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Problem7 Final With Results PDF
Problem7 Final With Results PDF
r
2
= F
2
r cos . From
the equilibrium of vertical forces well nd 2F
1
+2F
2
= mg. The equations give together F
1
=
mg
2
2 cos
1+2 cos
and F
2
=
mg
2
1
1+2 cos
.
The friction forces at the respective contact points are S
1
= F
1
and S
2
= F
2
in magnitude and
their directions are opposite to the relative velocities of the rail and the ring. Let u be the velocity of
the centre of the ring and its angular velocity (positive if clockwise): for being short, let r = w.
Using this notation, the relative velocity vectors in contact points C
1
and C
2
are respectively v
1
=
(wsin , u + wcos v) and v
2
= (
3
2
w, u
w
2
), therefore the sines and cosines of the angles and
(which turn up at points C
1
and C
4
as well due to symmetry) are
sin =
wsin
|v
1
|
w
|v u w|
; cos =
1 sin
2
1
w
2
2
2(v u w)
2
;
cos =
2u w
2
u
2
+w
2
uw
; sin =
3w
2
u
2
+w
2
uw
.
If we take the unit of force to be mg/2(1 +2 cos ), the respective friction forces, which will govern the
motion are
S
1
= 2 cos 2
2
; S
2
= 1.
Now were going to write down equations for the dynamic equilibrium, i.e. for the total force and
torque to be zero. The y-directed force components cancel each other out railwise; the equilibrium of the
x-directed force components and the torques give:
F
x
: 2S
2
cos 2S
1
cos ;
: 2S
1
sin sin 2S
1
cos cos + 2S
2
sin sin 2S
2
cos cos 0
Doing the second-order expansion and rearranging for 0 gives these forms of the equations:
1 +
w 2u
u
2
+w
2
uw
+
w 2u
2
u
2
+w
2
uw
w
2
2(v u w)
2
2
0;
2w u
u
2
+w
2
uw
1 +
u 2w
2
u
2
+w
2
uw
+
1
2
+
w
|v u w|
+
w
2
2(v u w)
2
2
0.
Since these equations are too dicult to solve straightforwardly, well rst solve the equations given by
the zeroth-order terms: since they contain only u and w, well get a system of equations for them. It is
easy to see that the solution of the equation is u = w which is however arbitrary. As this equality is true
for the zeroth order only, we may say that w u +x
2
(there shouldnt be any rst-order terms as the
equations have no such terms as well).
Substituting this into the equations well get the following equations for the second order terms
(zeroth-order terms will be cancelled out by the substitution itself):
3
2
x
u
1
2
u
2
(v 2u)
2
+
1
2
= 0;
3
2
x
u
+
u
|v 2u|
+
1
2
u
2
(v 2u)
2
= 0.
The only solution of this system of equations is u =
3
3
6
v and x =
1
3
12
v. The requested velocity
is therefore
3
3
6
v.
2
Problem 7 Oliver Edtmair
The ring (radius R) moves with a velocity
vertical force acted from the ring on the rail in the touching point)
The total torque exerted on the ring is 0.
(index 1 point where the ring touches the moving rail
index 2 point where the ring touches the rail at rest)
Relative velocities and friction forces:
and
.
This gives an equation for
Lines are drawn through the friction force vectors. The lines through both the two
friction force vectors on the left hand side (
) cross each other on the horizontal line through the centre of the
ring in the sketch. The two friction forces on the left side (
) must not
exert a torque on the ring in this coordinate system. Therefore, the four lines through
the four friction force vectors cross at one single point on the horizontal line through the
centre of the ring.
The total force parallel to the rails exerted on the ring is 0. Thus
Using the sketch,
and
()
Rearranging this equation gives
[()
()
( ) ()
[ ( )
]
()
, ( )
is of the order of magnitude of
The centre of the ring moves with a velocity
in the direction of .