This document provides instructions for conducting laboratory experiments to determine the liquid limit and plastic limit of a cohesive soil sample. The liquid limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil passes from a liquid to a plastic state, as indicated by a specific number of blows on a Casagrande device. The plastic limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil thread crumbles when rolled to a diameter of 3.2 mm. The procedures describe preparing and testing soil samples to obtain moisture content measurements and calculate the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index.
Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants
A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines
This document provides instructions for conducting laboratory experiments to determine the liquid limit and plastic limit of a cohesive soil sample. The liquid limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil passes from a liquid to a plastic state, as indicated by a specific number of blows on a Casagrande device. The plastic limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil thread crumbles when rolled to a diameter of 3.2 mm. The procedures describe preparing and testing soil samples to obtain moisture content measurements and calculate the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index.
This document provides instructions for conducting laboratory experiments to determine the liquid limit and plastic limit of a cohesive soil sample. The liquid limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil passes from a liquid to a plastic state, as indicated by a specific number of blows on a Casagrande device. The plastic limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil thread crumbles when rolled to a diameter of 3.2 mm. The procedures describe preparing and testing soil samples to obtain moisture content measurements and calculate the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index.
This document provides instructions for conducting laboratory experiments to determine the liquid limit and plastic limit of a cohesive soil sample. The liquid limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil passes from a liquid to a plastic state, as indicated by a specific number of blows on a Casagrande device. The plastic limit is defined as the moisture content at which a soil thread crumbles when rolled to a diameter of 3.2 mm. The procedures describe preparing and testing soil samples to obtain moisture content measurements and calculate the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index.
CE 345: Soil Mechanic !ntr"ctor: Dr# $eorge Mylonaki LAB EXPERIMENT #2: LIQUID LIMIT AND PLASTIC LIMIT LIQUID LIMIT TEST Introduction %hen a coheive oil i mi&e' with an e&ceive amo"nt of water( it will )e in a li*"i' tate an' flow like a vico" li*"i'# %hen the vico" li*"i' 'rie gra'"ally '"e to lo of moit"re( it will pa into a platic tate# %ith f"rther lo of moit"re( the oil will pa into a platic tate# %ith even f"rther re'"ction of moit"re( the oil will pa into a emi+oli' an' then into a oli' tate# The moit"re content( w( ,-. at which the coheive oil will pa from a li*"i' tate to a platic tate i calle' the liquid limit of the oil# Similarly( platic limit an' hrinkage limit can )e e&plaine'# Thee limit are calle' /tter)erg limit# Attr!r" Limit# Moit"re content increaing Soli' Semioli' 0latic 1i*"i' Shrinkage 1imit ,S1. 0latic 1imit ,01. 1i*"i' 1imit ,11. Equi$mnt 2# Caagran'e li*"i' limit 'evice 3# $rooving tool 3# Moit"re can 4# 0orcelain evaporating 'ih 5# Spat"la 4# 5ven 6# 7alance enitive "p to 8#82g 9# 0latic *"ee:e )ottle ;# 0aper towel 29 344945554#'oc Procdur 3# Determine the ma of moit"re can ,%&.# 3# 0"t 358g of air+'ry oil( pae' thro"gh No# 48 ieve into an evaporating 'ih# /'' water an' mi& the oil to the form of a "niform pate# 4# 0lace ome oil pate into the li*"i' limit 'evice# Smooth the "rface with a pat"la "ch that ma&im"m 'epth i 9 mm# 5# <ing the grooving tool( c"t a groove along the centerline of the oil pat# 4# T"rn the crank at the rate of 3 rev# = econ'# Co"nt the n"m)er of )low ,N. for the groove in the oil to cloe thro"gh a 'itance of > in# !f N ? 35+35( collect a moit"re ample from the c"p to a moit"re can an' 'etermine the ma ,%2.# 6# !f N @ 35( place the oil )ack to the evaporating 'ih an' clean the 'evice# Stir the oil ,to 'ry it "p. with pat"la# Then re'o tep 3( 4 an' 5# 9# Aemove the oil from the c"p of 11 'evice an' clean it caref"lly# ;# /'' more water to the oil pate in the evaporating 'ih an' mi& well# Aepeat tep 3( 4 an' 5 to get N ? 38+35# Take a moit"re ample from the c"p# Clean the 11 'evice# 28# /'' more water to the oil pate in the evaporating 'ih an' mi& well# Aepeat tep 3( 4 an' 5 to get N ? 25+38# Take a moit"re ample from the c"p# Clean the 11 'evice# 22# 0"t three moit"re can in the oven to 'ry to contant ma ,%'.# C(lcul(tion 2# Calc"late ma of can( %& ,g. 3# Calc"late ma of can B moit oil( %2 ,g. 3# Calc"late ma of can B 'ry oil( %' ,g. 4# Determine the moit"re content for each of the three trial a ,%2 + %'. & 288 w ,-. ? ,%' + %&. )r($* 0lot a emi+log graph )etween w ,-. ,arithmetic cale. v# N ,log cale.# !t ho"l' )e a traight line( which i calle' the flow c"rve# Crom the traight line( 'etermine the moit"re content w ,-. correpon'ing to 35 )low# Thi i the liquid limit +LL, of the oil# The magnit"'e of the lope of the flow line i calle' the -lo. ind/ +0I,# w& ,-. + w2 ,-. 0I ? log N2 + log N& 2; 344945554#'oc PLASTIC LIMIT TEST Introduction 0latic limit i 'efine' a the moit"re content( in percent( at which a coheive oil will change from a platic tate to a emioli' tate# !n the la)# the platic limit i 'efine' a the moit"re content ,-. at which a threa' of oil will D"t cr"m)le when rolle' to a 'iameter of 2=9 in# ,3#29 mm.# Equi$mnt 2# Moit"re can 3# 0orcelain evaporating 'ih 3# Spat"la 4# $ro"n' gla plate 5# 7alance enitive "p to 8#82 g 4# 0latic *"ee:e )ottle 6# 5ven Procdur 2# 0"t 38g of air+'ry oil( pae' thro"gh No# 48 ieve into an evaporating 'ih# 3# /'' water an' mi& the oil thoro"ghly# 3# Determine the ma of moit"re can ,%&.# 4# Crom the moit oil prepare' in tep 3( prepare everal ellipoi'al+hape' oil mae )y *"ee:ing the oil with finger# 5# Take one of the ellipoi'al+hape' oil mae an' roll it on a gro"n' gla plate "ing the palm of the han'# The rolling ho"l' )e 'one at the rate of 98 troke=min# Note that one complete )ackwar' an' one complete forwar' motion of the palm contit"te a troke# 4# %hen threa' of oil reache 2=9E in 'iameter( )reak it "p in to everal mall piece an' *"ee:e it to form an ellipoi'al ma again# 6# Aepeat tep 5 an' 4 "ntil the threa' cr"m)le into everal piece when ' ? 2=9E# 9# Collect the mall cr"m)le' piece into the moit"re can an' p"t the cover on the can# ;# Take the other ellipoi'al oil mae forme' in tep 4 an' repeat tep 5 thro"gh 9# 28# Determine the ma of moit"re can pl" wet oil ,%2.# 22# 0lace moit"re can into the oven to 'ry to contant ma ,%'.# 38 344945554#'oc C(lcul(tion# 2# Calc"late ma of can ( %& ,g. 3# Calc"late ma of can B moit oil( %2 ,g. 3# Calc"late ma of can B 'ry oil( %' ,g. 4# Calc"late platic limit ,%2 + %'. & 288 PL ? %' + %& 5# Calc"late platicity in'e&( PI ? LL F PL1 32 344945554#'oc DATA S2EET: Liquid (nd Pl(#tic Limit Decription of oil: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Sample No#: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 1ocation: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Tete' )y: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Date: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG LIQUID LIMIT TEST Tet No# 2 3 3 Can No# Ma of can ( %&,g. Ma of can B moit oil( %2 ,g. Ma of can B 'ry oil( %' ,g. ,%2 + %'. & 288 w,-. ? %' + %& No# of )low( N LL ? GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 0I ? GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG PLASTIC LIMIT TEST Can No# Ma of can ( %&,g. Ma of can B moit oil( %2 ,g. Ma of can B 'ry oil( %' ,g. PL ? ,%2 + %'. & 288= ,%' + %&. PI ? ,LL + PL. 33 344945554#'oc
Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants
A Practice Treatise Setting Forth the Principles of Gas-Engines and Producer Design, the Selection and Installation of an Engine, Conditions of Perfect Operation, Producer-Gas Engines and Their Possibilities, the Care of Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants, with a Chapter on Volatile Hydrocarbon and Oil Engines