article
3I of the 0421 Constitution and Republic Act No. 1450, other"ise 6no"n as the Part%-
7ist %ste$ Act. Petitioners further pra% that the 'RE( and the CA be en&oined fro$
e8ercisin# their functions until the% have been reor#ani.ed.
Antecedent 9acts
ection :, Article 3I of the 0421 Constitution provides for a part%-list s%ste$ in the
'ouse of Representatives )*'ouse* for brevit%+, as follo"s;
*ec. :. )0+ (he 'ouse of Representatives shall be co$posed of not $ore than t"o
hundred and /ft% $e$bers, unless other"ise /8ed b% la", "ho shall be elected fro$
le#islative districts apportioned a$on# the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan
Manila area in accordance "ith the nu$ber of their respective inhabitants, and on the
basis of a unifor$ and pro#ressive ratio, and those "ho, as provided b% la", shall be
elected throu#h a part%-list s%ste$ of re#istered national, re#ional and sectoral
parties or or#ani.ations.
),+ (he part%-list representatives shall constitute t"ent% per centu$ of the total
nu$ber of representatives includin# those under the part% list. 9or three consecutive
ter$s after the rati/cation of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to
part%-list representatives shall be /lled, as provided b% la", b% selection or election
fro$ the labor, peasant, urban poor, indi#enous cultural co$$unities, "o$en, %outh
and such other sectors as $a% be provided b% la" e8cept the reli#ious sector.*
!n March -, 044:, the Part%-7ist %ste$ Act too6 e<ect. (he Act sou#ht to *pro$ote
proportional representation in the election of representatives, to the 'ouse of
Representatives throu#h a part%-list s%ste$ of re#istered national, re#ional and
sectoral parties or or#ani.ations or coalitions thereof, "hich "ill enable 9ilipino
citi.ens belon#in# to $ar#inali.ed and underrepresented sectors, or#ani.ations and
parties, and "ho lac6 "ell-de/ned political constituencies but "ho could contribute to
the for$ulation and enact$ent of appropriate le#islation that "ill bene/t the nation
as a "hole, to beco$e $e$bers of the 'ouse of Representatives.*
5
!n Ma% 00, 0442, in accordance "ith the Part%-7ist %ste$ Act, national elections
"ere held "hich included, for the /rst ti$e, the election throu#h popular vote of
part%-list #roups and or#ani.ations "hose no$inees "ould beco$e $e$bers of the
'ouse. Proclai$ed "inners "ere 05 part%-list representatives fro$ 0- or#ani.ations,
includin# petitioners fro$ part%-list #roups Association of Philippine Electric
Cooperatives
:
)APEC+, Al%ansan# Ba%anihan n# $#a Ma#sasa6a, Man##a#a"an#
Bu6id at Man#in#isda )ABA+, NA(C! Net"or6 Part% )C!!P-NA(CC!+, A6ba%an=
Citi.ens Action Part% )A>BA?AN+, and Abanse= Pina% )ABANE+. Due to the votes it
#arnered, APEC "as able to send , representatives to the 'ouse, "hile the 0, other
part%-list #roups had one representative each. Also elected "ere district
representatives belon#in# to various political parties.
ubse@uentl%, the 'ouse constituted its 'RE( and CA contin#ent
A
b% electin# its
representatives to these t"o constitutional bodies. In practice, the procedure involves
the no$ination b% the political parties of 'ouse $e$bers "ho are to occup% seats in
the 'RE( and the CA.
1
9ro$ available records, it does not appear that after the Ma%
00, 0442 elections the part%-list #roups in the 'ouse no$inated an% of their
representatives to the 'RE( or the CA. As of the date of /lin# of the instant petitions,
the 'ouse contin#ents to the 'RE( and the CA "ere co$posed solel% of district
representatives belon#in# to the di<erent political parties.
!n Banuar% 02, ,CCC, enator A@uilino D. Pi$entel, Br. "rote t"o letters addressed to
then enate President Blas 9. !ple,
2
as Chair$an of the CA, and to Associate Bustice
of the upre$e Court Bose A. R. Melo )no" retired+,
4
as Chair$an of the 'RE(. (he
letters re@uested enate President !ple and Bustice Melo to cause the restructurin# of
the CA and the 'RE(, respectivel%, to include part%-list representatives to confor$ to
ections 01 and 02, Article 3I of the 0421 Constitution.
In its $eetin# of Banuar% ,C, ,CCC, the 'RE( resolved to direct the ecretar% of the
(ribunal to refer enator Pi$entelEs letter to the ecretar%-Feneral of the 'ouse of
Representatives.
0C
!n the sa$e da%, 'RE( ecretar% Dais% B. Pan#a-3e#a, in an
Indorse$ent
00
of even date, referred the letter to 'ouse of Representatives ecretar%
Feneral Roberto P. Na.areno.
!n 9ebruar% ,, ,CCC, petitioners /led "ith this Court their Petitions for Prohibition,
Manda$us and Preli$inar% In&unction )"ith Pra%er for (e$porar% Restrainin# !rder+
a#ainst the 'RE(, its Chair$an and Me$bers,
0,
and a#ainst the CA, its Chair$an and
Me$bers.
0-
Petitioners contend that, under the Constitution and the Part%-7ist %ste$
Act, part%-list representatives should have 0., or at least 0 seat in the 'RE(,
05
and
,.5 seats in the CA.
0:
Petitioners char#e that respondents co$$itted #rave abuse of
discretion in refusin# to act positivel% on the letter of enator Pi$entel. In its
Resolution of 9ebruar% 2, ,CCC,
0A
the Court en banc directed the consolidation of F.R.
No. 05054C "ith F.R. No. 050524.
!n 9ebruar% 00, ,CCC, petitioners /led in both cases a $otion
01
to a$end their
petitions to i$plead then pea6er Manuel B. 3illar, Br. as an additional respondent, in
his capacit% as pea6er of the 'ouse and as one of the $e$bers of the CA. (he Court
#ranted both $otions and ad$itted the a$ended petitions.
enator Pi$entel /led the instant petitions on the stren#th of his oath to protect,
defend and uphold the Constitution and in his capacit% as ta8pa%er Eand as a
$e$ber of the CA. 'e "as &oined b% : part%-list representatives fro$ APEC, ABA,
ABANE, A>BA?AN and C!!P-NA(CC! as co-petitioners.
Petitioners cite as basis ections 01 and 02, Article 3I of the 0421 Constitution, to "it;
*ec. 01. (he enate and the 'ouse of Representatives shall each have an Electoral
(ribunal "hich shall be the sole &ud#e of all contests relatin# to the election, returns
and @uali/cations of their respective Me$bers. Each Electoral (ribunal shall be
co$posed of nine Me$bers, three of "ho$ shall be Bustices of the upre$e Court to
be desi#nated b% the Chief Bustice, and the re$ainin# si8 shall be Me$bers of the
enate or the 'ouse of Representatives, as the case $a% be, "ho shall be chosen on
the basis of proportional representation fro$ the political parties and the parties or
or#ani.ations re#istered under the part%-list s%ste$ represented therein. (he senior
Bustice in the Electoral (ribunal shall be its Chair$an.*
*ec. 02. (here shall be a Co$$ission on Appoint$ents consistin# of the President of
the enate, as e8 oGcio Chair$an, t"elve enators and t"elve Me$bers of the
'ouse of Representatives, elected b% each 'ouse on the basis of proportional
representation fro$ the political parties and parties or or#ani.ations re#istered under
the part%-list s%ste$ represented therein. (he Chair$an of the Co$$ission shall not
vote, e8cept in case of a tie. (he Co$$ission shall act on all appoint$ents sub$itted
to it "ithin thirt% session da%s of the Con#ress fro$ their sub$ission. (he
Co$$ission shall rule b% a $a&orit% vote of all the Me$bers,*
02
)E$phasis supplied+
Petitioners also invo6e the follo"in# provision of ection 00 of Republic Act No. 1450;
*ec. 00. Nu$ber of Part%-7ist Representatives. - (he part%-list representatives shall
constitute t"ent% per centu$ ),CH+ of the total nu$ber of the $e$bers of the
'ouse of Representatives includin# those under the part%-list. 888*
04
Accordin# to the olicitor FeneralEs Consolidated Co$$ent,
,C
at the ti$e petitioners
/led the instant petitions the 'ouse had ,,C $e$bers, 05 of "ho$ "ere part%-list
representatives, constitutin# A.-A-AH of the 'ouse. !f the re$ainin# ,CA district
representatives aGliated "ith di<erent political parties, 0:0 belon#ed to 7AMP
)A2.A-:5H+, -A belon#ed to 7A>A )0A.-A-AH+, 0- to the 7iberal Part% ):.4C4CH+, 0
$e$ber )C.5:5:H+ each to >B7, PDR7M, A6s%on De$o6rati6o, Repor$a and PR!MDI,
and 0 representative "as an independent.
In their Repl% to Consolidated Co$$ent,
,0
petitioners alle#ed that, follo"in# the
olicitor FeneralEs co$putation, the 7P and 7A>A "ere over-represented in the
'RE( and the CA. Petitioners particularl% assail the presence of one 7P representative
each in the 'RE( and the CA, and $aintain that the 7P representatives should be
ousted and replaced "ith no$inees of the 05 part%-list representatives.
The Issues
Petitioners raise the follo"in# issues;
0. I'E('ER ('E PREEN( C!MP!I(I!N !9 ('E '!JE E7EC(!RA7 (RIBJNA7
3I!7A(E ('E C!N(I(J(I!NA7 REDJIREMEN( !9 PR!P!R(I!NA7 REPREEN(A(I!N
BECAJE ('ERE ARE N! PAR(?-7I( REPREEN(A(I3E IN ('E 'RE(.
,. I'E('ER ('E PREEN( MEMBER'IP !9 ('E '!JE IN ('E C!MMII!N !N
APP!IN(MEN( 3I!7A(E ('E C!N(I(J(I!NA7 REDJIREMEN( !9 PR!P!R(I!NA7
REPREEN(A(I!N BECAJE ('ERE ARE N! PAR(?-7I( REPREEN(A(I3E IN ('E CA.
-. I'E('ER ('E RE9JA7 !9 ('E 'RE( AND ('E CA (! REC!N(I(J(E
('EME73E (! INC7JDE PAR(?-7I( REPREEN(A(I3E C!N(I(J(E FRA3E ABJE
!9 DICRE(I!N.
!n the other hand, the olicitor Feneral ar#ues that the instant petitions are
procedurall% defective and substantiall% lac6in# in $erit for havin# been /ledE
pre$aturel%, thus;
*It is a #enerall% accepted principle that the aver$ents in the pleadin# deter$ine the
e8istence of a cause of action. In the instant petitions, petitioners failed to aver that
the% or an% one of the$ "as elected b% a part% or or#ani.ation re#istered under the
part%-list s%ste$ as a Me$ber of the 'RE( or CA to represent said part% or
or#ani.ation under the part%-list s%ste$ of the 'ouse of Representatives.*
,,
(he Rulin# of the Court
Petitioners ur#e the Court to rule on the issues raised in the petitions under revie",
citin# the follo"in# pronounce$ent in Fuin#ona Br. v. Fon.ales ;
,-
*Ihere constitutional issues are properl% raised in the conte8t of the alle#ed facts,
procedural @uestions ac@uire a relativel% $inor si#ni/cance, and the transcendental
i$portance to the public of the case de$ands that the% be settled pro$ptl% and
de/nitel% brushin# aside 888 technicalities of procedure.*
PetitionersE reliance on Fuin#ona, Br. v. Fon.ales is $isplaced. (he *procedural
@uestions* that petitioners "ant the Court to brush aside are not $ere technicalities
but substantive $atters that are speci/call% provided for in the constitutional
provisions cited b% petitioners.
T.e Co&-,+,5,+o& e67re--/0 8r%&,- ,o ,.e (o5-e o9
Re7re-e&,%,+ve- ,.e 7rero8%,+ve, :+,.+& ;o&-,+,5,+o&%//0
'e<&e' /+m+,-, ,o ;.oo-e 9rom %mo&8 +,- '+-,r+;, %&' 7%r,02/+-,
re7re-e&,%,+ve- ,.o-e :.o m%0 o;;570 ,.e -e%,- %//o,,e' ,o
,.e (o5-e +& ,.e (RET %&' ,.e CA. ection 02, Article 3I of the
Constitution
,5
e8plicitl% confers on the enate and on the 'ouse the authorit% to elect
a$on# their $e$bers those "ho "ould /ll the 0, seats for enators and 0, seats for
'ouse $e$bers in the Co$$ission on Appoint$ents. Jnder ection 01, Article 3I of
the Constitution,
,:
each cha$ber of Con#ress e8ercises the po"er to choose, "ithin
constitutionall% de/ned li$its, "ho a$on# their $e$bers "ould occup% the allotted
A seats of each cha$berEs respective electoral tribunal.
(hese constitutional provisions are reiterated in Rules - and 5 )a+ of the 0442 Rules of
the 'ouse of Representatives Electoral (ribunal, to "it;
*Rule -. Co$position. - (he (ribunal shall be co$posed of nine Me$bers, three of
"ho$ shall be Bustices of the upre$e Court to be desi#nated b% the Chief Bustice,
and the re$ainin# si8 shall be Me$bers of the 'ouse of Representatives "ho shall be
chosen on the basis of proportional representation fro$ the political parties and the
parties or or#ani.ations re#istered under the part%-list s%ste$ represented therein.
(he enior Bustice in the (ribunal shall be its Chair$an.
Rule 5. !r#ani.ation. - )a+ Jpon the desi#nation of the Bustices of the upre$e Court
and the election of the Me$bers of the 'ouse of Representatives "ho are to co$pose
the 'ouse of Representatives Electoral (ribunal pursuant to ections 01 and 04 of
Article 3I of the Constitution, the (ribunal shall $eet for its or#ani.ation and adoption
of such resolutions as it $a% dee$ proper.* )E$phasis supplied+
7i6e"ise, ection 0 of the Rules of the Co$$ission on Appoint$ents provides;
*ection 0. Co$position of the Co$$ission !n Appoint$ents. Iithin thirt% )-C+ da%s
after both 'ouses of Con#ress shall have or#ani.ed the$selves "ith the election of
the enate President and the pea6er of the 'ouse of Representatives, the
Co$$ission on Appoint$ents shall be constituted. It shall be co$posed of t"elve
)0,+ enators and t"elve )0,+ $e$bers of the 'ouse of Representatives, elected b%
each 'ouse on the basis of proportional representation fro$ the political parties and
parties or or#ani.ations re#istered under the part%-list s%ste$ represented herein.
)E$phasis supplied+
(hus, even assu$in# that part%-list representatives co$prise a suGcient nu$ber and
have a#reed to desi#nate co$$on no$inees to the 'RE( and the CA, their pri$ar%
recourse clearl% rests "ith the 'ouse of Representatives and not "ith this Court.
Jnder ections 01 and 02, Article 3I of the Constitution, part%-list representatives
$ust /rst sho" to the 'ouse that the% possess the re@uired nu$erical stren#th to be
entitled to seats in the 'RE( and the CA. !nl% if the 'ouse fails to co$pl% "ith the
directive of the Constitution on proportional representation of political parties in the
'RE( and the CA can the part%-list representatives see6 recourse to this Court under
its po"er of &udicial revie". U&'er ,.e 'o;,r+&e o9 7r+m%r0 =5r+-'+;,+o&,
7r+or re;o5r-e ,o ,.e (o5-e +- &e;e--%r0 be9ore 7e,+,+o&er-
m%0 br+&8 ,.e +&-,%&, ;%-e ,o ,.e ;o5r,. Conse@uentl%, petitionersE
direct recourse to this Court is pre$ature.
T.e '+-;re,+o& o9 ,.e (o5-e ,o ;.oo-e +,- member- ,o ,.e (RET
%&' ,.e CA +- &o, %b-o/5,e, be+&8 -5b=e;, ,o ,.e m%&'%,or0
;o&-,+,5,+o&%/ r5/e o& 7ro7or,+o&%/ re7re-e&,%,+o&.
,A
'o"ever,
under the doctrine of separation of po"ers, the Court $a% not interfere "ith the
e8ercise b% the 'ouse of this constitutionall% $andated dut%, absent a clear violation
of the Constitution or #rave abuse of discretion a$ountin# to lac6 or e8cess of
&urisdiction.
,1
!ther"ise, Ethe doctrine of separation of po"ers calls for each branch
of #overn$ent to be left alone to dischar#e its duties as it sees /t.
,2
Neither can the
Court speculate on "hat action the 'ouse $a% ta6e if part%-list representatives are
dul% no$inated for $e$bership in the 'RE( and the CA.
(he instant petitions are bereft of an% alle#ation that respondents prevented the
part%-list #roups in the 'ouse fro$ participatin# in the election of $e$bers of the
'RE( and the CA. Neither does it appear that after the Ma% 00, 0442 elections, the
'ouse barred the part%-list representatives fro$ see6in# $e$bership in the 'RE( or
the CA. Rather, it appears fro$ the available facts that the part%-list #roups in the
'ouse at that ti$e si$pl% refrained fro$ participatin# in the election process. (he
part%-list representatives did not desi#nate their no$inees even up to the ti$e the%
/led the instant petitions, "ith the predictable result that the 'ouse did not consider
an% part%-list representative for election to the 'RE( or the CA. As the pri$ar%
recourse of the part%-list representatives lies "ith the 'ouse of Representatives,
Ethe Court cannot resolve the issues presented b% petitioners at this ti$e.
Moreover, it is a "ell-settled rule that a constitutional @uestion "ill not be heard and
resolved b% the courts unless the follo"in# re@uire$ents of &udicial in@uir% concur; )0+
there $ust be an actual controvers%K ),+ the person or part% raisin# the constitutional
issue $ust have a personal and substantial interest in the resolution of the
controvers%K )-+ the controvers% $ust be raised at the earliest reasonable
opportunit%K and )5+ the resolution of the constitutional issue $ust be indispensable
to the /nal deter$ination of the controvers%.
,4
(he /ve part%-list representatives "ho are petitioners in the instant case have not
alle#ed that the% are entitled to, and have been unla"full% deprived of, seats in the
'RE( or the CA. Neither have the% clai$ed that the% have been no$inated b% the
part%-list #roups in the 'ouse to the 'RE( or the CA. As such, the% do not possess
the personal and substantial interest re@uired to confer the$ "ith locus standi. (he
part% raisin# the constitutional issue $ust have *such personal sta6e in the outco$e
of the controvers% as to assure that concrete adverseness "hich sharpens the
presentation of issues upon "hich the court depends for illu$ination of diGcult
constitutional @uestions.*
-C
Ie li6e"ise /nd no #rave abuse in the action or lac6 of action b% the 'RE( and the
CA in response to the letters of enator Pi$entel. U&'er Se;,+o&- 1> %&' 18
o9 Ar,+;/e I o9 ,.e 198> Co&-,+,5,+o& %&' ,.e+r +&,er&%/ r5/e-,
,.e (RET %&' ,.e CA %re bere9, o9 %&0 7o:er ,o re;o&-,+,5,e
,.em-e/ve-.
9inall%, the issues raised in the petitions have been rendered acade$ic b%
subse@uent events. !n Ma% 05, ,CC0, a ne" set of district and part%-list
representatives "ere elected to the 'ouse. (he Court cannot no" resolve the issue of
proportional representation in the 'RE( and the CA based on the *present
co$position* of the 'ouse of Representatives as presented b% petitioners and the
olicitor Feneral. Iith the Ma% 05, ,CC0 elections, it is certain that the co$position
of the 'ouse has chan#ed. In the absence of a proper petition assailin# the present
co$position of the 'RE( and the CA, the instant petitions $ust fail. !ther"ise, for
the Court to rule on the instant petitions at this ti$e "ould be tanta$ount to
renderin# an advisor% opinion, "hich is outside our &urisdiction.
-0
3(ERE)ORE, the consolidated petitions for prohibition and $anda$us are
DIMIED.
! !RDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Bellosillo, Puno, Panganiban, Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, Sandoval-
Gutierre, Corona, Car!io-"orales, Calle#o, Sr., and $%una, JJ., %on%ur.&itug and
"endoa, J., no !art' a res!ondent in G.(. )o. *+*+,-.$ustria-"artine,J., on leave.
)oo,&o,e-
0
Erroneousl% cited in petitionersE Petition for Prohibition, Manda$us and Preli$inar%
In&unction, Rollo of F.R. No. 050524, p. -, as *DIDAFEN D. BJEER*.
,
Doc6eted as F.R. No. 050524.
-
Doc6eted as F.R. N!. 05054C.
5
ection , of Republic Act No. 1450, *An Act Providin# 9or the Election !f Part%-7ist
Representatives (hrou#h (he Part%-7ist %ste$, and Appropriatin# 9unds (herefor*
)044:+.
:
Erroneousl% cited in petitionersE A$ended Petitions as *Association of Philippine
Cooperatives*.
A
0421 Constitution, Article 3I, ection 04 states in part;
*ec. 04. (he Electoral (ribunals and the Co$$ission on Appoint$ents shall be
constituted "ithin thirt% da%s after the enate and 'ouse of Representatives shall
have been or#ani.ed "ith the election of the President and the pea6er. 888*
1
Rollo of F.R. No. 050524, p. -5, and Rollo of F.R. No. 05054C, p. 5A.
2
Rollo, of F.R. No. 05054C, p. 02.
4
Rollo, of F.R. No. 050524, p. 0:.
0C
Ibid., p. :A.
00
Ibid., p. :2.
0,
Ibid., p. -.
0-
Rollo of F.R. No. 05054C, p. -.
05
Rollo of F.R. No. 050524, p. ,A.
0:
Rollo of F.R. No. 05054C, p. -,.
0A
Ibid., p. ,0.
01
Ibid., p. ,-K Rollo of F.R. No. 050524, p. 02.
02
0421 Constitution, Article 3I, ections 01 and 02.
04
R.A. No. 1450, supra, see note 5.
,C
upra, see note 1.
,0
Rollo of F.R. No. 050524, p. AC, and Rollo of F.R. No. 05054C, p. 10.
,,
upra, see note 1.
,-
,05 CRA 124 )044,+.
,5
upra, see note 02.
,:
Ibid.
,A
Fuin#ona, Br. vs. Fon.ales, ,04 CRA -,A )044-+K Da.a vs. in#son, 02C CRA 54A
)0424+.
,1
ection 0, Article 3III of the 0421 Constitution.
,2
Fuin#ona, Br. vs. CA, ,4, CRA 5C, )0442+.
,4
Inte#rated Bar of the Philippines v. La$ora, --2 CRA 20 ),CCC+K Board of
!pto$etr% v. Colet, ,AC CRA 22 )044A+K 9ernande. v. (orres, ,0: CRA 524 )044,+K
Farcia v. E8ecutive ecretar%, ,C5 CRA :0A )0440+K People v. 3era, A: Phil. :A
)04-1+.
-C
Inte#rated Bar of the Philippines v. La$ora, supra.
-0
upra, see note ,2.