as

+} tyf ljQLo ;:+ yf ;DaGwL ljwos

] , @)&! ;DaGwdf Pg=la=P sf] ;e
' mfj
k|:tfljt ljwo]ssf] Joj:Yff

k|:tfljt ljwo]sdf Pg= la= Psf] ;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj

k|:tfljt Joj:yfdf ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ sf/0f

bkmf @ sf] v08 -d_

bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -#_

o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ jf ;f]df
nufgL ug{ ;Sg] JolQm, Jofj;flos jf Jofkfl/s
If]q jf s'g} klg JolQmn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
nufgL ug{ ;Sg] z]o/ k'FhLsf] k|ltzt /fi6 a}+sn]
;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bkmf # sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] ;6\

\6fdf b]xfosf] bkmf # sf] pkbkmf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/df nufgL ug{
;66fdf
aGb]h nufpg] ljifo / z]o/ :jfldTjsf]
-#_ /fVg]
o; P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df pNn]lvt s;"/df ;hfo ;LdfnfO{ P]gdf g} Joj:yf ug'{ plrt ePsfn] .
kfPsf] JolQm / o:tf JolQmx jf lghsf kl/jf/sf ;b:oxsf]
pNn]Vo :jfldTj /x]sf kmd{, sDkgL tyf ;+:yfxn] a}\s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf nufgL ug{ kfpg] 5}g . s'g} Ps kmd{sDkgL jf
JolQm / lghsf ;b:o tyf lghxsf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj ePsf]
kmd{sDkgLn] s'g} a}\s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf cGo a}\s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf z]o/df nufgL ug{ kfpg] clwstd ;Ldf bkmf
$@ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .

bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_

b]xfo adf]lhdsf JolQmx?nfO{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[tL lbOg] 5}g M
-s_ a}ls+u s;"/ ;DaGwL sf/afxLdf k/]sf],
-v_ 7uL, hfn;fFhL, lst]{ u/L ;hfoF kfPsf]
-u_ /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodgsf/l sf/afxLdf k/]sf]
JolQm

bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] ;6\

\6fdf b]xfosf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf
;66fdf
-@_ /fv\
/fvg]\g] .

bkmf @ sf] v08 -d_ sf] ;6\

\6fdf b]xfosf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -d_
;66fdf
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}\s eGgfn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
/fVg] .
;DaGwL kl/of]hgfdf dfq nufgL ug]{ u/L o; P]g k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}\s eGgfn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;DaGwL
adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;Demg' k5{ .
kl/of]hgfdf dfq nufgL ug]{ u/L o; P]g adf]lhd ;+:yfkgf
ePsf] a}s
\ ;Demg' k5{ .

Efflifs z'4tf ldnfpg .

b]xfo adf]lhdsf JolQmx? / lgh jf lghx?sf kl/jf/sf]

;b:ox?sf] pNn]vlgo :jfldTj ePsf kmd{ jf sDkgLnfO{ a}s uDeL/ k|s[tLsf ck/fwdf ;Fhfo kfPsf JolQm
x?nfO{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{ k"j{ :jLs[tL lbOg] Pj+ lghsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] kmd{ jf
5}g M
sDkgLnfO{ a}s+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks
x'g /f]s nufpgsf nfuL .
-s_ a}ls+u s;"/ ;DaGwL sfg"g cg';f/ ;Fhfo kfPsf],

-v_ 7uL, hfn;fFhL, lst]{ u/L ;hfoF kfPsf],

-u_ /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodgsf/L sf/afxLdf k/]sf],

-3_ ;DklQm
;DklQm z'4Ls/0f tyf d'bf lgd{nLs/0f sfg"g cg';f/
;Fhfo kfPsf],
-_ ei6rf/ ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ s}bsf] ;Fhfo
ePsf],
-5_ dfgj j]rljvg, cx/0f, z/L/aGws, hj/h:tL s/0fL h:tf
kfPsf
uDeL/ k|s[tLsf ck/fwdf ;hfoF kfPsf
$

bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!_

bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|f/lDes v08nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/

kl/dfh
kl/dfh{
dfh{g ug]{

--ztk|ltzt jf ;+o'Qm nufgLdf_ a}+s jf

ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{] M
-!_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfndf
;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf gful/s;+u
ldnL ;+o'Qm nufgLdf jf ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfkm\gf]
-ztk|
ztk|ltzt z]o/_ :jfldTj
sfod u/L ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf o; P]g
adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{
bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbFbf
b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft tyf ljj/0f ;d]t k]z
ug'{ kg]{5M

ljb]zL a}+sn] ztk|ltzt nufgL u/Ldf

ljb]zL nufgLdf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+
;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{ :jLs[lt g]kfndf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf :yfkgf ubf{
lng' kg{] M -!_ s'g} ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] g]kfndf
g]kfnL ;+:yfks tyf ljb]zL ;+:yfks jLr
;+:yfkgf ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf gful/s;+u ldnL ;+o'Qm
cg'lrt e]befj x'g] / ;j{;fw/0f g]kfnL
nufgLdf jf ljb]zL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] pNn]Vo
gful/snfO{ o:tf] ljb]zL a}+sdf nufgL ug]{
z]o/ :jfldTj sfod u/L ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf o; P]g
cj;/af6 al~rt ug'{ pko'Qm gx'g] .
adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+:yfkgf ug{' k"j{ bkmf $ sf]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbFbf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft
tyf ljj/0f ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5M

bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_

bkmf (sf] pkbkmf -@_ nfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd kl/dfh{g ug]{

z]o/sf] afF8kmfF6M

z]o/sf] afF8kmfF6M
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
--:jfldTj jf
o; P]g adf]lhd ztk|ltzt z]o/ d'Vo
sDkgLn] lnPsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf
;+:yfkgfx'g] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
yfsf]_ z]o/
:jfldTj cg'kft pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd x'g

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn

;/sf/sf] pNn]Vo :jfldTjdf ;+:yfkgf x'g] a}s+ jf ljlQo

;+:yf tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}s+sf] ?kdf ;+:yfkgf x'g] a}s+

jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf xsdf z]o/ :jfldTjsf] cg'kft pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd x'g cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .

ljb]zL a}+ssf] pNn]Vo :jfldTj /xg] u/L

:yfkgf x'g] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf klg
;j{;fw/0fnfO{ nufgL ug]{ cj;/ lbgsf nfuL .

cfjZos kg]{5}g .

bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -@_ / pkbkmf -#_

-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfksn] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldltn]
kfFr jif{ k'u]kl5 / ;j{;fwf/0fdf z]o/ hf/L
u/]kl5 cfgf] gfddf /x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf
lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df
-/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL_ To:tf] z]o/ laqmL
ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg ;Sg]5 / To;/L
;+:yfksn] ljqmL u/]sf] z]o/ ;+:yfks ;d"xdf g}
/xg] 5 .

&

bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -@_ / pkbkmf -#_ nfO{ Joxf]/fdf b]xfo

cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng
tyf lgoGq0fdf pNn]Vo :jfldTj x'g] ;+:yfks
/ z]o/wgL afx]s cGo ;+:yfksx?sf] pNn]Vo
e"ldsf g/x]g] x'Fbf o:tf ;+:yfksx?sf] z]o/
x:tfGt/0fdf /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[tL cfjZos
gkg]{ .

-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf pNn]Vo :jfldTj /x]sf] ;+:yfks jf

cGo z]o/wgLn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] zt{ jf lgb]{zgsf] clwgdf
/xL a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ldltn] kfFr
jif{ k'u]kl5 / ;j{;fwf/0fdf z]o/ hf/L u/]kl5 cfgf] gfddf
/x]sf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGws /fVg rfx]df /fi6 a}+ssf]
:jLs[tL lnO{ To:tf] z]o/ laqmL ug{ jf lwtf]aGwsdf /fVg
;Sg]5 . t/, r'Qmf k"FhLsf] % -kfFr_ k|ltzt eGbf sd z]o/ lng]
;+:yfks jf z]o/wgLn] cfgf] z]o/ ljqmL jf lwtf]df /fVbf /fi6
a}+ssf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks z]o/ s'g}
sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] -#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pNn]Vo z]o/ :jfldTj s'g} sDkgL
jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sDkgL jf ;+ul7t
sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL tyf
lxtflwsf/Lx?df x]/km]/, z]o/ ljqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ;+:yfdf pNn]Vo z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] z]o/wgL tyf
lxtflwsf/Lx?df x]/km]/, z]o/ ljqmL jf x:tfGt/0f ug{' cl3 /fi6
ug{' cl3 /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .
a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 .
bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -!_
bkmf !@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh
kl/dfh{
dfh{g ug]{
lwtf]kq sf/f]af/df aGb]h
-!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L
-!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L
k|d'v,n]vfk/LIfs, sDkgL ;lrj jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|rlnt /fi6 a}s+ P]g adf]lhd x'g] ;'wf/fTds
k|d'v,n]vfk/LIfs, sDkgL ;lrj jf a}+s jf
Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL sfo{dfk|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg sf/jfxL sf] k|s[ofsf] ;xhLs/0fsf nfuL .

ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf n]vf ;DaGwL

sfo{dfk|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf
axfn /xFbfsf avt jf To:tf] kbaf6 cjsfz
k|fKtu/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf]
lwtf]kq cfgf] jf cfgf] kl/jf/ jf cGo s'g}
klg JolQm jf To:tf JolQmx?sf]
lgoGq0fdf/x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf]
gfddf jf cGo JolQmnfO{ vl/blaqmL ug{
u/fpg, ug{ lbg,lwtf]aGws /fVg, /fVg
nufpg jf bfg as; lng, lbg, x:tfGt/0f
ug{ jf n]gb]g ug{ x'Fb}g .
t/ af]g; z]o/, xsk|b z]o/ jf gofF z]o/
hf/L x'Fbf jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg
sfof{Gjog ubf{ jf bkmf &% adf]lhd a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf Ps cfk;df ufEbf uflebf jf
bkmf *) adf]lhd Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] csf{] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{
;DklQjf bfloTj cfkm"df ;dflxt x'g] u/L
k|flKt ubf{ jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;~rfngdf s'g}afwf Jojwfg pTkGg ePdf
/fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;+:yfks ;~rfns
jf ;~rfns;+:yfks aLr Ps cfk;df
lwtf]kq vl/bljqmL ug{ of] pkbkmfn]
afwfk'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

JolQmn] To:tf] kbdf axfn /xFbfsf avt jf To:tf] kbaf6

cjsfz k|fKtu/]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dd ;DalGwt a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf jf To;sf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] lwtf]kq cfgf] jf
cfgf] kl/jf/ jf cGo s'g} klg JolQm jf To:tf JolQmx?sf]
lgoGq0fdf/x]sf] kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] gfddf jf cGo
JolQmnfO{ vl/blaqmL ug{ u/fpg, ug{ lbg,lwtf]aGws /fVg,
/fVg nufpg jf bfg as; lng, lbg, x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf
n]gb]g ug{ x'Fb}g .
t/ af]g; z]o/, xsk|b z]o/ jf gofF z]o/ hf/L x'Fbf
jf /fi6 a}+ssf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ubf{ jf s'g} ;+rfns jf
;+rfns lgo'Qm ug{] clwsf/ kfPsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfn] s'g}
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf cfk\mgf] gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ z]o/
ljqmL ubf{ jf jf o; P]gsf] kl/R5]b ( df ul/Psf]
Joj:Yff cg';f/ adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf Ps cfk;df
ufEbf ufleFbf jf Pp6f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] csf{] a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ jf bfloTj cfkm"df ;dflxt
x'g] u/L k|flKt ubf{ jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfngdf
s'g} afwf Jojwfg pTkGg ePdf /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{
;+:yfks ;~rfns jf ;~rfns;+:yfks aLr Ps cfk;df
lwtf]kq vl/bljqmL ug{ jf ;d:ofu|:t a}s+sf] ;'wf/fTds

km/skmf/ssf] k|s[ofdf x'g] z]o/sf] v/LbljqmL jf

jf km/s
x:TfGt/0f ug]{ u/fpg] sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ of] pkbkmfn]
afwfk'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -#_

bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/jt{g ug]{
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltdf bkmf
-!%_
!%_
adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf
JolQmx?dWo]af6 slDtdf Pshgf Jofj;flos
;~rfnssf] ?kdf lgo'lQm u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
To:tf] lgo'lQm kl5 a:g] klxnf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf
lbg' kg]{5 .

unt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{ k|of]u ul/Psfn] ;f] nfO{

;RofO{Psf] .

pkbkmf -!_ ad]lhd] ;ldltdf bkmf !& adf]lhdsf] cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ps -!_ k|ltzt
of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf JolQmx?dWo]af6 sDtLdf Ps -!_ eGbf a9L z]o/ lng] JolQmnfO{ Joj;flos
hgf Joj;flos ;+rfnssf] ?kdf lgo'lQm u/L ;f]sf] ;+rfns lgo'Qm ug{ pko'Qm gx'g] .
hfgsf/L To:tf] lgo'QmL kl5 a:g] klxnf] ;fwf/0f ;efdf
lbg'kg]{5 . Joj;flos ;+rfngsf] lgo'lQm n]vfk/LIf0f

;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+rfng ;ldltn] ug]{5 .

t/ a}s jf ljQlo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks ;+rfns jf
z]o/wgL tyf lghx?sf] kl/jf/ Joj;flos
;+rfns x'g kfpg] 5}g .
(

bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -!_

;~rfnssf] kbfjlwM -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw
lgodfjnLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/
jif{sf] x'g]5 / lgh k'gM lgo'Qm jf dgf]lgt x'g
;Sg]5 .
t/ bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf
--!_ sf]
k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ / -v_
adf]lhdlgo'lQm ePsf] ;~rfns jflif{s ;fwf/0f
;ef geP;Dd dfq cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .

t/ ;DalGwt a}s jf ljQlo ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfks jf

;+rfns tyf lghx?sf] kl/jf/ jf cGo s'g} klg a}s+ jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps -!_ k|ltzt eGbf a9L
z]o/ lnPsf] JolQm jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] JolQm Joj;flos
;+rfns lgo'Qm x'g kfpg] 5}g .
bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -!_ tyf -@_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g
ug]{
;~rfnssf] kbfjlwM -!_ ;~rfnssf] kbfjlw lgodfjnLdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhd a9Ldf rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 / Joj;flos
;+rfns afx]s cGo ;+rfns k'gM lgo'Qm jf dgf]lgt x'g
;Sg]5 .
t/ bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf --@_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf]
v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] ;~rfns jflif{s
;fwf/0f ;ef geP;Dd dfq cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .

sg'} Ps JolQmnfO{ Joj;flos ;+rfnssf]

?kdf Ps sfo{sfn eGbf a9L /xg lbg'
;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf] dfGotf ljkl/t x'g] .

bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -@_

bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -@_ nfO{ vf/]h ug]{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf
s'g} JolQm Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
nuftf/ b'O{ sfo{sfn eGbf a9L ;~rfnssf] kbdf
lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .

!)

bkmf !& sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -#_

-#_ Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q,
jfl0fHozf:q, n]vfzf:q, tYofzf:q, ul0ft,
Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf sfg"g laifodf :gfts pkfwL
jf rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L pkfwL xfl;n u/]sf] /
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /xL s'g} ljQLo jf sfg"gL
If]q;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfo jf /fi6 a}+s jf
cGt/f{li6o a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] slDtdf
clws[t :t/ k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbdf
sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfo{ u/]sf] .

o:tf] k|ltaGw /fVbf ;+:yfks z]o/ lng]

;+ul7t ;+:yfx?n] ;+rfns lgo'Qm ug{ gkfpg]
ePsf]n] .

bkmf !& sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -#_ nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /xL eGg] afSofz+
kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
pNn]v ubf{ lghfdtL jf cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf
afx]s cGo If]qdf cg'ej xfl;Fn u/]sf]
-#_ Joj:yfkg, a}l, ljQLo, df}lb|s, cy{zf:q, jfl0fHozf:q, JolQmx? Joj;flos ;+rfns x'g cof]Uo /xg]
n]vfzf:q, tYofzf:q, ul0ft, Jofkf/ k|zf;g jf sfg"g eGg] cfzo b]lvgfn] o; af/]df :ki6 kfg{ sf
laifodf :gfts pkfwL jf rf6{8{ Psfp06]G;L pkfwL xfl;n nfuL
u/]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /xL s'g} ljQLo jf sfg"gL
If]q;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfo jf /fi6 a}+s jf cGt/f{li6o a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf eGg] zAbn] s, v, u jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] slDtdf clws[t :t/ k|yd >]0fL jf lghL 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yf ;d]t hgfpg] ePsfn]
If]]qsf] s >]0fLsf] a}s+df sfo{sf/L
sf/L kbdf jf k|rlnt g]kfn tNnf] ju{sf a}s| jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf k|fKt u/]sf]
If
sfg"g4f/f ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt sf]ifdf sfof{sf/L cg'ej dflyNnf] ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
ck'u x'g ;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{
kbdf jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfo{ u/]sf] .
kl/dfh{g sf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] .
lghLIf]qsf] s ju{sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
sfo{ u/]sf] cg'ej ;d]tnfO{ of]Uotf u0fgf ug{
k|of]u ug{ plrt x'g] .

!!

bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -0f_

-0f_ Joj;flos ;+rfnssf] xsdf lgh ;DalGwt
a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL /x]sf] .

bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -0f_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{
-0f_ Joj;flos ;+rfnssf] xsdf lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/
;DalGwt a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/wgL /x]sf] jf cGo s'g}

Ps--!_ k|ltzt eGbf

a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] Ps
a9L z]o/ lnPsf] .

!@

gofF Joj:yf yk ug]{

s'g} Ps a+}s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf Ps -!_

k|ltzt eGbf a9L z]o/lnPsf JolQmnfO{ csf]{
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj;flos ;+rfns
lgo'Qm ug{ pko'Qm gx'g] ePsf]n] .

bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ kl5 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] pkbkmf -$_

tyf pkbkmf -%_ yk ug]{

-$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -7_ adf]lhd g]kfn /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf]
eGbf a9L /sd a}+s jf ljQLo
ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lnO{ pBf]u
Joj;fo tyf Jofkf/df ;+nUg /x]sf] eGg] cfwf/ jf sf/0faf6
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/df nufgL ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yf
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ;+rfnsdf lgo'Qm x'g jf ;+rfnssf]
To:tf]] JolQm jf
kbdf axfn /xg g;Sg] cj:yf pTkGg ePdf To:tf
cfkm\gf]
;+:yfn] cfkm
\gf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ljqmL
ePsf] z]o/ ;/x dflg lwtf]kq ahf/af6 ljqmL ug{ kfpg] 5 .
cfjZos
o;/L z]o/ ljqmL ubf{ /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[tL lng' cf
jZos kg]{
5}g / bkmf !! df pNn]lvt k|ltaGw ;d]t nfu' x'g] 5}g .

/fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] C0f l;df ;DaGwL zt{ jf

Joj:yfsf sf/0fn] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
;+rfnssf] kbdf axfn /xg s'g} JolQm jf
;+:yf cof]Uo x'g] ePdf To:tf JolQm /
;+:yfnfO{ lwtf]kqahf/af6 cfk\mgf] z]o/ ljqmL
u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 aflx/Lg lbg]
;'ljwf lbg' pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn] .

;+:yfyut ;'zf;gsf] k|j4{gsf nfuL Ps}

cfcfk\mgf]
-%_ c+za08f u/L dfgf] 5'LLO{O{ cfcfk
\mgf] k]zf Joj;fo u/L kl/jf/sf Ps eGbf a9L ;b:onfO{ Pp6} a}+s
a;]sf bfh' efO{ afx]s Ps} kl/jf/sf Ps eGbf a9L ;b:ox? jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf /xg'
ljQLoo ;+:yfs]f ;+rfnssf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g / pko'Qm gx'g] .
s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQL
;f] kbfdf axfn /xg ;Sg] 5}ggg\\ .

!@

bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_

-s_ bkmf
--@!_ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf gePdf

!#

bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -_

-_ Joj;flos ;+rfnssf] xsdf lghn] ;DalGwt
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] z]o/ :jfldTj k|fKt u/]df
.

!$

bkmf @# sf] pkbkmf -!_

-!_ ;+rfnsn] cfkm" lgo'Qm ePsf] ;ft lbg leq
bkmf
--@%_ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf k]z ug'{kg]{ .

!%

bkmf @# sf] pkbkmf -@_

-@_ ;~rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf]
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
-k|k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ?kdf s'g} pNn]Vo :jfldTj _ jf cGo s'g}
klg k|sf/sf] :jfy{ /x]df To:tf] ;~rfnsn] ;f]
s'/fsf] hfgsf/L cfjZos k"0f{ ljj/0f ;lxt
;ldltsf] klxnf] j}7sdf lbg' kg]{5 .

bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{
-s_ bkmf !^ tyf bkmf !& adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf gePdf jf
bkmf !* adf]lhd adf]ldh cof]Uo x'g] ePdf .

bkmf !( sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/

kl/dfh{g ug]{
-_ Joj;flos ;+rfnssf] xsdf lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf]

;b:osf]
;b:osf] gfddf bkmf !*!*-!_!_-0f_ df pNn]v ePadf]lhd z]o/
:jfldTj /x]sf] ePdf .

bkmf @# sf] pkbkmf -!_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

-!_ ;+rfnsn] cfkm" lgo'Qm ePsf] ;ft lbg leq bkmf @@ sf]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf k]z
ug'{kg]{ .

bkmf @# sf] pkbkmf -@_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

-@_ ;~rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf] gfddf lgh
;+rfns /x]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf / cGo a}s+ jf ljQLo
cfkm\gf]
cfkm\gf]
;b:osf]
;+:yfdf df cfkm
cfkm
\gf] jf cfkm
\gf] kl/jf/sf] ;
b:osf] gfddf
jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] :jfy{
/x]sf] z]o/ :jfldTj
/x]df To:tf] ;~rfnsn] ;f] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L cfjZos k"0f{
ljj/0f ;lxt ;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7sdf lbg' kg]{5 .

Ufnt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{ k|of]u ePsfn] ;Rofpg

cfjZos ePsf] .

Joj;flos ;+rfns jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf

;b:on] s'g} csf]{ a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Ps !_ k|ltzt eGbf a9L z]o/:jfldTj lnPdf
lghn] :jtGq ?kdf Joj;flos ;+rfnssf]
x}l;otdf sfd ug{ k"jf{u|x jf cGo sf/0fn]
g;Sg] cj:yf x'g] .
unt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{ k|of]u ePsfn] ;f]nfO{
;Rofpgsf nfuL .

;+rfnssf kl/jf/n] lgh ;+rfns /x]sf] a}s+

jf ljQLo ;+:yf Pj+ cGo a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf ePsf] :JffldTj jf :jfy{ cfkm' ;+rfns
/x]sf] a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod ug]{
b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm x'g] .

!^

bkmf @$
clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] /]vb]v /
lgb]{zgdf /xL sfd ug{ ;f]sf] cf}lrTo / sf/0f
v'nfO{ cfkm"Fdf lglxt clwsf/ s'g} ;+rfns, bkmf
@% adf]lhd ul7t pkl:yt , sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf
sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO[ sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQmnfO{
k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/, ;ldltsf] cWoIfnfO{ To:tf] clwsf/
k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

bkmf @$ sf] ;6\

;66fdf
\6fdf b]xfo cg';f/sf] bkmf @$ /fVg] .
clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM
-!_ ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] /]vb]v / lgb]{zgdf /xL sfd ug{ ;f]sf]
cf}lrTo / sf/0f v'nfO{ cfkm"Fdf lglxt clwsf/ s'g} ;+rfns,
bkmf @% adf]lhd ul7t pkl:yt, sfo{sf/L k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L
k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/, ;ldltsf] cWoIfnfO{ To:tf] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{
;lsg] 5}g .

sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] cfFkm"nfO{ k|fKt ePsf]

clVtof/L cfk\mgf] lhDd]jf/Ldf cfk\mgf
dftxtsfsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'Dkg kfpg] Joj:yf
ug'{ Joj;flos sfo{;+rfngsf] ;'udtfsf]
b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn] .

-@_ sfof{sf/L k|d'v jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ s'g}

JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ k|Tofof]hg eO{ k|fKt u/]sf]
cfk\mgf]
cfk\mgf]
clVtof/L cfjZostf cg';f/ cfk
\mgf] lhDd]jf/Ldf cfk
\mgf]
dftxtsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
!&

bkmf @^ sf] pkbkmf -@_

-@_ slDtdf Ps ltxfO{ ;~rfnsn] lnlvt cg'/f]w
u/]df cWoIfn] h'g;'s} avt ;ldltsf] a}7s
af]nfpg' kg]{5 .

!*

bkmf @^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

-@_ slDtdf Ps ltxfO{ ;~rfnsn] a}7s
sdf
df 5nkmn ug{'kg]{
ljifo ;d]t v'nfO lnlvt cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn] o:tf] cg'/f]w
k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] & -;ft_ lbg leq ;ldltsf] a}7s af]nfpg'
kg]{5 .

bkmf @^ sf] pkbkmf -^_

a}7s af]nfpg dfu ubf{ a}7ssf Ph]G8fsf

ljifodf k"j{ hfgsf/L lbPdf cWoIfn] ;f]xL
cg';f/ ;+rfns ;ldltsf cGo ;b:onfO{
a}7ssf] ;"rgf k7fpFbfsf avtdf g} Ph]G8fsf
af/]df hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{' a9L pko'Qm x'g] .

bkmf @^ sf] pkbkmf -^_ sf] ;6\

\6fdf lgDg adf]lhdsf] pkbkmf ;66fdf
^_ /fVg] .
;+rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o lngkg]{ ljifdf clu|d
;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;~rfnssf] gfd, -s_ a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf
hfgsf/L x'Fbf ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf] kfngf ug{
5nkmn ePsf] ljifo / tt\;DaGwdf ePsf] ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] ;"rgf
u/fpg ;xh x'g] .
lg0f{osf] ljj/0fsf] dfOGo'6 Ps 5'} lstfadf k|To]s ;+rfnsnfO{ a}7s x'g'eGbf sDtLdf tLg sfo{lbg klxn] g}
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 / ;f] clen]vdf a}7sdf lbg'kg]{5. t/, a}s+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{;+rfng tyf
pkl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;~rfnsn] ;xL u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . Joj;fo ;Fu ;DaGwLt s'g} ljifodf tTsfn lg0f{oug{ kg]{ ePdf

;f] eGbf sd ;dosf] ;"rgf lbO{ a}7s af]nfpg ;lsg]5 .

a}7ssf] ;"rgf k7fpFbf a}7sdf 5nkmn x'g] ljifox? :ki6?kdf
nfpg kg]{5 .
v'nfpg

-v_ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;+rfnssf] gfd, 5nkmn ePsf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ePklg
ljifo / tt\;DaGwdf ePsf] lg0f{osf] ljj/0fsf] dfOGo'6 Ps 5'} s'g} ;+rfnsn] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf ;xL gu/]s}
lstfadf clen]v /fVg'kg]{5 / ;f] clen]vdf a}7sdf sf/0f] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogdf sl7gfO{ kg{ ;Sg]
pkl:yt;Dk"0f{ ;+rfnsn] ;xL u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .
cj:Yff x6fpg' cfjZos ePsfn] .

!(

t/, a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ 5nkmndf efu lng / dtbfg

ug{ kfpg] hDdf ;+rfns dWo] sDtLdf %! Kf|ltzt ;+rfnsn]
o:tf] lg0f{odf ;xL u/]sf] ePdf a}7sdf pkl:yt s'g}
;+rfnsn] ;xL gu/]sf] sf/0fn] dfq pQm lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjogdf
afwf k'Ug] 5}g .
bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -@_
bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -s_ b]lv v08 -u_ ;Ddsf
Joj:Yff bkmf @ ;Fu ;DaGwLt ePsf]n] ppQm
Qm Joj:yfnfO{ pkbkmf
sfo{sf/L
sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
-@_ df NofO{ lgDgfg';f/ kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ .
==--s_ s'g} ljifodf slDtdf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw xfl;n u/L
of]Uotf tyf cg'ej ePsf] of]Uo JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm ==
u/L To:tf] lgo'lQm u/]sf] ;ft lbgleq /fi6
a}l tyf ljQLo If]q,a}l tyf ljQLo sfg"g;+u ;DalGwt
a}+snfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
;/sf/L lgsfo, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ljZjljBfno jf To:tf] sfo{ ug]{
yfsf]] clws[t tx jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] kbdf
cGt/f{li6o ;+3;+:yfsf
slDtdf kfFr jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf
-v_ sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}sn] tf]s]sf
kmL6 P08 k|f]k/ 6]i6sf dfkb08 k"/f u/]sf],
-u_ k};77\7L
\7L ^%jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf],
-3_ bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cof]Uo gePsf] .
-_ t/ bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -h_ tyf -0f_ df
ul/Psf] Joj:yf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

s|d;+Vof ldnfpg Pj+ unt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{

k|of]u ePsfn] ;f]nfO{ ;Rofpg / sfo{sf/L
k|d'vn] clgjfo{ cjsfz kfpg] pd]/nfO{ a9L
Jojxfl/s agfpg .

@)

@!

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -#_

pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] sfo{sf/L
k|d'v o; P]g adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] gb]lvPdf /fi6
a}+sn] gnfu]df lghnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ JolQmnfO{
lgo'Qm ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5M

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -#_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm ePsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v o; P]g
adf]lhd cof]Uo ePsf] b]lvPdf /fi6 a}+sn] lghnfO{ x6fO{
csf]{ JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

Efflifs z'4tf ldnfpg / pkbkmf -@_ sf]

;Gbe{nfO{ pkbkmf -#_ af6 x6fpg .

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -$_

;~rfnsnfO{ dfq nfu" x'g] egL /fi6 a}+sn]
tf]s]sf Joj:yf afx]s bkmf @!, @@ / @# sf
cGo Joj:yf sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;d]tnfO{ nfu" x'g]5g\
.

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -$_ nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

;~rfnsnfO{ dfq nfu" x'g] egL /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf Joj:yf
afx]s bkmf !^, !& / !* sf cGo Joj:yf sfo{sf/L k|d'v
;d]tnfO{ nfu" x'g]5g\ .

@@

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -%_

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf @ sf] v08 -y_ df
plNnlvt sfo{sf/L k|d'v hgfpFg] s'g} Ps gfdsf]
k|of]u u/]kl5 ;f] v08df plNnlvt cGo gfd
nufot To:t} s'g} klg ljz]if0f jf ;f];/xsf cy{
nfUg] zAb k|of]u u/L cGo kbsf] l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg]
5}g .

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -%_ df lgDg cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf @ sf] v08 -y_ df plNnlvt Efflifs z'4tf ldnfpgsf nfuL .
sfo{sf/L k|d'v hgfpFg] s'g} Ps kb l;h{gf u/L ;f] kbdf Ps
JolQm lgo'Qm u/L ;s]kl5 ;f] v08df plNnlvt cGo gfd
nufot To:t} s'g} klg ljz]if0f jf ;f];/xsf cy{ nfUg] zAb
k|of]u u/L cGo kbsf] l;h{gf ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .

@#

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -&_

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -&_ df lgDg cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] dfl;s kfl/>lds tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ jf
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ ;'ljwfx? ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 / lghsf] lgo'lQm ubf{sf
avt g} lghsf] ;]jfsf] zt{ tyf ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
jf ;'ljwfx?
/fi6 a}ssf] lgb{]zg
clwgdf /xL ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 /
lghsf] lgo'lQm ubf{sf avt g} lghsf] ;]jfsf] zt{
tyf ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

unt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{ k|of]u ul/Psf]n] ;f]nfO{

;RofOPsf] .

s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;d:ofu|:t

3f]if0ff gu/] ;Dd /fi6 a}+sn] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf tkl;nsf ljifo -dfOs|f]
Dofg]hd]G6_ df x:tIf]k ug'{ pko'Qm gx'g] .
sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] dfl;s kfl/>lds tyf
;'ljwf lgodgsf/L lgsfon] tf]Sg] Joj:yf

cfly{s pbfl/s/0fsf] l;4fGtsf] ljkl/t x'g'sf]

;fy} dfl;s kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf lgodgsf/L
lgsfon] tf]Sg] k|rng sfo{ cGt/fli6o k|rng
ljk/Lt x'g] .
o;af6 Joj;flos :jfoQtfsf] ljifodf cj/f]w
cfpg] .
@$

@%

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -*_

s'g} JolQm s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L
k|d'v ePsf] cj:yfdf csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfdf sfo{sf/L k|d'v, ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L,
sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbdf /xL sfd ug{
kfpg]5}g .
t/, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v
afx]s ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo
s'g}kbdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
gofF Joj:yf yk ug]{

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -*_ df lgDg cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v sf] kbdf sfo{/t
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] ;+rfns lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]
t/ o:tf] a}+ssf] sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf sfd ug[{
s'g} JolQm csf]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf sfo{sf/L k|d'v,
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L jf cGo s'g} kbdf /xL sfd ug{ gkfpg] eGg] ljifodf :ki6 kfg{ .
kfpg]5}g .
t/, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}+ssf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v afx]s
;~rfnsdf lgo'Qm x'g of] Joj:yfn] jfwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g

bkmf @( sf] pkbkmf -*_ kl5 lgDg cg';f/sf] pkbkmf -(_ yk

ug]{ M

-(_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf
klg of] P]g nfu' x'Fbfsf avt s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
f/LL k|d'vsf] kbdf sfo{/t JolQm
JolQmnfO{
sfo{sf/
nfO{ pQm v08 -s_ df
pNn]lvt z}lIfs of]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

xfn sfod /x]sf] P]g df pNn]lvt z}lIfs

of]Uotf k"/f eO{ sfo{/t sfo{sf/L k|d'vx?nfO{
o; P]g cg';f/sf] yk of]Uotfaf6 5'6 lbg'
cfjZos ePsf]n] .

@^

bkmf #$ sf] pkbkmf -!_

-!_ o; P]g adf]lhd
k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf
a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ rfxg] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] Ohfhtkqsf nflu tf]lslbPsf]
b:t'/ ;lxt Ohfhtkqsf] nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf
lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

bkmf #$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] Joxf]/fdf b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g

eflifs z'4tf ldnfpg, P]gsf] Joj:yf ciki6
ug]{ .
-!_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf ;:yfkgf ug{ ePsf]n] :ki6 kfg{ .
k"j{l:js[tL k|fKt u/L a}+ls jf ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug{ rfxg]
;+ul7t ;+:yfn] /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrfdf tf]lslbPsf] b:t'/
;lxt Ohfhtkqsf] nflu /fi6 a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

@&

bkmf #% sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_

bkmf #% adf]lhd Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lbPsf]
lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg ljj/0f tyf
sfuhft tyf kof{Kt ef}lts k"jf{wf/ 5 eGg]
nfu]d/x]sf],

bkmf #% sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_ sf] Joxf]/fdf b]xfo
cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
bkmf #% adf]lhd Ohfhtkqsf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg ;fy ;+nUg
ljj/0f,sfuhft tyf kof{Kt ef}lts k"jf{wf/ eP /x]sf] .

@*

bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -#_

bkmf $@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{ .

-##_ s'g} Ps JolQm jf lghsf kl/jf/sf ;b:o km{d jf ;+:yf jf
-##_ s'g} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] a}+s jf ;+:yfsf] k|ToIf lgoGq0fdf /x]g] ;xfos ;+:yf jf sDkgL jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhLdf nufgL ug{ ;Sg] sDkgLsf ;xfos sDkgLn] s'g} Ps a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
k|ltzt / /sd /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f r'Qmf k'FhLsf] hDdf !% k|ltzt eGbf a9L / cGo a}+s jf
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
Ps--!_ k|lttzt
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] r'Qmf k"FhL sf] Ps
zt eGbf a9L x'g] u/L

eflifs z'4tf ldnfpg .

nufgLsf] ;Ldf ;DaGwL ljifo ;DklQsf] k|of]u

tyf Joj:yfkg;Fu hf]l8Psf] dxTjk"0f{
;+j}wflgs xs ePsf]n] o:tf] xsnfO{ /fi6
a}+ssf] lgb]{zgsf] ljifo j:t' agfpg'eGbf P]gdf
g} :ki6 kfg'{ pko'Qm b]lvPsf]n] .

k|:tfljt P]g nfu'x'g' eGbf klxn] g} g]kfn /fi6

nufgL ug{ ;Sg] 5}ggg\\ .
t/, of] P]g k|f/De x'g'eGbf klxn] g} g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] a}s+sf] l:js[tL lnO nufgL u/]sf] ljb]zL
:jLs[tL lnO{ a}s+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf nufgL ug]{ ljb]zL ;+ul7t ;:yfn] u/]sf] nufgLsf] ;Ldf tf]Sbf
ljb]zL nufgLstf{df g]kfndf ljb]zL nufgLsf
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] xsdf of] k|ltaGw nfu' x'g] 5}g .
;Dagwdf cljZjf; k'Ug hfg] ;+efjgfnfO{
Wofgdf /fvL cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ ePsfn]
.

@(

bkmf %! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -9_

-9_ cfkm'sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /xL;s]s]f rncrn
;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s
jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf]df /lx;s]sf] rncrn
;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
/sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],

#)

bkmf %! sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -8_

-8_ cfkm'sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /xL;s]s]f rncrn
;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s
jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf]df /lx;s]sf] rncrn
;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
/sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],

bkmf %! sf pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -9_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/

;f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk\mgf C0fLx?nfO{
-9_ cfkm'sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /xL;s]s]f rn jf crn ;DklQsf] gubk|jfxsf] k|If]k0fsf cfwf/df ;d]t ykshf{
d"No jf C0f
C0fLLsf] lgoldt sf/f]af/af6 l;h{gf x'g] gubk|jfxsf] k|jfx ug{;Sg] u/L Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] .

k|If]k0f ;d]tsf cfwf/df jf a}+snfO{ dfGo x'g] cGo Joj:yf

ldnfO{ k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf]df /lx;s]sf] rn jf crn ;DklQsf]

k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf

k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],
bkmf %! sf pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -8_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk\mgf C0fLx?nfO{
kl/dfh{g ug]{
gubk|jfxsf] k|If]k0fsf cfwf/df ;d]t ykshf{
-8_ cfkm'sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /xL;s]s]f rn jf crn ;DklQsf] k|jfx ug{;Sg] u/L Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] .
d"Nojf C0f
C0fLLsf] lgoldt sf/f]af/af6 l;h{gf x'g] gubk|jfxsf]

k|If]k0f ;d]t sf cfwf/df jf a}+snfO{ dfGo x'g] cGo Joj:yf

ldnfO{ k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf]df /lx;s]sf] rn jf crn ;DklQsf]

k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf

k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],
#!

bkmf %! sf]pkbkmf
pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -em_
-em_ cfkm'sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /xL;s]s]f rncrn
;DklQsf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM Ps}k6s
jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg] jf cGo a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf]df /lx;s]sf] rncrn
;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf]
/sd k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],

bkmf %! sf pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -em_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk\mgf C0fLx?nfO{
gubk|jfxsf] k|If]k0fsf cfwf/df ;d]t ykshf{
kl/dfh{g ug]{
-em_ cfkm'sxfF klxn] g} lwtf] /xL;s]s]f rn jf crn ;DklQsf] k|jfx ug{;Sg] u/L Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] .
d"Nojf C0fL
C0fLsf] lgoldt sf/f]af/af6 l;h{gf x'g] gubk|jfxsf]

k|If]k0f ;d]t sf cfwf/df jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ nfO{ dfGo x'g]

cGo Joj:yf ldnfO{ k'gM Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg]
jf cGo a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf]df /lx;s]sf] rn jf crn
;DklQsf] k'gM lwtf]df To;sf] d"Non] vfd];Ddsf] /sd k'gM
Ps}k6s jf k6sk6s u/L shf{ lbg],

#@

bkmf %! sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -6_

bkmf %! sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -6_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{ .

Efflifs z'4tf ldnfpgsf nfuL .

-6_ k|rlnt Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL clwljsif{

shf{ lbg] .

-6_ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL clwljsif{ shf{ lbg] .

##

bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -6_

bkmf
%@ adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo
sf/f]jf/ jfx]s cfkm}n] jf Ph]G6, ;fem]bf/ jf ;x
:jfldTj ePsf] JolQmsf] x}l;otn] yf]s tyf v'b|f
Jofkf/, j:t' lgdf{0f -Dofg'ofSrl/_, oftfoft,
s[lif, vfgL, lgdf{0f Joj;fo jf o:t} cGo Joj;fo
;~rfng ug{,

bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -6_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
Ufnt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{ k|of]u ePsfn] ;f]nfO{
bkmf %! adf]lhdsf] a}+ls tyf ljQLo sf/f]jf/ jfx]s cfkm}n] ;Rofpgsf nfuL .
jf Ph]G6, ;fem]bf/ jf ;x:jfldTj ePsf] JolQmsf] x}l;otn]
yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/, j:t' lgdf{0f -Dofg'ofSrl/_, oftfoft,
s[lif, vfgL, lgdf{0f Joj;fo jf o:t} cGo Joj;fo ;~rfng
ug{,

#$

bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -8_

;+sng jf ljlgdosf] nflu k|fKt ul/Psf ljlgdo
kq jf bkmf
%@ df pNn]v ePsf] Jofj;fo;Fu
;DalGwt Jofj;fo afx]s s'g} Jofkf/ jf cGo
JolQmsf] nflu j:t' v/LblaqmL ug]{ jf ;6\6f
k6\6f ug]{ Joj;fo ug{,

bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -8_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
;+sng jf ljlgd]osf] nflu k|fKt ul/Psf ljlgdo kq jf bkmf
%! df pNn]v ePsf] Jofj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt Jofj;fo afx]s
s'g} Jofkf/ jf cGo JolQmsf] nflu j:t' v/LblaqmL ug]{ jf
;6\6f k6\6f ug]{ Joj;fo ug{,

bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf -@_

bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
-@_ shf{ lng], JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] hfoh]yfdf s'g} lsl;dn] xs
5f]8L lbPdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf
/fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] df]n 36\g uPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf]
Dofbleq To:tf] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 ;f] afkt yk
lwtf] ;'/If0f /fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 . shf{ lng] JolQm, kmd{,

#%

-@_ shf{ lng], JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn]

Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0fsf]
hfoh]yfdf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f]8L lbPdf jf cGo
s'g} sf/0faf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfdf /fv]sf]
lwtf] ;'/If0fsf] df]n 36\g uPdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt

Ufnt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{ k|of]u ePsfn] ;f]nfO{

;Rofpgsf nfuL .

C0fLn] efvf g3fO a;]sf] / lwtf]df /fv]sf]

;DklQaf6 n]gf /sd c;'n gx'g] ePdf
C0fLsf] :jfldTjdf /xsf] cGo ;DklQ pk/ a}s+
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :jtM xsbfjL /xg]
Joj:YffnfO{ k|i6 ?kdf pNn]v ug{ .

#^

#&

;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq To:tf] JolQm, kmd{,

sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 ;f] afkt yk lwtf] ;'/If0f
/fVg nufpg ;Sg]5 . shf{ lng] JolQm, kmd{,
sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf]
Dofbleq yk lwtf] ;'/If0f g/fv]df jf /fv]sf] lwtf]
;'/If0faf6 ;fjfF Aofh c;'npk/ x'g g;s]df
lghsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf lghsf] xs nfUg] cGo
rn crn ;DklQaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn]

k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] ;fjfF Aofh
c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq yk

lwtf] ;'/If0f g/fv]df jf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;'/If0faf6 ;fjfF Aofh
c;'npk/ x'g g;s]df lghsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf lghsf] xs
nfUg] cGo rn crn ;DklQaf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] shf{
lnFbf jf lbFbf /fv]sf] lwtf] ;/x dfgL pQm ;DklQaf6 ;d]t
cfgf] ;fjfF Aofh c;'npk/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf -(_

Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfn] bkmf %! df pNn]v eP
k|rlnt shf{ ckn]vg ljlgodsf] clwgdf /xL
ckn]vg u/]sf] shf{sf] c;"nL sf/afxL /f]Sg
kfpg] 5}g .

bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf -(_ sf] Joxf]/fnfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g

ug]{ .

Efflifs z'4tf ldnfpgsf nfuL .

Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] bkmf %! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd

k|rlnt shf{ ckn]vg ljlgodsf] clwgdf /xL ckn]vg u/]sf]
shf{sf] c;"nL sf/afxL /f]Sg kfpg] 5}g .

bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf !@ kl5 gofF pkbkmfx? Yfk bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf !@ kl5 lgDg cg';f/sf] pkbkmf ul/Psf]
!#_, -!$_, -!%_,!%_,-!^_,!^_,-!&_ tyf -!*_ yk ug]{M

-!#_ shf{ ;+emf}tf jf zt{ sa'lnotsf] kfngf gu/]sf] jf

lnvtsf] efvfleq s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{ r'Qmf
gu/]sf] eGg] ;d]t cfwf/df pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ lwtf]sf] ;DklQ
lnnfd ljs|L u/L jf cGo Joj:yf u/L shf{sf] ;fFjf, Aofh jf
cGo n]gf c;"n ug]{ sf/jfxL z'? ug'{eGbf klxn] shf{ lbg] a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1af6 lwtf]df /x]sf]
gtd d"No Plsg
;DklQsf] d"Nof+sg u/fO{ o:tf] ;DklQsf] Go"gtd
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!$_

pkbkmf !# cg';f/ Plsg ul/Psf] d"Nosf] af/]df

shf{sf] nflu lbOPsf] lwtf] ljs|L u/L shf{sf]

;fFjf, Aofh c;"n ug]{ sf/jfxL z'? eP kl5
lwtf]sf] d"Nof+sgsf] ljifodf cgfjZos ljjfb
p7fO{ cbfntx?df k|j]z ug]{ / o; jf/]df
cbfntx?af6 x'g] cfb]zdf Ps ?ktf gePsf]
/ ;do ;dodf c;fGble{s cfb]z hf/L x'g]
sf/0faf6 shf{ c;"n ug'{ k/]sf] Jojxfl/s
;d:of x6fpg cfjZos ePsf] .

;DalGwt C0fL jf lwtf]sf] ;DklQsf] dflnsnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'

kg]{5 . o:tf] hfgsf/Lsf] ;"rgf a'lem glnPdf jf C0fL jf shf{ lnO{ pkef]u ug]{ t/ shf{sf] ;fFjf Aofh
lwtf]sf] ;DklQsf] dflns km]nf gk/]df /fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs ltg'{sf] ;f 3/ kl/jf/sf JolQmx?af6
c+za08f nufotsf d'2fx? cbfntdf bfo/
klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-!%_ pkbkmf -!#_ cg';f/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] d"Nodf ;DalGwt
C0fL jf lwtf]sf] ;DklQsf] dflnsnfO{ lrQ ga'em] cfkm"n]
pko'Qm 7fg]sf] d"No v'nfO{ ;f] d"Nosf] %) /sd ;DalGwt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf w/f}6L /fvL pkbkmf -!$_ cg';f/sf] ;"rgf
k|fKt u/]sf] jf pQm ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflzt ePsf] #%
lbgleq /fi6 a}+sdf ph'/L lbg ;Sg] 5 . o:tf] ph'/L pk/ /fi6
a}+sn] ph'/L k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] () lbg leq lg0f{o lbg' kg]{5 .
lwtf]sf] d"Nof+sgsf] ;DaGwdf /fi6 a}+ssf] cfjZos 5fgjLg
u/LL lg0f{o ug]{ / o:tf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
u/
t/, lwtf]sf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs lnnfd u/L ljqmL ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nfuL ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L o:tf] ;'rgfsf]
cfwf/df k|fKt ePsf sDtLdf tLg k|:tfjsx?sf] jLrdf
;DalGwt
k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ lwtf]sf] ;DklQ ljqmL ul/Psf] eP ;
DalGwt a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L / k|:tfjsx? jf k|:tfjsx?
aLr ldn]dtf] /x]sf] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s
Go"gtd d"No eGbf sd d"Nodf lwtf]sf] ;DkQL lnnfd ljqmL
ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df dfq o:tf] lnnfd ljqmL ab/ x'g] 5}g .
-!^_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] shf{sf] ;'/If0f jfkt s'g} rn
crn ;DklQ lwtf] n]lv lbO{ o:tf] lnvt k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g
cg';f/ /lhi6]zg ug'{kg]{ eP ;DalGwt lgsfodf /lhi6]zg
kfl/t u/fO{ lnPsf]df o; bkmfdf Joj:yf eP cg';f/ C0f
c;"nLsf] k|s[of z'? ePkl5 pQm ;DklQsf c+lzof/ jf
c8\8f
xsbf/x?sf jLrdf s'g} c8
\8f cbfntdf d'2f rn]sf] eGg]
cfwf/af6 o; bkmfdf pNn]lvt k|s[of cg';f/ lwtf]df /x]sf]
;DkQL lnnfd ljs|L nufot cGo s'g} Joj:yf u/L a}+s jf

u/L lwtf] ljs|L u/L shf{sf] ;fFjf Jofh c;"n

ug]{ sfo{df cgfjZos jfwf c8\rg v8f ug]{ /
o; ljifodf cbfntx?af6 hf/L x'g]
cfb]zx?df ;d]t Ps?ktf geO{ c;fGble{s
cfb]z hf/L ug]{ u/fpg] k|j[lQ /f]Sg cfjZos
sfg"gL Joj:yf cfjZos ePsf]n]

ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{sf] ;fFjf, Aofh jf cGo

cGo n]gf c;"n pk/
u/L lng] sfo{ /f]Sg], :ylut ug]{ jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] afwf
lj/f]w ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-!&_ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+u b'O{ kIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;DaGw :yfkgf
ePsf cGt/fli6o ;+3;+:yf, a}+s tyf sf]ifx?n] g]kfn /fi6
cg'g';f/ g]kfndf
a}+ssf] :jLs[tL lnO{ k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g c
yfx?nfO{O{ lbPsf] C0f
;+:yfkgf ePsf sDkgL tyf ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?nf
c;"n ug]{ s|ddf pQm C0fsf] ;'/If0f jfkt lwtf] lnP lbPsf]
rn crn ;DklQ lnnfd jf cGo k|s[ofaf6 ljqmL ubf{ ;d]t
o; bkmfdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf nfu' x'g] 5 .
-!*_ cGo k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gdf h'g;'s} Joj:yf ul/Psf]
ePtfklg s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s'g} JolQm, sDkgL jf
;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] shf{sf] ;fFjf tyf Jofhsf] /sdsf]
cfk\mgf]
;DaGwdf o:tf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfk
\mgf] lgoldt
sf/f]af/sf] l;nl;nfdf /fv]sf] clen]v jf vftfdf pNn]v
ul/Psf] ljj/0fdf s'g} oflGqs q'6L ePsf] jf ablgot ;fy
tof/ ul/Psf] eGg] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft geP;Dd pQm ljj/0fnfO{
sfg"gL dfGotf lbOg]5 . shf{ jf cGo a}ls ;'ljwf lng]
JolQmm jf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ o:tf] ljj/0f k|fKt eO{ oflGqs e"n
JolQ
yfnfO{O{
ePsf] Joxf]/f ;Rofpg ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnf
hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 klg o:tf] e"n g;RofPsf] jf ablgot ;fy
cfkm"Fn] lnPsf] shf{ / ltg{ a'emfpg kg]{ ;fFjf, Jofh jf cGo
n]gfsf] ljj/0f e'm77\7f
\7f tof/ u/] u/fPsf] eGg] nfu]df o:tf]
ljj/0f k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] #) lbg leq /fi6 a}{+sdf ph'/L ug{
;Sg]5 . o; jf/]df /fi6
/fi6 a}s+sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . /fi6 a}+sn]
cGoyf cfb]z u/]s]f cj:yfdf afx]s a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6
shf{ lnO{ efvf leq o:tf] shf{sf] ;fjfF Jofh r'Qmf gug]{
C0fLn] x/lx;fa u/fO{ kfpF eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljjfb l;h{gf u/L
Jofh
lwtf]sf] ljqmLaf6 shf{sf] ;fFjf, Jo
fh c;'n pk/ ug]{ u/fpg]
k|s[of;Fu ;DaGWfLt s'g} sfo{ /f]Sg jf s'g} Joxf]/fn] cj?4 ug{

kfpg] 5}g .

#*

bkmf ^# df gofF Joj:Yff yk

bkmf ^# sf] v08 -_ kl5 b]xfoad]flhdsf] v08 -r_ / -5_

yk ug]{

-r_ g]kfn /fi6 a}s+n] tof/ kf/]sf] n]vfkl/Ifsx?sf] ;"rLaf6

;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfkl/Ifs lgo'Qm ug{sf
nfuL l;kmf/Lz ug]{
-5_ o; P]g adf]lhd Joj:fflos ;+rfns lgo'Qm x'gsf nfuL
of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmx? dWo]af6 Joj;flos ;+rfnssf] lgo'QmL
ug{sf nfuL of]Uo JolQmx? 5gf]6 u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ .

#(

bkmf ^% sf] pkbkmf -@_

;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs
lgo'lQm ubf{ /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[t
u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] ;"rLdf /x]sf n]vfk/LIfsx?
dWo]af6 ug'{ kg]{]5 .

bkmf ^% sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] Joxf]/fnfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g

ug]{ M
;fwf/0f ;efn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{

n]vfkl/If0f ;ldltn] l;kmf/Lz u/]sf] n]vfkl/Ifs dWo]af6

Pshgf n]vfkl/Ifs lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{]5 .

n]vfkl/If0f ;ldltsf] clwsf/x?df s]xL yk

ug{sf nfuL plrt x'g] ePsfn] .
a}s+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfkl/If0f ug{sf
nfuL k|:t't ljwo]sf] bkmf ^% -@_ adf]lhd
g]kfn /fi6 a}s+n] :jLs[t u/]sf of]Uo
n]vfkl/Ifsx? dWo]af6 g} n]vfkl/Ifssf]
lgo'QmL x'g ;Sg] ePsfn] ;f] Joj:yf ;Fu
k|:t't v08x?df ;fd~h:otf ldnfpgsf nfuL
.
n]vfkl/If0f ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf]
n]vfkl/Ifsx?dWo]af6 n]vfkl/Ifs lgo'Qm ug{'
pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn] o; cg';f/ Joj:yf ug{
plrt x'g] .

$)

$!

$@

bkmf ^* sf] pkbkmf -&_

;ldltn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg z]o/wgLx?sf]
jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf
k9]/ ;'gfpg' kg]{5 .

bkmf ^* sf] pkbkmf -&_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{

kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
;ldltn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg z]o/wgLx?sf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z

bkmf &@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_

k'FhLsf]if ckof{Kt /x]sf] jf ljut tLg jif{b]lv
ljQLo l:ylt
vS;b} uPsf],

bkmf &@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{ M
k'FhLsf]if ckof{Kt /x]sf] jf ljut tLg jif{b]lv ljQLo l:ylt
v:sb} uPsf] .

bkmf &@ df gofF Joj:yf yk

bkmf &@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ kl5 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] pkbkmf

pkbkmf -$_ yk
ug]{ .

ug'{kg]{ 5 .

;ldltn] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f

k|ltj]bg z]o/wgLx?sf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf
k9]/ ;'gfpg' eGbf lnlvt ?kdf jf cGo
k|efjsf/L ljB'lto dfWodaf6 k]z ug'{
Jojxf/Ls lx;fjn] pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn] .

Efflifs z'4tf ldnfpgsf nfuL .

a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] cfly{s l:ytLdf

k|lts'n c;/ kg]{ u/L ufEg] cfb]z lbOg] 5}g
egL k|Tofe"t ug{sf nfuL .

ufEg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf ljQLo l:ytLdf

k|lts'n c;/ kg]{ u/L pkbkmf -@_ tyf -#_ cGtu{t s'g} cfb]z
hf/L u/Lg] 5}g .
$#

bkmf &( sf] pkbkmf -!_

bkmf &( sf] pkbkmf -!_ nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{ .

-!_ nlIft ;+:yfn] cfgf] ;DklQ / bfloTj

tyf sf/f]jf/sf] kl5Nnf] d"Nofg ug{ cfgf]
;fwf/0f ;efaf6 lg0f{o u/L lgo'Qm ul/Psf] jf
;fwf/0f ;efn] clVtof/L lbP adf]lhd ;~rfns
;ldltn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] n]vfk/LIfsaf6 ;DklQ /
bfloTj tyf sf/f]jf/sf] kl5Nnf] cjlwsf] d"Nofg

-!_bkmf &* cg';f/ k|flKt ;DaGwL k|s[of cufl8 a9fpg

;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt ePkl5 nlIft ;+:yfn] cfgf] ;DklQ /
bfloTj tyf sf/f]jf/sf] kl5Nnf] d"Nofg ug{ cfgf] ;fwf/0f
;efaf6 lg0f{o u/L lgo'Qm ul/Psf] jf ;fwf/0f ;efn] clVtof/L
lbP adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] a}s+ jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] n]vfkl/If0f ug{ of]Uotf k'u]sf d'Nofgstf{af6 ;DklQ,

;}4flGts ;xdlt k|fKt ePkl5 dfq k|flKtsf]

k|s[of cuf8L a9\g ;Sg] eGg] Joj:yfnfO{
P]gdf g} :ki6 ?kn] pNn]v ug{ plrt x'g] .
a}s+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] n]vfkl/If0f ug{
of]Uotf k'u]sf n]vfkl/Ifsx?af6 dfq ;DklQ,

u/fpg' kg]{5 .

$$

$^

bfloTj tyf sf/f]jf/sf] kl5Nnf] cjlwsf]

d"Nofg u/fpg' ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ P]gdf g} :ki6
?kdf pNn]v ug'{ plrt x'g] .

bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_

-s_ ;Dk"0f{ lgIf]k tyf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo
bfloTj tf]lsPsf] ;doleq lkmtf{\ jf k"/f ug]{,

$%

bfloTj tyf sf/f]jf/sf] kl5Nnf] cjlwsf] d"Nofg u/fpg' kg]{5

.

bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -$_ df] Joj:Yff M

-$_ :j]lR5s vf/]hLdf uPsf] a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf
lnPsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ jf sfg"g adf]lhd bfjL
ul/Psf] ;DklQ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cjlwleq
;DalGwt ;DklQ wgLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -!_
-!_
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hLsf
;DaGwdf o; P]gdf n]lvP hlt s'/fx?sf
;DaGwdf o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ nfO{ lgDg cg';f/
Efflifs z'4tf ldnfpgsf nfuL .
kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
-s_ ;Dk"0f{ lgIf]k tyf /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf] cGo bfloTj tf]lsPsf]
;doleq lkmtf{\ jf k"/f u/]sf] x'gkg]{ .

bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] cy{ / p2]Zo v'nfpg] .

bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;6\

\6fdf b]xfosf] pkbkmf -!_ /fVg]
;66fdf
.

-!_ g]fkn /fi6 a}s+sf] lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df cbfntn] s'g} a}s+

jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] vf/]hLsf] k|s[of z'? ug{ cfb]z lbPsf]
cj:yfdf dfq a}s+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hLsf]
k|s[of z'? x'g]5 .

o; pkbkmfsf] Joj:yfdf cfkm\g} :jfldTjdf

/x]sf] ;DklQ s'g wgLnfO{ s] stL sf/0fn]
lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ xf] ;f] gv'nfOPsf] n] o;
pkbkmfsf] k|of]hg :ki6 x'g ;s]g .

g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] lgj]bgaf6 dfq afWofTds

vf/]hLsf] k|s[of z"? ug{ pko'Qm x'g] .

$&

bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -@_

bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -@_ nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{

-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} JolQmn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf o; kl/R5]b
adf]lhd jfWofTds vf/]hLdf kg{ ;Sg] s'g} cj:yf ljBdfg
ePsf] eGg] cfwf/ v'nfO{ afWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu g]kfn /fi6
a}+s ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

$*

-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} JolQmn] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf

o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd jfWofTds vf/]hLdf kg{
;Sg] s'g} cj:yf ljBdfg ePsf] kfPdf vf/]hLsf]
nflu
cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-s_ e'QmfgL of]Uo lgIf]k /sd e'QmfgL dfu ubf{
To:tf] e'QmfgL gkfpg] lgIf]kstf{,
-v_ k|rlnt bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhd
jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg ;Ifd
JolQm,
bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -#_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg
pk/
cbfntn] /fi6 a}+ssf] /fo dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .

afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[of /fi6 a}s+n] dfq

cl3 a9fpg ;Sg] Joj:yfsf ul/Psf]n] ;f]xL
cg';f/ o; pkbkmfdf ;fd~h:otf ldnfpgsf
nfuL .

-s_ e'QmfgL of]Uo lgIf]k /sd e'QmfgL dfu ubf{ To:tf] e'QmfgL
gkfpg] lgIf]kstf{,
-v_ k|rlnt bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL sfg"g adf]lhd jfWofTds
vf/]hLsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg ;Ifd JolQm,
bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] ;6\
\6fdf b]xfo cg';f/sf] pkbkmf ;66fdf
#_ /fVg]M
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt eP kl5 lgIf]kstf{nsf]
lxtsf] /Iffsf] nflu pko'Qm Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;DaGwLt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] tTsfn} lgIf]kstf{ / cGo ;fx'x?nfO{ e'QmfgL ug{
kg]{ ePsf] /sd jf bfloTj tTsfn e'QmfgL ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5
jf 5}g / afWotds vf/]hLsf] dfu ug]{ lgj]bsx?sf] dfu
cg';f/ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ afWofTds vf/]hLdf
n}hfgkg]{ cj:yf 5 jf 5}g eGg] af/]df hfFra'em u/L ;'emfj
;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1x? ;d]t /xg]
u/L sDtLdf tLg ;b:oLo hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .

a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo l:yLlt

(Solvency) sf] kl/If0f ug{ hfFra'em ;ldltsf]
u7g ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n].

$(

%)

%!

bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -$_

pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg /fi6 a}+ssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt ljgf s'g} klg a}+s
jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf]
nflu cbfnt ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] 5}g .

pkbkmf -$_ ;6\

;66df
\6df b]xfosf] pkbkmf -$_ /fVg] M

bkmf () df gofF Joj:yf yk

bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -$_ kl5 b]xfo cg';f/sf] pkbkmf -%_ yk

ug]{ .

bkmf (!sf] v08 -r_

r_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g]
egL /fi6 a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf
cGo cj:yf kfOPdf .

pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ul7t hfFra'em ;ldltsf]

k|ltj]bg;d]tsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
afWoTTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[odf
km/kmf/sdf k7fpg' jf tTsfn afWo
n}hfg pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] af/]df /fi6 a}+sn] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .

afWoTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[of z'? ug'{eGbf klxn]

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf bfdf;fxLdf k/]sf]
cj:yf ku']sf] xf] ls xf]Og, a}s+ jf ljQLo
;+:yfnfO{ tTsfn jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[ofdf
n}hfg'sf cltl/Qm cGo ljsNkx?sf] vf]hL
ul/g' pko''{Qm b]lvg] ePsfn] .

-%_ pkbkmf -$_ cg';f/ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{

afWofTds vf/]hLdf n}hfg] lg0f{o u/]df bkmf (! cg';f/
afWoTds vf/]hLsf] nflu cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg'eGbf klxn]
lgIf]kstf{x?n] lgIf]k aLdf jfkt k|fKt ug{ kfpg] /sd e'QmfgL
ug'{ egL ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do
tf]sL lgb]{zg lbg]5 . /fi6 a}s+n] tf]ssf] ;do leq ;DalGwt
a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] lgIf]kstf{x?n] kfpg kg]{ pNn]lvt /sd
aLdff ;'/If0f ug]{
e'Qmfg ug{ g;s]df lgIf]ksf] aLdf ug]{ jf aLd
lgsfoaf6 o:tf] /sd e'QmfgL u/fO{ o; kl/R5]b cg';f/ To:tf]
a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWoTds vf/]hLsf] nflu /fi6 a}+sn]
cbfnt ;DfIf lgj]bg lbg]5 .

lgIf]k aLdf sf] dfWodaf6 lgIf]kstf{nfO{

lglZrt l;df;Dd lgIf]k lkmtf{ ug]{ Joj:yf
ubf{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf Pj+ ;du| ljQLo
If]qdf hgdfg; df ljQLo If]qk|lt ljZjf;
(Confidence) a9\g] x'gfn] ;+ej eP;Dd
afWoTds vf/]hLsf] cbfntL k|s[of z'?x'g' eGbf
klxn] g} aLdf ul/Psf] lgIf]k lkmtf{ ug'{
pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn] .

bkmf (!sf] v08 -r_ sf] ;6\

;66fdf
\6fdf b]xfo cg';f/sf] v08 -r_
/fVg] .

afWofTds vf/]hL x'g ;Sg] cj:yfx? Sf

;DaGwdf P]gdf g} lj:t[t Joj:Yff ug'{ plrt
x'g] .

-r_ bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/ k/]sf] lgj]bg pk/

sf/jfxL u/L /fi6 a}+sn] pkbkmf -$_ cg';/f s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g] egL lg0f{o u/]df .

%@

gofF Joj:yf yk ug]{

bkmf (!sf] v08 -r_ kl5 b]xfosf v08 -5_ / -h_ yk ug]{ .

--5_ g]kfn /fi6 aa}}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *^ sf] v08 -5_
tyf pQm P]gsf] bkmf ** sf] v08 -em_ cg';f/ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g}
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ afWofTds vf/]hLdf n}hfg] lgof{o
u/]df .
!!*--%_ cg';f/ /fi6 a}+sn] s'g} a}+s jf
-h_ o; P]gsf] bkmf !!*
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWofTds vf/]hL x'g] u/L lg0f{o u/]df .
%#

%$

bkmf (# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] b]xfo v08 -s_ /

v08 -v_
-s_ bkmf
($ adf]lhdsf] s'g} cfwf/,
-v_ bkmf
(% sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf]
sfuhft,

bkmf (# sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] b]xfo v08 -s_ / v08 -v_ sf]
;6\6f
\6f lgDg adf]ldhsf] v08 -s_ tyf v08 -v_ /fVg] .
;6
-s_ bkmf (!
(! adf]lhdsf] s'g} cfwf/,
-v_ bkmf (@ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfuhft,

unt bkmfsf] ;Gbe{ k|of]u ePsfn] .

gofF Joj:Yff yk

bkmf (# sf] pkbkmf -@_ kl5 b]xfo adf]lhd sf] pkbkmf -#_
yk ug]{ .

;D:ofu|:t a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k"g{;+/rgf

x'g g;Sg] af/]df /fi6 a}+sn] lj:t[t cWoog
u/]kl5 o; jf/]df cbfntaf6 5'6\6} hfFra'em
u/fO/xg' cfjZos gx'g] .

-#_ a}s+ ty ljQLo ;+:yfsf] afWoTds vf/]hLsf] ;DaGwdf

bfdf;fxL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf -#_ tyf -$_ /
pQm P]gsf] kl/R5]b # tyf $ / k'g;{+/rgf ;DaGwL cGo s'g}
klg Joj:yfdf nfu'x'g] 5}g .

%%

bkmf !!) sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_

-v_ d'2lt, art, rNtL jf cGo lgIf]k vftfdf
/x]sf] /sd,

%^

%&

bkmf !!) sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ nfO{ df b]xfo cg';f/
kl/dfh{g ug]{ M
lgIf]k aLdf jfkt e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd s6fP\/
e'QmfgLsf] k|fyldstfs|d tf]Sg' plrt x'g] .
-v_ lgIf]k aLdf jfkt e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd s6fO{ d'2lt,
art, rNtL jf cGo lgIf]k vftfdf /x]sf] /sd,

bkmf !!!
-!_ bfjL jf bfloTjsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ cfkmgf]
/sd jf j:t' lkmtf{ lng o; k/R5]b adf]lhd
;"rgf lbOPsf]df To:tf] /sd jf j:t' lkmtf{ lng
;DalGwt JolQm tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lng gcfPdf
To:tf] j:t' jf /sd /fi6 a}+sn] lgb]{zg lbP
adf]lhd
lnlSj8]6/n] Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{5 .

bkmf !!! nfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{ M

bkmf !!$
Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLM Ps eGbf a9L
d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]\
zfvfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf]\ k|lqmof /fi6 a}+sn]
cGt/f{li6o k|rngnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL to u/]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf
sfd ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hL
o;} kl/R5]b adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bkmf !!$ sf] ;6\

\6fdf b]xfo adf]lhd sf] bkmf !!$ /fVg] .
;66fdf
Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLM Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/
ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] zfvfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|lqmof
/ o; ;DaGwdf ;DaGwLt b]zsf cbfnt jf s]GbLo a}+s
nufot cGo lgodgsf/L lgsfox? aLr cfk;L ;xof]usf]
cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGWfdf cGt/fli6o Jofkf/ sfg"g ;DaGwL
;+o'Qm /fi6 ;+l3o cfof]u sf] bfdf;fxL k|s[of ;DaGwL gd'gf
sfg"g -df]8]n n cg qm; af]8{/ OG;Ne]G;L _ ;d]tsf] cfwf/df
/fi6 a}+sn] agfPsf] lgod adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;xfos sDkgLsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] jfWofTds vf/]hL o;} kl/R5]b adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-!_ bfjL jf bfloTjsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ cfkmgf] /sd jf j:t'

lkmtf{ lng o; k/R5]b adf]lhd ;"rgf lbOPsf]df To:tf] /sd
jf j:t' lkmtf{ lng ;DalGwt JolQm tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lng
gcfPdf To:tf] j:t' jf /sd /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] ;+:yf jf

bfjL gk/]sf] ;DklQ jf /sd lkmtf{ ug{

gcfPsf] /sdsf] lhDdf lng] JolQm, ;+:yf jf
lgsfo sf /fi6a}s+n] tf]lsFbLbf lnSjL8]6/nfO{
;xh x'g' sf ;fy} lghsf] lhDd]jf/L klg k'/f
x'g] .

lgsfosf] lhDdfdf nufpg]5 .

Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd sf/f]af/ ug]{ kmd{

jf sDkgLsf] bfdf;fxLsf] k|s[ofsf ;DaGwdf
cGt/fli6o Jofkf/ sfg"g ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6
;+l3o cfof]u sf] bfdf;fxL k|s[of ;DaGwL
gd'gf sfg"g -df]8]n n cg qm; af]8{/
OG;Ne]G;L _ df lj:t[t Joj:Yff ul/Psf]n] pQm
gd'gf sfg"gdf ulPsf] sfg"gnfO{ ;Gbe{df lnO{
/fi6 a}+sn] Ps eGbf a9L d'n'sdf sfd
sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]\ zfvfsf]
jfWofTds vf/]hLsf]\ k|lqmof sf ;DaGwdf
cfjZos lgod agfpg' pko'Qm x'g] ePsfn] .

%*

%(

bkmf !!^ sf] pkbkmf -!_

-!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf
klg /fi6 a}+sn] b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf s'g} klg
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd
cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ km/kmf/ssf] sfo{ cufl8
j9fpg ;Sg]5
-s_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] bfloTj e'QmfgL
ug{ g;s]df,
-v_ ;'kl/j]IfsLo ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df cfkm\gf]
bfloTj e'QmfgL ug{ g;s]df, e'QmfgL ug{'
kg{] bfloTjx? k"/f ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] v'b ;DklQ eGbf
bfloTj a9L ePdf,
-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] tf]s]sf ;a} k|sf/sf k"FhL tyf
sf]ifx?n] ;d]t vfDg g;Sg] u/L a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yf 3f6fdf uPdf,
-_ /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] lg0f{o u/]df
.
bkmf !!* sf] pkbkmf -%_
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{
bfloTj k"/f ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf? ?kn]
;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf
/fi6 a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]
btf{ vf/]hL ug{
cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .

bkmf !!^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;6\

;66fdf
\6fdf b]xfosf] pkbkmf -!_
/fVg] M

-!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg g]kfn

/fi6 a}+s P]g , @)%* sf] bkmf **s df Joj:yf ul/Pcg';f/
cfkm\gf]
/fi6 a}+sn] s'g} klg a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm
\gf] lgoGq0fdf
lnO{ km/kmf/ssf] sfo{ cufl8 j9fpg ;Sg]5 .

;d:ofu|:t a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ /fi6 a}+sn]

lgoGq0fdf lnO{ km/kmf/s ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfsf
;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf]
bkmf **s df g} Joj:yf ul/Psf]n] ;f] ljifodf
o; bkmfdf s]xL pNn]v ul//xg' cfjZos gkg]{
.

bkmf !!* sf] pkbkmf -%_ df b]xfo cg';f/sf] Joj:yf yk ug]{ .

pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgaf6 ;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf
;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] s'/fdf /fi6
a}+s ljZj:t ePdf /fi6 a}+sn] To:tf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yfsf]

;DaGwdf lgDgadf]lhd b'O{ dWo] s'g} Ps sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] 5

M
-s_ o; P]gsf] kl/R5]b !! ddff ul/Psf] Joj:Yff cg';f/
afWoTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[of z'? ug]{, jf
-v_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g @)%* sf] bkmf **s df ul/Psf]
Joj:Yff cg';f/ km/kmf/ssf] sf/jfxL cuf8L a9fpg] .

;DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt ;+:yf cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{

kg]{ bfloTj k"/f ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;'rf?
?kn] ;~rfng x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf pknAw
Ps eGbf a9L ljsNkx?sf] 5gf}6 ;DaGwdf
:ki6 Joj:yf ug{ .

^)

^!

^@

bkmf !@) sf] pkbkmf -!_

bkmf !@) sf] pkbkmf -!_ df lgDgfg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{ .

-!_ bkmf !!& adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] u/]sf] sf/afxL pk/ lrQ
-!_ bkmf !!& adf]lhd /fi6 a}+sn] u/]sf] sf/afxL ga'emfpg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf ;~rfns, z]o/wgL
pk/ lrQ ga'emfpg] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf jf ;f]sf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] sf/afxLsf] cfb]z kfPsf] ldltn]
k}+tL; lbgleq cbfnt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] To:tf]
sf/afxLsf] cfb]z kfPsf]
ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq cbfnt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{
;Sg]5 .
bkmf !@) sf] pkbkmf -#_
bkmf !@) sf] pkbkmf -#_ nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ kl/dfh{g ug]{
-#_ kbaf6 x6fO{Psf] jf jvf{:t ul/Psf] s'g} a}+s -#_ kbaf6 x6fO{Psf] jf jvf{:t ul/Psf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo
jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfns,
;+:yfsf] ;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L To:tf] sf/afxL
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L To:tf] sf/afxL ePsf]
ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ gk'u];Dd jf lghn] cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg
ldltn] kfFr jif{ gk'u];Dd jf lghn] cbfntdf
u/]sf] ePdf ;f] k'g/fj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/f eO{ /fi6 a}+saf6
ePsf] sf/jfxL ab/ geP;Dd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] ePdf ;f] k'g/fj]bgsf] clGtd
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]
lsgf/f geP;Dd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
5}g .
;~rfns, kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L eO{ sfd
sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
bkmf !@!
bkmf !@! Dff b]xfo cg';f/sf] k|ltaGwfTds afSofz+ yk ug]{
bkmf !@% adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2f afx]s
bkmf !@% adf]lhd bfo/ ePsf d'2f afx]s
/fi6 a}+sn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :j:y
/fi6 a}+sn] a}+ls tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :j:y ljsf;, :yfloTj
ljsf;, :yfloTj tyf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt Pj+
tyf lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt Pj+ ljQLo ck/fw lgoGq0fnfO{ Wofgdf
ljQLo ck/fw lgoGq0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL /fi6 a}s /fvL /fi6 a}s jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf kIf jf ljkIf
jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yf kIf jf ljkIf
ePsf b]jfgL k|s[ltsf s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL, sf/f]af/ / ;f];+u
ePsf b]jfgL k|s[ltsf s'g} klg sfd sf/afxL,
;DalGwt ljifodf s'g} klg cbfntdf ljrf/flwg /x]sf] s'g} jf
sf/f]af/ / ;f];+u ;DalGwt ljifodf s'g} klg
;a} d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ a9Ldf Ps aif{;Dd :yug ug]{ u/L
cbfntdf ljrf/flwg /x]sf] s'g} jf ;a} d'2fsf]
cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpg ;af{]Rr cbfnt jf ;DalGwt cbfntdf
;'g'jfO{ a9Ldf Ps aif{;Dd :yug ug]{ u/L
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpg ;af{]Rr cbfnt jf
t/, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f c;"nL ;Fu ;DaGwLt
;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
d'4fsf] sf/jfxL jf ;''jfO{ :ylut ug]{ u/L ;jf}{Rr cbfntn] s'g}

klg cfb]z hf/L ug]{ 5}g .

/fi6 a}+sn] u/]sf] sf/afxL z]o/wgL ;d]tnfO{

k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] x'gfn] dsf{ kg]{ z]o/wgL
;d]tnfO{ k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf]
;'lgZrttf ug'{ pko'{Qm x'g] ePsfn] .

k'g/fj]bg pk/ sf/jfxL eO{ /fi6 a}+ssf] lg0f{o

;b/ ePsf] cj:yfdf s] x'g] eGg] s'/fnfO{
:ki6 kfg{ .

a}s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f c;'nL k|s[ofnfO{

cj?4 kfg]{ jf afwf k'ofpg] p2]Zon] ljleGg
lsl;dsf ljjfb lemsL ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf hfg]
k|j[QL a9]sf] kfOPsfn] .

^#

^$

bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -7_

-em_
em_ v08 -s_ b]lv -h_ ;Ddsf] s;"/ ug{ pBf]u ug]{ jf

cg'qmlds q'6L ;RofOPsf] .

-7_ v08 -s_ b]lv -h_ ;Ddsf] s;"/ ug{

pBf]u ug]{ jf To:tf] s;"/ ug{ s'g} klg lsl;dn]
d2t k'ofPdf .

To:tf] s;"/ ug{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] d2t k'ofPdf .

bkmf !@^ sf] v08 -s_ , -v_, -3_ -_

bkmf !@^ sf] v08 -s_ , -v_, -3_ / -_ df b]xfo cg';f/

kl/dfh{g ug]{
-s_ bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/
u/]df ;f]sf] lauf] hkmt u/L lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf /
tLg jif{ b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd s}b,

;hfoFsf] Go'gtd Pj+ clwstd xbsf] Joj:yf

sfg"gdf g} gtf]lsObf Gofostf{df cToflws
:jljj]lso clwsf/ k|fKt x'g] / o;af6 GofoLs
ljrng Pj+ ljs[tLsf] ;+efjgf a9\g hfg] .

-s_ bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_

adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df ;f]sf] lauf] hkmt
u/L lauf]sf] tLg u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf / kfFr
jif{;Dd s}b,
-v_ bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_
adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt
u/L lauf]sf] b'O{ u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf / b'O{ jif{;Dd
s}b,

-v_ bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/
u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L lauf]sf] b'O{ u'0ff;Dd hl/afgf /
5 dlxgf b]lv b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b,

-3_ bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -h_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/
u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L lauf] a/fa/sf] hl/jfgf / 5
-3_ bkmf !@@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -h_ , -em_, dlxgf ;Dd s}b,

- -`_ jf -6_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df
lauf] eP ;f] hkmt u/L lauf] a/fa/sf] hl/jfgf / -_ v08 -em_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df lauf] eP ;f] hkmt
u/L d'Vo JolQmnfO{ x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf .
5 dlxgf ;Dd s}b,
-_ v08
-7_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]df lauf] eP
;f] hkmt u/L d'Vo JolQmnfO{ x'g]
;hfosf] cfwf .

k||:t't ljwo]ssf] bkmf !@@ df v08 -`_ jf 6_ gePsf]n] ;f]sf] ;Gbe{ x6fOPsf] .

eflifs Pj+ cg'qmlds q'6L ;RofOPsf] .

^%

bkmf !#@
!#@= bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]ksf] ljj/0fM -!_ a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] bz jif{b]lv rNtL gePsf] tyf
o;P]g adf]lhd xs bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]k vftfx?sf]
ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] dlxgfleq/fi6
a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd

-rNtL gePsf] jf bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]k_
lng cfpg] ;"rgf k|To]s kfFr jif{df Ps k6s
/fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{
kg]{5 . ;f] sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] j]j;fO6df /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sd jL; aif{;Dd
lng a'em\g gcfPdf ;f] /sd /fi6 a}+ssf] a}+ls
ljsf; sf]ifdf hDdf u/L a}+lu ljsf;df k|of]u
ul/g]5 .+

^^

bkmf !$@
ljlgod agfpg] clwsf/
-!_ o; P]g, /fi6 a}+sn] tf]lslbPsf] zt{, ;Ldf
tyf dfkb08sf] cwLgdf /xL j}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfut, k|zf;lgs tyf
Joj;flos sf/f]af/ ;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng
ug{ ;ldltn] /fi6 a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ b]xfosf
ljifodf ljlgod agfO{ nfu" ug{ kg{]5 M
-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ;?jf, avf{:tL,
tna, eQf, pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f,

bkmf !#@ sf] Joj:yfnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ kl/dfh{g u/L s]xL yk

ug]{
!#@= bfjL gk/]sf] lgIf]ksf] ljj/0fM -!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
bz jif{b]lv rNtL gePsf] tyf o;P]g adf]lhd xs bfjL
gk/]sf] lgIf]k vftfx? Pj+ ljj/0f k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf]
dlxgfleq/fi6 a}+sdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sf] /sd lng
cfpg] ;"rgf k|To]s kfFr jif{df Ps k6s /fli6o :t/sf] b}lgs
klqsfdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f a}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] j]j;fO6df /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_df pNn]v ePadf]lhd rNtL gePsf] jf xsbfjL
gk/]sf] lgIf]kjfktsf] /sd ;DaGwLt lgIf]kstf{ jf lghsf]
sfg"gadf]lhsf] xsjfnfn] cfjZos k|df0f;lxt h'g;'s} avtdf
dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;DaGwLt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] o:tf] /sd
hlxn];'s} klg t'?Gt e'QmfgL ug{ ;Sg] u/L cfjZos JoJfj:yf
ldnfO{ /fVg'kg]{5 .
bkmf !$@ sf] ;6\
\6fdf b]xfo cg';f/ sf] bkmf !$@ /fVg]
;66fdf
ljlgod agfpg] clwsf/
-!_ o; P]g / g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g @)%* sf] clwgdf /xL /fi6
a}+sn] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zgsf] cwLgdf /xL j}+s jf
ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ;+:yfut, k|zf;lgs tyf Joj;flos
sf/f]af/ ;'Jojl:yt ?kn] ;~rfng ug{ ;DalGwt a}+s jf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] cfjZostf / cfFkm"n] ;+rfng
u/]sf] Joj;fosf] k|s[tL cg';f/ b]xfosf ljifodf ljlgod jf
sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug'{ kg{]5 M
-s_ sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf, ;?jf, avf{:tL, tna, eQf,

bfjL gk]/sf] lgIf]ksf] /sd sfg"g adf]lhdsf]

xsjfnfn] hlxn];'s} klg dfu ug{ kfpg]
;DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm
ePsf]n] .

ljbf, cfr/0f, cg'zf;g tyf ;]jfsf zt{ / To:tf] pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f,ljbf, cfr/0f, cg'zf;g tyf ;]jfsf zt{ /
To:tf] ;]jfsf] u7gsf] ;DaGwdf,
;]jfsf] u7gsf] ;DaGwdf,
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g
;DaGwdf,

-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwdf,

-u_ shf{ ckn]vg ug]{ ;DaGwdf,

-u_ shf{ ckn]vg ug]{ ;DaGwdf,

-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf cGo
laifosf ;DaGwdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ljifox?df afx]s
a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] b]xfosf laifodf
cfjZostf adf]lhd sfo{ljlw agfO{ nfu" ug'{
kg{]5 M

-3_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf cGo laifosf

;DaGwdf .
-_ ;ldltsf] a}7s / ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf,
-r_ ;ldltn] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{ ;DaGwdf,

-s_ ;ldltsf] a}7s / ;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfo{ljlwsf -5_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf tk{maf6 ul/g] s/f/ ;DaGwL
zt{x?sf] ;DaGwdf,
;DaGwdf,
-v_ ;ldltn] ;~rfns, sfo{sf/L k|d'v, kbflwsf/L -h_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] 5fk k|of]usf] sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf,
jf sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/ k|Tofof]hg ug]{
-em_ shf{ lb+bf /fVg] lwtf] ;'/If0f jf lnnfd ljqmL ug'{ kg]{ u}/
;DaGwdf,
a}+ls ;Dkltsf] d"Nofg ;DaGwdf,
-u_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf tk{maf6 ul/g] s/f/
-~f_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{ kg]{ cGo sfd
;DaGwL zt{x?sf] ;DaGwdf,
sf/afxLsf] ljifosf] ;DaGwdf,
-3_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] 5fk k|of]usf]
-6_ sfuhft w'Nofpg] ljifosf ;DaGwdf,
sfo{ljlwsf ;DaGwdf,
-_ shf{ lb+bf /fVg] lwtf] ;'/If0f jf lnnfd ljqmL
ug'{ kg]{ u}/ a}+ls ;Dkltsf] d"Nofg ;DaGwdf,

-7_ /fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf cGo aifosf

;DaGwdf .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljlgod jf sfo{ljlw o; P]g / /fi6

-r_ o; P]g adf]lhd a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] ug'{

kg]{ cGo sfd sf/afxLsf] ljifosf] ;DaGwdf,

a}+s P]g @)%* sf] clwgdf /xL /fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg, zt{
cflb ;Fu aflemPsf] ePdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd ;'?b]lv g} :jtM
ab/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .

-5_ sfuhft w'Nofpg] ljifosf ;DaGwdf,

^&

/fi6 a}+sn] ;do ;dodf tf]lslbPsf cGo

aifosf ;DaGwdf .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljlgod o; P]g, /fi6
a}+sn] lbPsf] lgb]{zg, zt{ cflb
;Fu aflemPsf] ePdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd ;'?b]lv g}
:jtM ab/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
bkmf !#%
5'6 / ;'ljwfM
-!_ s[lif, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, l;+rfO{, hn
ljB't pTkfbg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cGo
s'g} Joj;fosf] lgldQ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
g]kfnL gful/s jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;+:yflkt ;+:yfnfO{ lbg] a9Ldf bz nfv
?lkofF;Ddsf] shf{ lnvt /lhi6]zg ug'{kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ shf{ / lgIf]ksf] efsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfl;t ;DalGwt s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] lnvtdf cfo l6s6 b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .

-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljlgodx? ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/L

nfu' u/] kl5 ;f] sf] #% lbgleq o;sf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk
/fi6 a}+s ;dIf k]zug'{kg]{5.

bkmf !#% sf] ;6\

\6fdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] bkmf !#% /fVg] .
;66fdf

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ lwtf]df /x]sf] ;DklQ

cfk\mgf]
cfk
\mgf] gfddf :jfldTjdf lnFbf s'g} klg
-!_ s[lif, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, l;+rfO{, hn ljB't pTkfbg
tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] cGo s'g} Joj;fosf] lgldQ a}+s jf k|sf/sf] s/ jf b:t'/ gnfUg] u/L ;'ljwf lbg'
;++:yfn] g]kfnL gful/s jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
plrt x'g] ePsfn] .
ljQLo ;
;+:yflkt ;+:yfnfO{ lbg] a9Ldf bznfv ;Ddsf] shf{sf]
;DklQsf]
sf] lnvt
;'/If0fsf] nfuL ul/lbg] crn ;DklQ
sf] lwtf]sf]
/lhi6]zg ug'{kg]{ 5}g .

-@_ shf{ / lgIf]ksf] efsf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] tf]s] adf]lhd

x'g]5 .
-#_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfl;t ;DalGwt s'g} klg lsl;dsf]
lnvtdf cfo l6s6 b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
-$_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] bkmf %( sf] pkbkmf -^_ tyf
cfk\mgf]
pkbkmf -&_ cg';f/ lwtf]df /x]sf] ;DklQ cfk
\mgf] :jfldTjdf
lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;DklQ ;DaGwLt a}+s jf ljQLo
gfddff /lhi6]zg jf bflvn vf/]h ubf{ s'g} klg
;+:yfsf] gfdd
s// , b:t'/ jf z'Ns nfUg] 5}g .
k|sf/sf] s

^*

bkmf !$#

bkmf !$# sf] ;6\

;6\6fdf
6fdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] bkmf !$# /fVg] .

dWo:ytfM a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf aLrdf s'g}

lsl;dsf] ljjfb pTkGg ePdf /fi6 a}+sn]
dWo:ytf ug]{5 . o:tf] dWo:ytfsf ;DaGwdf
/fi6 a}+sn] lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

pTkGg
-!_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf aLr pTk
Gg x'g] s'g} ljjfb jf of]
P]g jf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s @)%* cGtu{t /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]s]f
s'g} lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf dfu{ lgb]{zgaf6 s'g} JolQm, o; P]g
cGtu{t Ohfht k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ dsf{ k/]sf]
ljifosf] ph'/L pk/ ;'g'jfO{ u/L lg0f{o ug{sf nflu g]kfn /fi6
a}+sn] ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL :yfoL ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ u7g x'g] :yfoL ;ldltdf lgDg
JolQmx? /xg]5gg\M\
-s_ k"g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo Gofolwzsf] kbaf6 cjsfz k|fKt
JolQmx? dWo]af6 Gofokl/ifbn] lgo'Qm u/]sf] JolQm cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf]
v08 -v_ jf v08 -u_ cg';f/ g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ;+rfns
;ldltdf lgo'Qm ;+rfns dWo]af6 g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ;+rfns
;ldltn] tf]s]s]f Pshgf ;+rfns ;b:o
-u_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uotf
k'u]sf JolQmx? dWo]af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm u/]sf] JolQm
;b:o
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ cGtu{t ul7t ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljjfb
;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{ljlw dWo:ytf ;DaGwL k|rlnt g]kfn
sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ;ldlt
cfkm}Fn] to ug]{5 . ax'dtsf] lg0f{onfO{ o:tf] ;ldltsf] lg0f{o
dflgg]5 .
-$_ g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] lgodg ljefun] o; bkmf cGt{ut u7g
x'g] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5 .

a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf aLr pTkGg x'g] s'g}

ljjfb jf of] P]g jf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s @)%*
cGtu{t /fi6 a}+sn] hf/L u/]s]f s'g} lgb]{zg,
cfb]z jf dfu{ lgb]{zgaf6 s'g} JolQm, o; P]g
cGtu{t Ohfht k|fKt a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
dsf{ k/]sf] ljifosf] ph'/L pk/ ;'g'jfO{ u/L
lg0f{o ug{sf nflu Ps ljjfb ;dfwfg
;DaGwL :yfoL ;ldlt u7g ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]
ePsfn] .

-%_ o; P]g jf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g @)%* df ul/Psf] Joj:yf

cGtu{t cbfntdf k"g/fj]bg nfUg] ljifodf o; bkmf cg';f/
s'g} ph'/L lbg kfOg] 5}g .
-^_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr ljjfb pTkGg ePsf]df o:tf] ljjfb
pTkGg ePsf] ldltn] () lbg leq / cGo ljifodf ph'/L ug{
kg]{ cj:yf pTkGg ePsf] ldltn] #% lbg leq ljjfb ;dfwfg
;ldt ;dIf bfjL jf ph'/L btf{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltn]
cfkmF" ;dIf k]z ul/Psf] ljjfb jf ph'/Lsf] ljifodf ;dfGotM
bfjL jf ph'/L k/]sf] ldltn] $% lbgleq lg0f{o lbg'kg]{5 .
-*_ o; bkmf cGtu{t k]z x'g cfPsf] ljjfb jf ph'/Lsf
;DaGwdf ljjfb ;dfwfg ;ldltn] u/]sf] llg0f{
g0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
^(

bkmf !$$ sf] Joj:yf

o; P]g tyf /fi6 a}+s P]g adf]lhd x'g]M
-!_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg o; P]g
jf o; P]g cGtu{t hf/L
ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{df
n]lvPsf s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf cGo
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

bkmf !$$ sf] Joj:yfdf b]xfo adf]lhd s]xL kl/dfh{g ug{] M

-!_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o;
P]gdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf ;f]xL adf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf cGo
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

of] Joj:yf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%* sf]

bkmf !)( df ;dfg p2]Zo / k|of]hgsf] nflu
ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg's"n 5}g .
/fi6 a}+s jf ;/sf/sf] cGo s'g} sfo{sf/L
lgsfon] agfO hf/L ul/Psf] lgod, ljlgod,
lgb]{zg, cfb]z jf zt{n] ;+;bn] agfPsf]
sfg"gsf] Joj:yfnfO{ sf6\g] Pj+ k|efjlxg
agfpg ;Sb}g .
;+:fbn] agfPsf] sfg"gsf] sfo{GjognfO{
k|efjlxg agfpg] jf /f]Sg] k|j[lQ lg?:t;flxt
ug{ .

&)

&!

bkmf !$(
-!$(_vf/]hL tyf arfpM -!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

bkmf !$( sf] ;6\

;66fdf
\6fdf lgDgfg';f/sf] bkmf !$( /fVg] .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf] P]g

adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxL o;} P]g
adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

-!_ cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf h'g;'s} Joj:yf ul/Psf] ] ePtfklg

afWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]sf] a}s+ jf ljQLo ;+:yf kIf jf ljkIfL
/x]sf] C0f c;'nL nufot ;j} k|sf/sf] b]jfgL d'4f tyf o:tf]
d'4fsf] nufp d'4ffsf]
sf] ?kdf hf]l8Psf ;a}k|sf/sf d'4f tyf
ljjfbx? ;jf]{Rr cbfnt jfx]s cGo h'g;'s} txsf] cbfnt, l ,
Gofolws/0f jf lgsfodf ljrf/flwg /x]sf] ePtfklg o:tf ;j}
d'4f tyf ljjfbx? h'g cbfntaf6 afWoTfds vf/]hLsf] k|s[of
z'? ePsf] xf] ;f]xL cbfntn] x]/L lg0f{o ug]{5 .

gofF Joj:yf yk

!$(= afWofTds vf]/hLdf k/]s]f a}+s jf ljQLo

;+:yf;Fu ;DalGwt d'4fsf] Joj:yfkgM

afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[of z'?eO;s]sf a}+s

tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] vf/]hL k|s[ofnfO{ l56f]
Pj+ 5l/tf] agfpgsf nfuL .

-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df pNn]lvt d'4f jf ljjfbx?sf] ljj/0f

lnSjL8]6/n] oyf;So rfF8f] cbfntdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . o:tf]
ljj/0fx? k]z eP kl5 ;DalGwt cbfnt, Gofolws/0f tyf
lgsfoaf6 d'4fx?sf] ldl;n lemsfO{ cbfntn] cu|fllwsf/
wsf/ lbO{
o:tf d'4f tyf ljjfbx?df lg0f{o ug'{kg]{5 .
bkmf !$( kl5 lgDg cg';f/sf] bkmf !%) , bkmf !%! tyf
bkmf !%@ /fVg]
afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[of z'?ePsf a}+s tyf
!%)) s/ tyf /fhZj ;DaGwL ljjfb
ljQLo ;+:yfx? kIf /x]sf s/ ljjfbx?sf] l56f]
bkmf !%
Pj+ 5l/tf] lg?k0fsf nfuL cfjZos Joj:y
-!_ afWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]sf] a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ug{ h?/L ePsf]n] .
lnSjL8]6/n] cfkm"F lgo'Qm ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq o:tf] a}s+n]
s'g} s/ jf /fhZj a'emfpg jfFsL eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f lbgsf]
nfuL cfos/ P]gsf] bkmf !)* adf]lhd cfGtl/s /fhZj
ljefunfO{ ;'rgf lbg'kg]{ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;'rgf k|fKt u/]sf] () lbg leq s/
;DaGwL s'g} bfjL eP lnSjL8]6/ ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .

-#_ afWofTds vf/]hLdf k/]sf] s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn]

a'emfpg afFsL s/ tyf /fhZj sf] /sd ;DaGwL ljjfbx?
cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefu jf cGo Gofolws/0fx?df ljrf/flwg
/x]sf] ePdf o:tf ;a} ljjfbx? afWofTds vf/]hLsf] k|s[of z'?
ug]{ cbfntdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf ljjfbx?df afWofTds
vf/]hL k|s[of z'?ug]{ cbfntn] lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
&@

gofF Joj:yf yk
bkmf !%! M C0f, bfloTj tyf C0fsf] lwtf]df /x]sf] xs v/Lb ;d:ofu|:t a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] jfWofTds
ljs|L x'g ;Sg]M
vf/]hLsf] k|s[of jf o:tf a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] km/kmf/s ug]{ k|s[ofdf o:tf a}+s tyf
!_
k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ tyf lwtf] ljs|L jf
klg C0f ;DaGwL ;+emf}tfdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k|of]usf] af/]df lnSjL8]6/ tyf km/ km/s
s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] s;}nfO{ lbPsf] C0f jf cfkm"n] stf{nfO{ yk clVtof/L lbg' cfjZos ePsf]n] .
:jLsf/ u/]sf] bfloTj / ;f]sf] ;'/If0fsf] nflu lwtf]sf] ?kdf
k|fKt u/]sf] jf lbOPsf] rn crn ;DklQdf /x]sf] lwtf]sf] xs
klg v/Lb ljs|L x'g ;Sg] 5 .
@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd C0f jf lwtf] / o:tf] lwtf]sf]
xssf] v/Lb ljs|L ePdf jf lwtf]df lnOPsf] ;DklQ cGo
s;}nfO{ lwtf]df lbPdf o:tf] sf/f]af/ ;DkGg ePsf] #% lbg
leq ;DalGwt C0fL jf lwtf] lbg]nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
#_
of] bkmf cg';f/ v/Lb ljs|L ePsf] C0f, bfloTj, ;f] sf]
c;'nL tyf o:tf] C0f jf bfloTjsf] ;'/If0fsf] nflu lwtf] n]lv
lbPsf] rn crn ;DklQsf] gfd;f/L, btf{, ljs|L, k|of]u tyf
ef]urng nufotsf] ;DaGwdf klg o; P]gsf] bkmf %( df
ul/Psf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .

&#

gofF Joj:yf yk
bkmf !%@
u'Fgf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yfM

&$

/fi6 a}{sn] o; P]g cGtu{t Ohfht k|fKt a}s jf ljQLo

;+:yfx?n] u/]sf] s'g} sfdsf/jfxLsf] lj?4df o:tf a}s+ jf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;]jfu|fxLsf] tkm{af6 g]kfn /fi6 a}s+df lbOg] jf
kg{ cfpg] ph'/L lgjbg jf u'gf;f] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em u/L
oyf;So rfF8f] cfjZos cfb]z jf lgb]{zg lbgsf] nfuL
k|efjsf/L ;o+Gqsf] Joj:yf ;lxtsf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/L
clwsf/L
lgo'Qm u/L lghsf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf ;d]t v'nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
hf/L ug'{kg]{5 .
ljB]ossf] bkmf !$( sf] Joj:yfnfO{ bkmf !%# df bkmf !%#
!%# vf/]hL tyf arfpM -!_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
sfod ul/Psf]
;DaGwL P]g, @)^# vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/Psf] P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf

sfd sf/afxL o;} P]g adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .