ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

QUESTION 1

ANSWER:

(a) Quadratic equation: x
2
(sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0
x
2
+ 4(3x+k) = 0
x
2
+ 12x + 4k = 0

Sum of roots: p + 2p = -12
3p = -12
p = -4

Product of roots: p(2p) = 4k
2p
2
= 4k
2(-4)
2
= 4k
32 = 4k
k = 32/4 = 8

(b) Sum of roots: (p 1) + (p + 6)
= (-4 1) + (-4 + 6)
= -5 + 2
= -3

Product of roots: (p 1)(p + 6)
= (-4 1)(-4 + 6)
= -5 x 2 = -10

Quadratic equation: x
2
(sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0
x
2
(-3)x + (-10) = 0
x
2
+ 3x 10 = 0


QUESTION 2


ANSWER:

(a) y = x
3
6x
2
+ 9x + 1
The gradient of the curve at A (2,3)
dy/dx = 3x
2
-12x + 9
When x = 2,
dy/dx = 3(2)
2
12(2) + 9
= -3
Hence, the gradient of the curve at A is -3.

(b) Gradient of the normal is

y = f(x) = x
3
6x
2
+ 9x + 1
dy/dx = f(x) = 3x
2
-12x + 9
At point A (2,3), when x = 2
dy/dx = f(x) = 3(2)
2
-12(2) + 9 = -3

Gradient of the normal, m =

Equation of the normal at point A (2,3) is
y y
1
= m (x x
1
)
y 3 =

(x 2)
y =

x +

(c) y = x
3
6x
2
+ 9x + 1
dy/dx = 3x
2
-12x + 9 d
2
y/dx
2
= 6x -12
At turning points, dy/dx = 0
When dy/dx = 0
3x
2
-12x + 9 = 0
(x 3) (x 1) = 0
x = 3 or 1

When x = 1
y = (1)
3
6(1)
2
+ 9(1) + 1
= 5
So, (1,5) is the turning point and the coordinate of Q.

When x = 1, y = 5
d
2
y/dx
2
= 6x -12 = 6(1) 12 = -6 (negative)

Hence, the turning point Q (1,5) is a maximum point.




















QUESTION 3




ANSWER:
Q
(a)
16 cm
10 cm 8 cm


O R
10 cm 10 cm
Based on the diagram shown above,
cos = 8 cm / 10 cm


cos = 4/5
= 0.6435 rad 0.644 (correct to 3 decimal places)


(b) Perimeter of the shaded region
= RP + Arc PQ + QR Arc PQ, s = r
= 6 cm + 16 cm (0.644) + 10 cm
= 26.30 cm


(c) Area of the shaded region
= Area of sector OPQ Area of ORQ
= (16
2
) (0.644) (16) (6)
= 34.37 cm
2




QUESTION 4



ANSWER:

(a) The straight line PQ is perpendicular to the straight line PS
So, m
PQ
x m
PS
= -1
m
PQ
=

m
PQ
x m
PS
= -1
x m
PS
= -1
m
PS
= -2

Hence, the equation of the straight line PS, where P (1,6)
y y
1
= m (x x
1
)
y 6 = -2 (x 1)
y = -2x + 8

(b) The straight line of PS is intersects the straight line RS at point S.
Equation of straight line PS:
y = -2x + 8
Equation of straight line RS:
7x 2y = 39
y = 7/2 x 39/2
By using simultaneous equation,
y = -2x + 8 --------------- eq. (1)
y = 7/2 x 39/2 -------------- eq. (2)?0
Eq. (1) Eq. (2)
y y = (-2x 7/2x) + (8 (-39/2))
0 = -11/2x + 55/2
11/2x = 55/2
x = 5
When x = 5
y = -2(5) + 8 = -2

The coordinate of S is (5, -2)


(c) Coordinate of T : (

)
= (

)
= (

)
= (2, 4)

(d) The area of quadrilateral is positive if the vertices are arranged in the anticlockwise
order.

Area of quadrilateral PSRQ =

|


| = 30 unit
2


= | (28 + 5y + 8x) (38 2x + 5y) | = 60
= 10x = 70
= x = 7
Point R lies on the straight line RS with the equation 7x 2y = 39
When x = 7,
7(7) 2y = 39
y = 5
The coordinate of R is (7,5).
















QUESTION 5





ANSWER:

(a) (i) Area of ABC = 28 cm
2

(9 cm) (BC) sin 34 = 28 cm
2

BC =

= 11.13 cm

(ii) Length of AC
AC
2
= 9
2
+ 11.13
2
- 2(9)(11.13) cos 34
AC = 6.228 cm


(iii) Angle of ACB

sin ACB =

ACB = 53.91

(b) (i)


Based on the given infromation AC = AC, draw a perpendicular line to BC.
A

6.228 cm
53.91
C Y C
CC = 2 YC
YC = 6.228 (cos 53.91)
CC = 2 x [6.228 (cos 53.91)
= 7.337 cm
BC = 11.13 7.337 cm = 3.793 cm
A

9 cm 6.228 cm
5.03 cm

34 53.91
B 3.79 cm C 3.67 cm Y 3.67 cm C

(ii) Area of ABC
= (9) (3.793) sin 34
= 9.545 cm
2