Lab Validation

Report

Limelight Orchestrate Performance
Examining the Performance of Dynamic Content Delivery Between
Leading Content Delivery Networks
By Aviv Kaufmann, ESG Lab Analyst and Brian Garrett, Vice President of ESG Lab

February 2014

















2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 2
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3
The Challenges......................................................................................................................................... 3
The Solution: Orchestrate Performance ................................................................................................... 4
How the Solution Was Tested .................................................................................................................. 5
The Results .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Dynamic HTML Response Time ........................................................................................................................... 7
Content Download Times .................................................................................................................................. 10
ESG Lab Validation Highlights................................................................................................................. 13
Issues to Consider .................................................................................................................................. 13
The Bigger Truth .................................................................................................................................... 14










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you have any questions, please contact ESG Client Relations at 508.482.0188.
ESG Lab Reports
The goal of ESG Lab reports is to educate IT professionals about data center technology products for
companies of all types and sizes. ESG Lab reports are not meant to replace the evaluation process that should
be conducted before making purchasing decisions, but rather to provide insight into these emerging
technologies. Our objective is to go over some of the more valuable feature/functions of products, show how
they can be used to solve real customer problems and identify any areas needing improvement. ESG Lab's
expert third-party perspective is based on our own hands-on testing as well as on interviews with customers
who use these products in production environments. This ESG Lab report was sponsored by Limelight
Networks.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 3
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
ESG Lab evaluated the results of tests that compared the global performance of the industrys leading CDNs when
delivering dynamic HTML objects from an active origin server for a well-known online shopping website. The tests
were designed to show the importance of middle-mile optimization technologies in the delivery of dynamic
content, and to benchmark Limelight Orchestrate Performance against four industry leading CDN service offerings.
The Challenges
In order to offer end-users a better and more customizable experience, organizations have increasingly
incorporated dynamic content into their websites. Dynamic content provides a far more unique experience for each
user. But each page containing dynamic content requires additional processing, and web browsers need to receive
an HTML framework before the page can be rendered. The framework is non-cacheable and must be retrieved from
an origin server that, in many cases, is not located near to the user and may even be located on the other side of
the world. This adds to the response time of every request and the user must wait longer for pages to load.
But end-users are no longer willing to wait for pages to load or for videos to buffer. While the rule of thumb used to
be that users are willing to wait for up to two seconds for a page to load,
1
recent studies by Microsoft have shown
that people will visit a website less often if it is slower than a close competitor by more than 250ms (one quarter of
a second).
2
Amazon.com has reported that for every 100ms increase in load time of its pages, sales will decrease by
1%, and a Google study found that a 500ms increase in load time (half a second) resulted in a 20% drop in traffic.
3

To make matters worse, a steadily increasing number of users are accessing web content with their mobile devices
and across wireless networks, resulting in higher latency and more unpredictable response times for the delivery of
dynamic content. To help speed connectivity to their origin servers, most website administrators have optimized
their Internet speed to their data centers and may employ various technologies to help improve aspects of website
performance. Many companies, however, have not yet optimized the delivery of dynamic content across the
segment of data transfer that covers the longest distance required to reach global customers: the middle-mile.

Figure 1. The Cost of Increased Page Load Times to an Online Business


1
Source: Nah, F., Behaviour & Information Technology, A study on tolerable waiting time: how long are Web users willing to wait?, 2004.
2
Source: The New York Times, For Impatient Web Users, an Eye Blink Is Just Too Long to Wait, February 2012.
3
Source: Google VP Marissa Mayer, quoted at 2006 Web 2.0 Conference.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 4
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Solution: Orchestrate Performance
To help ensure a predictable level of performance and minimize the latencies associated with the delivery of
dynamic content, many companies choose to leverage the acceleration services offered by some content delivery
network (CDN) providers.
Limelight Orchestrate Performance is a product that leverages Limelights global CDN for the delivery of website
content to endpoint devices (mobile or desktop). Orchestrate Performance can be used to optimize the delivery of
both static and dynamic content and ensures that delivery is optimized at all three of the major data transfer
segments: first-mile, middle-mile and last-mile.
First-mile Optimization: First-mile optimizations focus on minimizing latency between the origin server (the
server hosting the website) and the CDN service provider. Orchestrate Performance optimizes the first-mile using
technologies like WAN acceleration, TCP acceleration, and connection control technologies.
Middle-mile Optimization: In a global network, the middle-mile may be the most important segment that a CDN
controls. Most of the distance that content must travel is across the middle mile, between the origin server and the
point that content is passed on to the end-users access network. Limelight Networks is one of the few CDNs that
privately operates, and can therefore optimize, its own dedicated high-speed network. Limelight has leveraged
years of experience, expertise, and product development to ensure that middle-mile latency is kept to a minimum.
Last-mile Optimization: The last-mile refers to network segment where data is transferred from the end users
access network to the client device. This can include wired and wireless networking as well as mobile network
delivery. Performance in the last-mile can be difficult to benchmark in a reproducible manner because each clients
situation is different, producing variables that would create inaccurate test results. For instance, latencies can be
introduced from many uncontrollable sources such as network congestion and poor signal strength. Orchestrate
Performance optimizes the last-mile performance through WAN and TCP acceleration as well as front-end
acceleration (which optimizes the presentation of content within the end-user app or browser).
Figure 2. Limelight Networks Orchestrate Performance Three-segment Optimization for Dynamic Content

Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 5
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
How the Solution Was Tested
A benchmark test was designed to accurately assess the real-world delivery speed of a dynamic HTML framework
from a live e-commerce origin server to clients located around the globe. The test analyzed results from
Orchestrate Performance and four competing content delivery network services, including two established
companies who have been in business for the last five to ten years, and two newer services introduced within the
last five years.
The test was designed to be easily auditable and easily reproducible for the purposes of accuracy and transparency.
The test focused on measuring performance across the first-mile and middle-mile. Although the last-mile is very
important to the delivery of dynamic content, it was not a focus of this test due to the variables that last-mile
access networks introduce. The test was performed double-blind, meaning that neither the e-commerce site nor
the CDN companies (with the exception of Limelight) were made aware of the test, in order to ensure the most
accurate results.
Gomez Backbone Testing
The well-known and well-respected Gomez backbone test was used for this test.
4
The Gomez backbone test, a
service from Compuware, utilizes agents physically located all over the world to generate requests and measure the
response of website performance from each location. As is shown in Figure 3, Limelight selected agents located
globally in countries and regions in which Internet traffic is high and where Limelight maintains a point of presence
(POP).
Figure 3. Location of Gomez Backbone Agents Used in Global Testing of CDN Performance

The backbone test was designed to measure each service providers ability to respond to a request, forward that
request, retrieve the requested dynamic content from the origin server, and offload the requested dynamic content
to the requesting network.
A respected e-commerce website was chosen to serve as the source of the dynamic content. The e-commerce
website was chosen due to its well-publicized, highly optimized infrastructure and optimal configuration, which

4
For more information please visit www.gomeznetworks.com and/or http://www.compuware.com
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 6
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
provides dynamic content to CDNs. It should be noted that all CDNs tested would be expected to benefit equally
from the e-commerce sites own optimizations, a fact which helped to minimize the complexity of the test. The
object selected for the test was served from a single URL, on a page with ideal dynamic properties.
Examples of e-commerce URLs containing dynamic content similar to the URL tested in the test are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. e-Commerce URLs Containing Dynamic Content

e-commerce
Website
URL Containing Similar Dynamic Content as Used in Test
toysrus.com http://www.toysrus.com/category/index.jsp?categoryId=2255961
asos.com https://marketplace.asos.com/men/hats-caps?WT.ac=Mktp_MW_Nav_Hats_Caps&tab=all
etsy.com http://www.etsy.com/browse/weddings/decor?ref=br_nav_new_2
darty.com
http://www.darty.com/nav/achat/hifi_video/home_cinema/ampli_home_cinema/index.html -
dartyclic=X_tv-vide-home-cine_cate_ampl-home-cine

The URL of the dynamic HTML page used in the test was chosen because it contains content that is not cacheable,
and thus must be retrieved from the origin server upon each new request. The test object was chosen because its
size required multiple TCP segments to be requested from the origin server and transferred across the CDN upon
each request from the backbone agent. The multiple round-trips required across a global network helps to highlight
the performance benefits achievable through first-mile and middle mile optimizations. To conduct the test, the
selected website was analyzed to determine the hostnames used by any CDNs already configured to deliver it.
Configurations were created for any CDNs tested that offered a self-ordering and configuration interface. The
Gomez script recorder was then used to create scripts for each CDN being tested. To avoid introducing variance in
DNS lookup times that could impact the test results, the CDN hostnames for all service providers were used as the
primary hostnames in the test, with the real website hostname being introduced using a HOST-HEADER override in
the Gomez script recorder.
Three of the service providers tested, including Limelight Orchestrate Performance, explicitly stated that they offer
middle-mile optimizations for dynamic content delivery, while two of the service providers offered no explicit
middle-mile optimization service.
Neither the website nor the CDN companies tested, other than Limelight Networks, were aware of the test taking
place. ESG Lab verified that the optimizations used in the test were deployed on the standard Limelight Orchestrate
Performance service footprint, with no special tuning parameters or priorities given beyond those available to a
typical Limelight customer.
To ensure that results were consistent and repeatable, the request for dynamic content was repeated from every
agent every five minutes over a period of 38 hours for a total of 456 data points per location for each CDN tested.
The test was also first performed against the website origin server, using no CDN service provider as a baseline for
performance measurement. The origin hostname was established using deduction, and the origin server assessed
as being configured to accept requests from Gomez and all of the CDNs being tested.
The results were compiled by grouping each of the backbone agent locations into a geographical region. The global
results included all Gomez backbone agents, while only those agents located in North America, South America,
EMEA, and Asia contributed to the respective regional geographical results. In some cases where a particular POP
presented an ideal use case (such as the traversal of major oceans for instance), a single location was tested on its
own for use as a metro region study.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 7
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Results
ESG Lab examined the Gomez backbone test results with a focus on the two key performance indicators that have
the largest impact in the delivery of dynamic content: dynamic HTML response times and content download times.
Dynamic HTML Response Time
Dynamic HTML response times represent the amount of time taken (in milliseconds) for the service provider to
receive a request from the testing agent, forward it across geographical regions to the origin server, and then
return the requested object to the testing agent.
Results of the test are easily auditable because they were consistently reported in readily available Gomez
performance charts and logs. All results were well documented over the entire 38-hour period including time and
date stamps. Figure 4 shows an example of one of the Gomez test reports.

Figure 4. Sample Gomez Performance Report

Gomez reports were checked to ensure that every CDN was measuring response times while downloading the same
amount of data from the test URL. The reports verify that all but one of the CDNs downloaded 40KB of data during
the test. The other CDN (CDN D) was consistently downloading 246KB of dataa behavior that may be due to CDN
D not requesting compressed data from the origin server. This discrepancy almost certainly contributes to the
higher response times seen from CDN D.
Figure 5 shows a summary of the results of global response time testing reported in the test. The response times
shown in the chart represent the average response times recorded over the 38-hour test period. The baseline
average response time of the website with no acceleration is also depicted as a dotted red line. With the exception
of CDN D, the benefit of using any CDN to minimize response time is clearly visible in the chart.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 8
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 5. Test Results of Global Average Response Time Testing

What the Numbers Mean
Limelight Orchestrate Performance was faster than all other CDNs in the global test at providing dynamic
content by 9-51%.
Using Orchestrate Performance, the response time of providing dynamic content to a client from an e-
commerce site was cut in half, eliminating more than 400ms of response time.
The response times of CDNs that deploy middle-mile optimizations (Orchestrate Performance, CDN A, and
CDN B) were substantially lower than those without middle-mile optimizations (CDN C and CDN D).

The results clearly indicate that while nearly all CDNs will help to improve the delivery of dynamic content,
Limelight Networks dedicated network and expertise in optimization helped deliver dynamic content faster than all
of the CDNs tested.
ESG Lab also validated that Orchestrate Performance had the fastest response times when delivering dynamic
content between the origin server and each of the four geographic regions tested: North America, South America,
Europe/Middle East/Africa (EMEA), and Asia. For this portion of the testing, only the results reported by agents
physically located in the geographic region were included in the average response time. While the results for each
CDN vary by region and location, Orchestrate Performance had the lowest average response time in every
geographic region tested. The results of this testing can be seen in Figure 6.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 9
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Figure 6. Test Results of Regional Average Response Time Testing


Why This Matters
The old adage time is money applies to any business, but when it comes to delivering dynamic content on an e-
commerce site, a little bit of time is a lot of money. The adage may as well be rewritten: Milliseconds are worth
millions. A recent study stated that a page load slowdown of only one second could cost Amazon.com $1.6 Billion
in sales each year.
5
But the benefit of faster delivery of dynamic content is not limited to e-commerce sites.
Websites that depend on dynamic content such as those with directed advertising, highly personalized content,
and social media will enjoy similar advantages. Using a content delivery network to accelerate the middle-mile can
help shave valuable response time from every request for dynamic content frameworks, resulting in higher
customer satisfaction, higher customer retention, and ultimately higher sales.
ESG Lab validated that Limelight Networks Orchestrate Performance was able to cut the average response time for
the delivery of dynamic content to clients across the globe for a live e-commerce site in half. When compared with
the average response times of other leading CDNs, Limelight Orchestrate Performance was 9-51% faster at
delivering dynamic content globally, and had the lowest average response times in every geographic region tested.

5
Source: www.retail-digital.com, One second delay on Amazon, $1.6 billion loss a year, January 2013.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 10
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Content Download Times
Content download times are an important metric because they are a good indication of how well a service provider
is optimizing the flow of data from the origin server, across the middle-mile, and to the testing client. A standard
download process consists of four main stages: DNS time, connect time, time to first byte (TTFB), and content
download time. While the first two stages are important to the overall response time, it is the last two steps that
contribute to the majority of the response time spent waiting for an object download.
Figure 7 compares Orchestrate Performance to a CDN capable of middle-mile optimization and a CDN not capable
of middle-mile optimization. Time to first byte (TTFB) was relatively constant for all CDNs, while middle-mile
optimization can be seen to have greatly improved the content download time across the middle-mile. Note how
content download times yielded a glaring difference between the CDN providers tested and reveals two distinct
categories: those CDNs capable of middle-mile optimization (Limelight, CDN A, and CDN B) and those not capable
of middle-mile optimization (CDN C and CDN D).
Figure 7. Download Process Time Comparison for Agent in Seoul, Korea

Time to first byte for each CDN was relatively consistent during this series of tests due mainly to two factors. First,
TTFB is largely a function of distance, and the different routes taken by each service provider to get to the origin
server were relatively the same distance from the backbone agent in most cases. Second, TTFB can be significantly
impacted by the origin server's performance, which we can determine was consistent for each service provider. To
illustrate this point, Limelight Networks presented ESG Lab the download process times recorded from the Gomez
backbone agent located in Seoul, Korea for all CDNs tested. This particular agent was chosen because it is a long
distance from the origin server, is located in a region with a high population of online users, and requires good
connectivity and acceleration in order to effectively deliver content. The benefits of middle-mile acceleration can
be clearly seen in the content download measurements in Table 2.
Table 2. Download Process Time Comparison Data for Agent in Seoul, Korea

CDN DNS Time Connect Time
Time to First Byte
(TTFB)
Content
Download
Non-optimized CDN 78ms 167ms 383ms 965ms
Optimized CDN 7ms 2ms 391ms 145ms
Limelight Orchestrate Performance 5ms 4ms 436ms 93ms

Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 11
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Figure 8 shows the average dynamic object content download times for each CDN throughout the 38-hour test
period, as reported by all globally dispersed backbone agents. It is clear that the service providers that include
middle-mile optimization (Orchestrate Performance, CDN A, and CDN B) were able to deliver content to the agents
much faster than the service providers that do not optimize transfers over the middle-mile (CDN C and CDN D). This
clearly shows the correlation between middle-mile optimization and the speed of dynamic content delivery.

Figure 8. Global Content Download Time By CDN

What the Numbers Mean
Limelight Orchestrate Performance downloaded dynamic content 16- 88% faster than the four other CDNs
tested in the test
CDNs with middle-mile optimization capabilities (Limelight, CDN A, and CDN B) downloaded dynamic
content hundreds of milliseconds (up to 8.5x) faster than those with no middle-mile optimization (CDN C
and CDN D).
Download times for dynamic objects were eight times longer for CDN D (a CDN with no middle-mile
optimization) than for Orchestrate Performance.
The results show the advantage of Limelight Networks dedicated and highly optimized content delivery platform
even when compared with the other CDNs that perform middle-mile optimization. In addition to being the fastest
globally, Limelight Orchestrate Performance was the fastest in every geographic region tested.
Being able to download content quickly is only beneficial to the end-user if the download performance is consistent
and predictable. ESG Lab validated that response time and content download time for all phases of the test for
Orchestrate Performance were not only faster compared with the other CDNs, but in nearly every case, far more
predictable and consistent than the others. In Figure 9, ESG Lab compared content download times reported for
agents in the EMEA region for Orchestrate Performance, a CDN with middle-mile optimization, and a CDN with no
middle-mile optimization. The EMEA region was chosen to illustrate the point because performance in this region
proved to be highly variable among CDNs tested.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 12
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Figure 9. Variability in Content Download Times Reported over 38-hour Test Duration


Table 3. Measured Variance in Average Content Download Time over 38-hour EMEA test


Limelight Orchestrate
Performance
Middle-mile
Optimized CDN
Non-optimized CDN

Average Content Download Time 78ms 142ms 268ms
Measured Variance +/- 11% +/- 29% +/- 42%
What the Numbers Mean
Orchestrate Performance had the fastest content download time of all CDNs tested.
The samples reported over the 38-hour test period varied much less for Limelight Networks Orchestrate
Performance (11%) than all other CDNs tested.
A website using a CDN that is not optimized to accelerate dynamic content delivery showed content
download times two to six times slower than Orchestrate Performance, depending on when the content
was accessed.
Why This Matters
The key to success in nearly any business is getting the product to the customer as quickly as possible while
maintaining the highest levels of customer satisfaction. The same is true for operators of any website with dynamic
content. Optimizing the download time of dynamic content across the middle-mile is absolutely critical because it
allows websites to be built with higher quality images and video, get more items in front of customers, and offer a
much better shopping experience. This ultimately results in higher customer retention and increased sales.
ESG Lab validated that Orchestrate Performance downloads dynamic content faster than other CDNs with middle-
mile optimization, and much faster than CDNs with no optimization. In addition to offering the fastest content
download times, Orchestrate Performance offered the most predictable content download times, ensuring that
every customer will enjoy the same level of performance.
Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 13
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ESG Lab Validation Highlights
ESG Lab audited the results of a double-blind test, which proved that Limelight Orchestrate Performance is
9- 51% faster than other leading CDNs at delivering dynamic content globally, and was the fastest in every
region tested.
Orchestrate Performance was able to cut the response times of delivering dynamic content for an active
production website in half (compared with not using a CDN).
Using a CDN capable of middle-mile optimization results in significant reduction in the delivery of dynamic
content across the globe.
Due to superior middle-mile optimization capabilities, Orchestrate Performance downloaded dynamic
content 16-88% faster than all other CDNs tested.
Orchestrate Performance delivered the most predicable level of performance for the duration of the test,
with far less variability in the results when compared with all other CDNs tested.

Issues to Consider
The test was designed to test performance across the first-mile and middle-mile of the delivery path, and
achieved this objective in a fair and unbiased manner.
Last-mile performance is an important consideration. Although Orchestrate Performance offers last-mile
performance optimizations, testing last-mile performance is a logistical challenge and the results are
difficult to interpret and normalize among CDNs. The exclusion of last-mile testing in this test was not
intended to gain a competitive advantage in Limelights favor, but to produce accurate and transparent
results.
Every organizations requirements and customer base are different. Before choosing a content delivery
service provider, buyers should understand their requirements and the particular strengths of the CDNs
being considered. Some questions to ask of your current or potential CDN provider may be:
o How does your CDN scale to deliver your content to a globally distributed audience?
o What methods and layers of intelligent cache management are employed by your CDN?
o How does the architecture of your CDN ensure high availability and throughput?
o Does your CDN offer a high enough cache-hit ratio to deliver real return-on-investment?
o What performance optimizations can your CDN offer, in addition to caching and content delivery?
o How does your CDN help you deliver your complete digital experience online?
o Is your CDN capable of accelerating dynamic content, or merely delivering it?
o In performance tests, did your CDN test delivery across the same footprint that you as a customer
will have access to?
For additional information and access to more comprehensive results on Limelight Networks middle-mile
optimization performance test, please contact your Limelight Networks sales representative.


Lab Validation: Limelight Orchestrate Performance 14
2014 by The Enterprise Strategy Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Bigger Truth
Websites containing dynamic content enable organizations to offer their customers an easily navigable, unique, and
customizable experience surrounded by stunning graphics, quick access to their favorite products and services, and
an endless amount of relevant content. Dynamic content results in higher customer satisfaction, customer
retention, and ultimately increased sales. But this is only true if the dynamic content can be delivered quickly and
seamlessly to a global customer base that simply is not willing to wait for pages to load. It is absolutely critical that
website administrators take advantage of all technologies that can ensure the quickest possible delivery of dynamic
content to the end-user.
Most website administrators are aware of the importance of using hardware to accelerate WAN performance to
and from their data centers, using edge-caching techniques and designing software for optimal delivery to the
client. While many organizations understand the necessity of leveraging a CDN provider to optimize their global
performance, they may have trouble differentiating between the technological capabilities of the leading CDN
providers.
When evaluating content delivery networks for the delivery of dynamic content, IT leaders need to find the right
metrics to evaluate performance in order to determine if different vendors truly offer more than standard CDN
services, specifically optimization in the middle mile for better dynamic content delivery. This capability is a critical
necessity that can reduce response times by hundreds of milliseconds or even seconds. As current research shows,
this time is enough to seriously impact customer retention and can translate to hundreds of thousands of dollars in
lost sales to a typical e-commerce site.
ESG Lab audited the results of Limelight Networks real-world site acceleration benchmark test. ESG Lab validated
that Orchestrate Performance is capable of optimizing the delivery of dynamic content across the middle-mile, and
was the fastest at delivering dynamic content both globally and within every region tested. Because Limelight
Networks owns and optimizes its own private, highly reliable network, its customers can be assured that their
dynamic content will be delivered consistently with high speed.
Middle-mile optimization is critical in the delivery strategy of dynamic content. As the results of real-world testing
showed, Orchestrate Performance was the fastest CDN tested at optimizing the delivery across the middle-mile.
Organizations should perform their own studies to determine how quickly they are able to deliver dynamic content
to their global customers and how this time impacts their business. If this time is in the hundreds of milliseconds,
ESG Lab recommends considering whether Orchestrate Performance can help accelerate the delivery of your
dynamic content.





































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