MASTERMINDZ

NUMBERS
IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
I..Numeral : In Hindu Arabic system, we use ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
called digits to re!resent any number"
A #rou! o$ di#its, denotin# a number is called a numeral.
%e re!resent a number, say 68745132 as s&own below :
'en
(rores
)10
8
*

(rore
s)10
7
*
'en +acs
),illions
* )10
6
*
+acs)
10
5
*
'en
'&ous
ands
)10
4
*
'&ous
ands
)10
3
*
Hundr
eds
)10
2
*
'en
s)1
0
1
*
-ni
ts)1
0
0
*
6 8 9 7 4 5 1 !
%e read it as : ./i0ty1ei#&t crores, ninety1se2en lacs, $orty1$i2e t&ousand, one &undred
and t&irty1two."
II Pla"e #alue $r L$"al #alue $% a D&'&( &) a Numeral :
In t&e abo2e numeral :
3lace 2alue o$ 2 is )2 0 1* 4 25 3lace 2alue o$ 3 is )3 0 10* 4 305
3lace 2alue o$ 1 is )1 0 100* 4 100 and so on"
3lace 2alue o$ 6 is 6 0 10
8
4 600000000
III.Fa"e #alue : '&e face value o$ a di#it in a numeral is t&e 2alue o$ t&e di#it itsel$
at w&ate2er !lace it may be" In t&e abo2e numeral, t&e $ace 2alue o$ 2 is 25 t&e $ace 2alue
o$ 3 is 3 and so on"
I#.T*PES OF NUMBERS
1.Na(ural Num+er, : (ountin# numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,""""" are called natural
numbers.
!.-.$le Num+er, : All countin# numbers to#et&er wit& 6ero $orm t&e set o$ whole
numbers. '&us,
(i) 0 is t&e only w&ole number w&ic& is not a natural number"
(ii) 72ery natural number is a w&ole number"
"I)(e'er, : All natural numbers, 0 and ne#ati2es o$ countin# numbers i.e.,
89, 1 3 , 1 2 , 1 1 , 0, 1, 2, 3,9"" : to#et&er $orm t&e set o$ inte#ers"
(i) P$,&(&/e I)(e'er, : 81, 2, 3, 4, 9"": is t&e set o$ all !ositi2e inte#ers"
(ii) Ne'a(&/e I)(e'er, : {- 1, 1 2, 1 3,9"": is t&e set o$ all ne#ati2e inte#ers"
(iii) N$)0P$,&(&/e a)1 N$)0Ne'a(&/e I)(e'er, : 0 is neit&er !ositi2e nor
ne#ati2e" /o, 80, 1, 2, 3,9": re!resents t&e set o$ non1ne#ati2e inte#ers, w&ile
80, 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 9"": re!resents t&e set o$ non1!ositi2e inte#ers"
4. E/e) Num+er, 2 A number di2isible by 2 is called an e2en number, e"#", 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,
etc"
5. O11 Num+er, 2 A number not di2isible by 2 is called an odd number" e"#", 1, 3, 5, 7,
, 11, etc"
6. Pr&me Num+er, 2 A number #reater t&an 1 is called a !rime number, i$ it &as e0actly
two $actors, namely 1 and t&e number itsel$"
3rime numbers u!to 100 are : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 1, 23, 2, 31, 37, 41, 43,
47, 53, 5, 61, 67, 71, 73, 7, 83, 8, 7"
MASTERMINDZ
3rime numbers ;reater t&an 100 : +et ! be a #i2en number #reater t&an 100" 'o $ind out
w&et&er it is !rime or not, we use t&e $ollowin# met&od :
<ind a w&ole number nearly #reater t&an t&e s=uare root o$ !" +et > ? @A!" 'est w&et&er !
is di2isible by any !rime number less t&an >" I$ yes, t&en ! is not !rime" Bt&erwise, ! is
!rime"
e"#,,%e &a2e to $ind w&et&er 11 is a !rime number or not" Cow, 14 ? D11"
3rime numbers less t&an 14 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13"
11 is not di2isible by any o$ t&em" /o, 11 is a !rime number"
7.C$m3$,&(e Num+er, 2 Cumbers #reater t&an 1 w&ic& are not !rime, are >nown as
com!osite numbers, e"#", 4, 6, 8, , 10, 12"
N$(e 2 )i* 1 is neit&er !rime nor com!osite"
)ii* 2 is t&e only e2en number w&ic& is !rime"
)iii* '&ere are 25 !rime numbers between 1 and 100"
8. C$03r&me, 2 'wo numbers a and b are said to be co1!rimes, i$ t&eir H"("<" is 1" e"#",
)2, 3*, )4, 5*, )7, *, )8, 11*, etc" are co1!rimes,
#.TESTS OF DI#ISIBILIT*
1. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 ! 2 A number is di2isible by 2, i$ its unit.s di#it is any o$ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8"
70" 8432 is di2isible by 2, w&ile 6535 is not"
!. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 2 A number is di2isible by 3, i$ t&e sum o$ its di#its is di2isible by 3"
E5.52482 is di2isible by 3, since sum o$ its di#its 4 )5 E E 2 E 4 E 8 E 2* 4 30, w&ic&
is di2isible by 3"
Fut, 86432 is not di2isible by 3, since sum o$ its di#its 4)8 E 6 E 4 E 3 E 2 E * 4 32,
w&ic& is not di2isible by 3"
. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 4 2 A number is di2isible by 4, i$ t&e number $ormed by t&e last two
di#its is di2isible by 4"
70" 82648 is di2isible by 4, since t&e number $ormed by t&e last two di#its is
48, w&ic& is di2isible by 4"
Fut, 74282 is not di2isible by 4, since t&e number $ormed by t&e last t2Go di#its is 82,
w&ic& is not di2isible by 4"
4. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 5 2 A number is di2isible by 5, i$ its unit.s di#it is eit&er 0 or 5" '&us,
20820 and 50345 are di2isible by 5, w&ile 3034 and 4046 are not"
5. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 6 2 A number is di2isible by 6, i$ it is di2isible by bot& 2 and 3" 70"
'&e number 35256 is clearly di2isible by 2"
/um o$ its di#its 4 )3 E 5 E 2 E 5 E 6* 4 21, w&ic& is di2isible by 3" '&us, 35256 is
di2isible by 2 as well as 3" Hence, 35256 is di2isible by 6"
6. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 8 2 A number is di2isible by 8, i$ t&e number $ormed by t&e last
t&ree di#its o$ t&e #i2en number is di2isible by 8"
70" 53360 is di2isible by 8, since t&e number $ormed by last t&ree di#its is 360, w&ic& is
di2isible by 8"
Fut, 52418 is not di2isible by 8, since t&e number $ormed by last t&ree di#its is 418,
w&ic& is not di2isible by 8"
7. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 9 : A number is di2isible by , i$ t&e sum o$ its di#its is di2isible
by "
70" 60732 is di2isible by , since sum o$ di#its @ )6 E 0 E 7 E 3 E 2* 4 18, w&ic& is
di2isible by "
Fut, 6856 is not di2isible by , since sum o$ di#its 4 )6 E 8 E E 5 E 6* 4 34, w&ic& is
MASTERMINDZ
not di2isible by "
8. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 16 2 A number is di2isible by 10, i$ it ends wit& 0"
70" 6410, 10480 are di2isible by 10, w&ile 6375 is not"
9. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 11 2 A number is di2isible by 11, i$ t&e di$$erence o$ t&e sum o$ its
di#its at odd !laces and t&e sum o$ its di#its at e2en !laces, is eit&er 0 or a number
di2isible by 11"
E5. '&e number 4832718 is di2isible by 11, since :
)sum o$ di#its at odd !laces* 1 )sum o$ di#its at e2en !laces*
)8 E 7 E 3 E 4* 1 )1 E 2 E 8* 4 11, w&ic& is di2isible by 11"
16. Hi2isibility Fy 12 5 A number is di2isible by 12, i$ it is di2isible by bot& 4 and
3"
E5. (onsider t&e number 34632"
)i* '&e number $ormed by last two di#its is 32, w&ic& is di2isible by 4,
)ii* /um o$ di#its 4 )3 E 4 E 6 E 3 E 2* 4 18, w&ic& is di2isible by 3" '&us, 34632 is
di2isible by 4 as well as 3" Hence, 34632 is di2isible by 12"
11" Hi2isibility Fy 14 : A number is di2isible by 14, i$ it is di2isible by 2 as well as 7"
1!. Hi2isibility Fy 15 : A number is di2isible by 15, i$ it is di2isible by bot& 3 and 5"
1. Hi2isibility Fy 16 : A number is di2isible by 16, i$ t&e number $ormed by t&e last4
di#its is di2isible by 16"
E5.757536 is di2isible by 16, since t&e number $ormed by t&e last $our di#its is 7536,
w&ic& is di2isible by 16"
14. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 !4 2 A #i2en number is di2isible by 24, i$ it is di2isible by bot&3 and
8"
15. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 46 2 A #i2en number is di2isible by 40, i$ it is di2isible by bot&
5 and 8"
16. D&/&,&+&l&(4 B4 86 2 A #i2en number is di2isible by 80, i$ it is di2isible by bot& 5 and
16"
N$(e 2 I$ a number is di2isible by ! as well as =, w&ere ! and = are co1!rimes, t&en t&e
#i2en number is di2isible by !="
I$ ! arid = are not co1!rimes, t&en t&e #i2en number need not be di2isible by !=,
e2en w&en it is di2isible by bot& ! and ="
E5. 36 is di2isible by bot& 4 and 6, but it is not di2isible by )406* 4 24, since
4 and 6 are not co1!rimes"
#I MULTIPLICATION B* S7ORT CUT MET7ODS
1. Mul(&3l&"a(&$) B4 D&,(r&+u(&/e L a8 2
)i* a 0 )b E c* 4 a 0 b E a 0 c )ii* a0)b1c* 4 a 0 b1a 0 c"
E5. )i* 56758 0 4 56758 0 )100000 1 1*
4 56758 0 100000 1 56758 0 1 4 )5675800000 1 56758* 4 5675232042" )ii* 78 0
184 E 78 0 816 4 78 0 )184 E 816* 4 78 0 1000 4 78000"
!. Mul(&3l&"a(&$) $% a Num+er B4 5
)
2 3ut n 6eros to t&e ri#&t o$ t&e multi!licand and
di2ide t&e number so $ormed by 2
n
MASTERMINDZ
70" 75436 0 625 4 75436 0 5
4
4 754360000 4 60647600
16
#II. BASIC FORMULAE
1" )a E b*
2
4 a
2
E b
2
E 2ab 2" )a 1 b*
2
4 a
2
E b
2
1 2ab
3" )a E b*
2
1 )a 1 b*
2
4 4ab 4" )a E b*
2
E )a 1 b*
2
4 2 )a
2
E b
2
*
5" )a
2
1 b
2
* 4 )a E b* )a 1 b*
6" )a E b E c*
2
4 a
2
E b
2
E c
2
E 2 )ab E bc E ca*
7" )a
3
E b
3
* 4 )a Eb* )a
2
1 ab E b
2
* 8" )a
3
1 b
3
* 4 )a 1 b* )a
2
E ab E b
2
*
" )a
3
E b
3
E c
3
13abc* 4 )a E b E c* )a
2
E b
2
E c
2
1 ab 1 bc 1 ca*
10" I$ a E b E c 4 0, t&en a
3
E b
3
E c
3
4 3abc"
#III. DI#ISION AL9ORIT7M OR EUCLIDEAN AL9ORIT7M
I$ we di2ide a #i2en number by anot&er number, t&en :
D&/&1e)1 : ;D&/&,$r 5 <u$(&e)(= > Rema&)1er
I?" 8i* )0
n
1 a
n
* is di2isible by )0 1 a* $or all 2alues o$ n"
)ii* )0
n
1 a
n
* is di2isible by )0 E a* $or all e2en 2alues o$ n"
)iii* )0
n
E a
n
* is di2isible by )0 E a* $or all odd 2alues o$ n"
?. PRO9RESSION
A succession o$ numbers $ormed and arran#ed in a de$inite order accordin# to certain
de$inite rule, is called a !ro#ression"
1. Ar&(.me(&" Pr$'re,,&$) ;A.P.= 2 I$ eac& term o$ a !ro#ression di$$ers $rom its
!recedin# term by a constant, t&en suc& a !ro#ression is called an arit&metical
!ro#ression" '&is constant di$$erence is called t&e common difference o$ t&e A"3"
An A"3" wit& $irst term a and common di$$erence d is #i2en by a, )a E d*, )a E 2d*,)a E
3d*,"""""
'&e )(. (erm $% (.&, A.P. &, '&/e) +4 T) :a ;) 0 1= 1.
T.e ,um $% ) (erm, $% (.&, A.P.
/n 4 nG2 I2a E )n 1 1* dJ 4 nG2 )$irst term E last term*"
SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS 2
)i* )1 E 2 E 3 E9" E n* 4n)nE1*G2
)ii* )l
2
E 2
2
E 3
2
E """ E n
2
* 4 n )nE1*)2nE1*G6
)iii* )1
3
E 2
3
E 3
3
E """ E n
3
* 4n
2
)nE1*
2
!. 9e$me(r&"al Pr$'re,,&$) ;9.P.= 2 A !ro#ression o$ numbers in w&ic& e2ery term
bears a constant ratio wit& its !recedin# term, is called a #eometrical !ro#ression"
'&e constant ratio is called t&e common ratio o$ t&e ;"3" A ;"3" wit& $irst term a and
common ratio r is :
a, ar, ar
2
,
In t&is ;"3" 'n 4 ar
n11
sum o$ t&e n terms, /n4 a)11r
n
*
)11r*
MASTERMINDZ
SOL#ED E?AMPLES
E5. 1. S&m3l&%4 2 ;&= 8888 > 888 > 88 > 8
;&&= 1199! 0 78! 0 456
S$l. i * 8888 ii* 112 1 7823 1 456 4 112 1 )7823 E 456*
888 4 112 1 827 4 37131
88 7823 112
E 8 E 456 1 827
872 827 3713
E5. !@ -.a( /alue 8&ll re3la"e (.e Aue,(&$) marB &) ea". $% (.e %$ll$8&)' eAua(&$), C
;&= C 0 196!48 : 16577 ;&&= 8597 0 C : 74!9 0 458
S$l. )i* +et 0 1 13624841635773"'&en, 0 4 1635773 E 13624843572021"
)ii* +et 857 1 0 4 742 1 4358"
'&en, 0 4 )857 E 4358* 1 742 4 1255 1 742 4 5526"
E5. . -.a( "$ul1 +e (.e ma5&mum /alue $% < &) (.e %$ll$8&)' eAua(&$)C 5P9
> R7 > !<8 : 1114
S$l. %e may analyse t&e #i2en e=uation as s&own : 1 2
(learly, 2 E 3 E K E L 4 ll" 5 3
/o, t&e ma0imum 2alue o$ L can be 3 K 7
)11 1 2* i"e", )w&en 3 4 0, K 4 0*5 2 L 8
11 1 4
E5. 4. S&m3l&%4 2 ;&= 579465 5 9999 ;&&= 89478 5 6!5
S$l.
i*57340504573405)1000011*4573405000015734054572825655"b
ii* 83478 0 625 4 83478 0 5
4
4 834780000 4 524673750"
16
E5. 5. E/alua(e 2 ;&= 986 5 !7 > 986 5 86 ;&&= 98 5 !67 0 98 5 167
S$l.
)i* 86 0 137 E 86 0 863 4 86 0 )137 E 863* 4 86 0 1000 4 86000"
)ii* 83 0 207 1 83 0 107 4 83 0 )207 1 107* 4 83 0 100 4 8300"
E5. 6. S&m3l&%4 2 ;&= 1665 5 1665 &&= 198 5 198
S$l.
i* 1605 0 1605 4 )1605*
2
4 )1600 E 5*
2
4 )1600*
2
E )5*
2
E 2 0 1600 0 5
4 2560000 E 25 E 16000 4 2576025"
)ii* 138 0 138 1 )138*
2
4 )1400 1 2*
2
4 )1400*
2
E )2*
2
1 2 0 1400 0 2
4160000 E 4 1 5600 4 154404"
MASTERMINDZ
E5. 7. E/alua(e 2 ;1 5 1 > !87 5 !87=.
S$l.
)a
2
E b
2
* 4 1G2 I)a E b*
2
E )a1 b*
2
J
)313*
2
E )287*
2
4 1G2 I)313 E 287*
2
E )313 1 287*
2
J 4 MI)600*
2
E )26*
2
J
4 1G2 )360000 E 676* 4 180338"
E5. 8. -.&". $% (.e %$ll$8&)' are 3r&me )um+er, C
;&= !41 ;&&= 7 ;7&= 91 ;&/= 571
S$l.
)i* (learly, 16 ? N241" 3rime numbers less t&an 16 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13"
241 is not di2isible by any one o$ t&em"
241 is a !rime number"

)ii* (learly, 1?N337" 3rime numbers less t&an 1 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,13,17"
337 is not di2isible by any one o$ t&em"
337 is a !rime number"
)iii* (learly, 20 ? N3lO" 3rime numbers less t&an 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 1"
%e $ind t&at 31 is di2isible by 17"
31 is not !rime"
)i2* (learly, 24 ? N57'" 3rime numbers less t&an 24 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 1, 23"
571 is not di2isible by any one o$ t&em"
571 is a !rime number"
E5. 9. F&)1 (.e u)&(D, 1&'&( &) (.e 3r$1u"( ;!467=16 5 ;41=7!.
S$l. (learly, unit.s di#it in t&e #i2en !roduct 4 unit.s di#it in 7
153
0 1
72
"
Cow, 74 #i2es unit di#it 1"
7
152
#i2es unit di#it 1,
7
153
#i2es unit di#it )l 0 7* 4 7" Also, 1
72
#i2es unit di#it 1"
Hence, unit.s di#it in t&e !roduct 4 )7 0 1* 4 7"
E5. 16. F&)1 (.e u)&(D, 1&'&( &) ;!64=
16!
> ;!64=
16
S$l. Ke=uired unit.s di#it 4 unit.s di#it in )4*
102
E )4*
103"
Cow, 4
2
#i2es unit di#it 6"
)4*
102
#i2es unAt di#it 6"
)4*103 #i2es unit di#it o$ t&e !roduct )6 0 4* i"e", 4"
Hence, unit.s di#it in )264*m E )264*103 4 unit.s di#it in )6 E 4* 4 0"
E5. 11. F&)1 (.e ($(al )um+er $% 3r&me %a"($r, &) (.e e53re,,&$) ;4=
11
5 ;7=
5
5 ;11=
!
.
S$l. )4*
11
0 )7*
5
0 )11*
2
4 )2 0 2*
11
0 )7*
5
0 )11*
2
4 2
11
0 2
11
07
5
0 11
2
4 2
22
0 7
5
011
2
'otal number o$ !rime $actors 4 )22 E 5 E 2* 4 2"
E5.1!. S&m3l&%4 2 ;&= 896 5 896 0 !64 5 !64
MASTERMINDZ
;&&= 87 5 87 > 114 5 114 > ! 5 87 5 114
;&&&= 81 ? 81 > 68 ? 680! 5 81 ? 68.
S$l.
)i* ;i2en e0! 4 )86*
2
1 )204*
2
4 )86 E 204* )86 1 204* 4 1100 0 62 4 761200"
)ii* ;i2en e0! 4 )387*
2
E )114*
2
E )2 0 3870 114*
4 a
2
E b
2
E 2ab, w&ere a 4 387,b4114
4 )aEb*
2
4 )387 E 114 *
2
4 )501*
2
4 251001"
)iii* ;i2en e0! 4 )81*
2
E )68*
2
P 20 81 0 68 4 a
2
E b
2
P 2ab,%&ere a 481,b468
4 )a1b*
2
4 )81 P68*
2
4 )13*
2 4 16"
E5.1. -.&". $% (.e %$ll$8&)' )um+er, &, 1&/&,&+le +4 C
;&= 541!6 ;&&= 596761
S$l.
)i* /um o$ di#its in 541326 4 )5 E 4 E 1 E 3 E 2 E 6* 4 21, w&ic& is di2isible by 3"
Hence, 541326 is di2isible by 3"
)ii* /um o$ di#its in 567013 4)5E E 6 E 7 E 0E1 E3* 4 31, w&ic& is not di2isible by 3"
Hence, 567013 is not di2isible by 3"
E5.14.-.a( lea,( /alue mu,( +e a,,&')e1 ($ E ,$ (.a( (.e )um+er 197E546! &, r 9 C
S$l.
+et t&e missin# di#it be 0"
/um o$ di#its 4 )1 E E 7 E 0 E 5 E 4 E 6 EQ2* 4 )34 E 0*"
<or )34 E 0* to be di2isible by , 0 must be re!laced by 2 "
Hence, t&e di#it in !lace o$ @ must be 2"
E5. 15. -.&". $% (.e %$ll$8&)' )um+er, &, 1&/&,&+le +4 4 C
;&= 679!6594 ;&&= 6187657!
S$l.
)i* '&e number $ormed by t&e last two di#its in t&e #i2en number is 4, w&ic& is not
di2isible by 4"
Hence, 672054 is not di2isible by 4"
)ii* '&e number $ormed by t&e last two di#its in t&e #i2en number is 72, w&ic& is
di2isible by 4"
Hence, 618703572 is di2isible by 4"
E5. 16. -.&". 1&'&(, ,.$ul1 "$me &) 3la"e $% E a)1 F &% (.e )um+er 6!684EF &,
1&/&,&+le +4 +$(. 8 a)1 5 C
MASTERMINDZ
S$l.
/ince t&e #i2en number is di2isible by 5, so 0 or 5 must come in !lace o$ R" Fut, a
number endin# wit& 5 is ne2er di2isible by 8" /o, 0 will re!lace R"
Cow, t&e number $ormed by t&e last t&ree di#its is 4@0, w&ic& becomes di2isible by 8, i$
@ is re!laced by 4"
Hence, di#its in !lace o$ @ and R are 4 and 0 res!ecti2ely"
E5. 17. S.$8 (.a( 48!718 &, 1&/&,&+le +4 11.
S$l. )/um o$ di#its at odd !laces* 1 )/um o$ di#its at e2en !laces*
4 )8 E 7 E 3 E 4* 1 )1 E 2 E 8* 4 11, w&ic& is di2isible by 11"
Hence, 4832718 is di2isible by 11"
E5. 18. I, 5!56744 1&/&,&+le +4 !4 C
S$l. 24 4 3 0 8, w&ere 3 and 8 are co1!rimes"
'&e sum o$ t&e di#its in t&e #i2en number is 36, w&ic& is di2isible by 3" /o, t&e
#i2en number is di2isible by 3"
'&e number $ormed by t&e last 3 di#its o$ t&e #i2en number is 744, w&ic& is
di2isible by 8" /o, t&e #i2en number is di2isible by 8"
'&us, t&e #i2en number is di2isible by bot& 3 and 8, w&ere 3 and 8 are co1!rimes"
/o, it is di2isible by 3 0 8, i"e", 24"
E5. 19. -.a( lea,( )um+er mu,( +e a11e1 ($ 666 ($ $+(a&) a )um+er e5a"(l4
1&/&,&+le +4 19 C
S$l. Bn di2idin# 3000 by 1, we #et 17 as remainder"
Cumber to be added 4 )1 1 17* 4 2"
E5. !6. -.a( lea,( )um+er mu,( +e ,u+(ra"(e1 %r$m !666 ($ 'e( a )um+er e5a"(l4
1&/&,&+le +4 17 C
S$l. Bn di2idin# 2000 by 17, we #et 11 as remainder"
Ke=uired number to be subtracted 4 11"
E5. !1. F&)1 (.e )um+er 8.&". &, )eare,( ($ 165 a)1 &, e5a"(l4 1&/&,&+le +4 !1.
S$l. Bn di2idin# 3105 by 21, we #et 18 as remainder"
Cumber to be added to 3105 4 )21 1 18* 1 3"
Hence, re=uired number 4 3105 E 3 4 3108"
E5. !!. F&)1 (.e ,malle,( )um+er $% 6 1&'&(, 8.&". &, e5a"(l4 1&/&,&+le +4 111.
S$l. /mallest number o$ 6 di#its is 100000"
MASTERMINDZ
Bn di2idin# 100000 by 111, we #et 100 as remainder"
Cumber to be added 4 )111 1 100* 1 11"
Hence, re=uired number 4 100011"1
E5. !. O) 1&/&1&)' 15968 +4 a "er(a&) )um+er@ (.e Au$(&e)( &, 89 a)1 (.e rema&)1er
&, 7. F&)1 (.e 1&/&,$r.
Hi2idend 1 Kemainder 1568137
S$l. Hi2isor 4 11111111111111111111111111 4 1111111111111 4 17"
"Luotient 8
E5. !4. A )um+er 8.e) 1&/&1e1 +4 4! '&/e, a rema&)1er 47. -.e) (.e ,ame
)um+er &%( 1&/&1e1 +4 19@ 8.a( 8$ul1 +e (.e rema&)1er C
S$l. Bn di2idin# t&e #i2en number by 342, let > be t&e =uotient and 47 as remainder"
'&en, number P 342> E 47 4 )1 0 18> E 1 0 2 E * 4 1 )18> E 2* E "
'&e #i2en number w&en di2ided by 1, #i2es )18> E 2* as =uotient and as
remainder"
E5. !5. A )um+er +e&)' ,u""e,,&/el4 1&/&1e1 +4 @ 5 a)1 8 lea/e, rema&)1er, 1@ 4
a)1 7 re,3e"(&/el4. F&)1 (.e re,3e"(&/e rema&)1er, &% (.e $r1er $% 1&/&,$r, +e
re/er,e1@
S$l.
3 S
5 y 1 1
8 6 1 4
1 1 7
6 4 )8 0 1 E 7* 4 155 y 4 856 E 4* 4 )5 0 15 E 4* 4 75 0 4 )3y E 1* 4 )3 0 7 E 1* 4 238"
Cow,
8 238
5 2 1 6
3 5 1 4
1 1 ,
Kes!ecti2e remainders are 6, 4, 2"
E5. !6. F&)1 (.e rema&)1er 8.e) !
1
&, 1&/&1e1 +4 5.
S$l. 2
10
4 1024" -nit di#it o$ 2
10
0 2
10
0 2
10
is 4 Ias 4 0 4 0 4 #i2es unit di#it 4J"
-nit di#it o$ 231 is 8"
Cow, 8 w&en di2ided by 5, #i2es 3 as remainder"
Hence, 231 w&en di2ided by 5, #i2es 3 as remainder"
E5. !7. 7$8 ma)4 )um+er, +e(8ee) 11 a)1 96 are 1&/&,&+le +4 7 C
MASTERMINDZ
S$l. '&e re=uired numbers are 14, 21, 28, 35, """" 77, 84"
'&is is an A"3" wit& a 4 14 and d 4 )21 1 14* 4 7"
+et it contain n terms"
'&en, 'n 4 84 4? a E )n 1 1* d 4 84
4? 14 E )n 1 1* 0 7 4 84 or n 4 11"
Ke=uired number o$ terms 4 11"
E5. !8. F&)1 (.e ,um $% all $11 )um+er, u3($ 166.
S$l. '&e #i2en numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, """, "
'&is is an A"3" wit& a 4 1 and d 4 2"
+et it contain n terms" '&en,
1 E )n 1 1* 0 2 4 or n 4 50"
Ke=uired sum 4 n )$irst term E last term*
2
4 50 )1 E * 4 2500"
2
E5. !9. F&)1 (.e ,um $% all ! 1&'&( )um+er, 1&/&,&+le +4 .
S$l. All 2 di#it numbers di2isible by 3 are :
12, 51, 18, 21, """, "
'&is is an A"3" wit& a 4 12 and d 4 3"
+et it contain n terms" '&en,
12 E )n 1 1* 0 3 4 or n 4 30"
Ke=uired sum 4 30 0 )12E* 4 1665"
2
E5.6.7$8 ma)4 (erm, are (.ere &) !@4@8@16GG16!4C
S$l.(learly 2,4,8,1699""1024 $orm a ;3" %it& a42 and r 4 4G2 42"
+et t&e number o$ terms be n " '&en
2 0 2
n11
41024 or 2
n11 4512 4 2
"
n114 or n410"
E5. 1. ! > !
!
> !

> ... > !

8
: C
S$l. ;i2en series is a ;"3" wit& a 4 2, r 4 2 and n 4 8"
sum 4 a)r
n
11* 4 2 0 )2
8
P1* 4 )2 0 255* 4510
)r11* )211*