Acid Base Titrations - Chem 28

Strong Acids, Bases Solutions
Weak Acid, Bases Solutions

Titration Methods:
Acid Base Neutralization
Sept 17, 2014, Wednesday
Monoprotic Acid-Base Equilibria
Strong Acids and Bases
Completely dissociates

[H
3
O
+
] or [OH
-
] equals concentration of strong acid or base
- What is the pH of a 0.1M solution of HCl?

- What is the pH of a 0.1M solution of KOH?
13.00 10 1.0
M 10 1.0
0.10
13
13
= = =
=
= = = =
= =
+
+ +
M) log( ] log[H pH
10 1
] [OH
] [H 10 1 ] ][OH [H
0.1M [KOH] ] [OH
14 -
14 - -
-
w
w
K
K
1.00 M) (0.1 log ] log[H pH
M 0.1 [HCl] ] [H
= = =
= =
+
+
Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium (for small concentrations)
Step 1: Pertinent reactions:
K
w
Step 2: Charge Balance:
] [ ] [ ] [
-
OH H K = +
+ +
Step 3: Mass Balance:
] [ ] [
8
10 0 . 1 K
+
= All K
+
comes from KOH
Completely dissociates,
not pertinent

Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium
Step 4: Equilibrium constant expression (one for each reaction):

14
w
10 0 . 1 OH H K
+
= = ] ][ [
Step 5: Count equations and unknowns:

Three equations:

Three unknowns:

] [OH ], [H ], [K
- + +
] [ ] [ ] [
-
OH H K = +
+ +
] [ ] [
8
10 0 . 1 K
+
=
14
w
10 0 . 1 OH H K
+
= = ] ][ [
(1)
(2)
(3)

Step 6: Solve (Seeking pH [H
+
]):
Set [H
+
] =x, and substitute mass balance equation into charge balance equation:
x 10 0 . 1 H K OH
8 - -
+ = + =
+ +
] [ ] [ ] [
] [ ] [
8
10 0 . 1 K
+
=
From mass
balance
Substitute OH
-
equation into equilibrium equation:
x 10 0 . 1 OH
8 - -
+ = ] [
14
w
10 0 . 1 OH H K
+
= = ] ][ [
14 8 -
10 0 . 1 ) x 10 0 . 1 x

= + )( (

Step 6: Solve (Seeking pH [H
+
]):
Solve the quadratic equation:
0 10 0 . 1 x 10 0 . 1 x
14 8 2
= +

) (
M 10 1 . 1 or M 10 6 . 9 x
1 2
10 0 . 1 - 1 4 10 0 . 1 10 0 . 1
x
7 8
14 - 2 8 8

=

=
) (
) )( ( ) (
02 . 7 10 6 . 9 log H log pH
M 10 6 . 9 H
8 -
8 -
= = =
=
+
+
) ( ] [
] [
Negative number is
physically meaningless
Use quadratic equation
pH slightly basic,
consistent with low [KOH]

Three Regions depending on acid/base concentrations
High concentrations (10
-6
M), pH
considered just from the added
H
+
,OH
-
low concentrations (10
-8
M),
pH=7 not enough H
+
,OH
-
added
to change pH
intermediate concentrations, (10
-6
-
10
-8
M), H
2
O ionization H
+
,OH
-

systematic equilibrium calculation
necessary
C 25 at 14.00 K log pOH pH
o
w
= = +


Weak Acids and Bases

Weak acid/base do not completely dissociate
Dissociation K
a
for the acid HA:

Base Hydrolysis constant K
b

pK is negative logarithm of equilibrium constant

- As K
a
or K
b
increase pK
a
or pK
b
decrease
- Smaller pK
a
stronger acid
] [
] ][ [
HA
A H
K
a
+
=
] [
] ][ [
B
OH BH
K
b
+
=
) K log( pK
a a
= ) K log( pK
b b
=
Weak Acid Equilibria

General Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium

Unlike concentrated strong acid, need to account for water ionization
Find pH for a solution of a general weak acid HA

K
w
K
a
] [ ] [ ] [
- -
A OH H + =
+
] [ ] [
-
A HA F + = F formal concentration of acid

] [
] ][ [
HA
A H
K
a
+
=
14
w
10 0 . 1 OH H K
+
= = ] ][ [


Step 5: Count equations and unknowns:

Four Equations:

Four Unknowns:

] [OH , ] [H [HA], ], [A
- +
] [ ] [ ] [
- -
A OH H + =
+
] [ ] [
-
A HA F + =
] [
] ][ [
HA
A H
K
a
+
=
14
w
10 0 . 1 OH H K
+
= = ] ][ [
(1)
(4)
(2) (3)
Step 6: Solve (Not easy to solve cubic equation results!):
- Again, need to make assumptions to simplify equations
- The goal is to determine [H
+
], so we can measure pH


Make Some Initial Assumptions:
For a typical weak acid, [H
+
] from HA will be much greater than [H
+
] from H
2
O
If dissociation of HA is much greater than H
2
O, [H
+
] >> [OH
-
]
] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [
- - -
A H A OH H ~ + =
+ +
Set [H
+
]=x:
x A x H
-
= =
+
] [ ] [
x F A F HA
-
= = ] [ ] [
substitute


Substitute into Equilibrium Equation:
x A H
-
= =
+
] [ ] [ x F HA = ] [
x F
) x )( x (
HA
A H
K
a

= =
+
] [
] ][ [
0 ) K )( F ( x ) K ( x
a a
2
= +
] x [
) 1 ( 2
) K )( F )( 1 ( 4 K K
x
a
2
a a
=
+
=
Rearrange:
Solve quadratic equation:


Step 7: Verify Assumption:
Was the approximation [H
+
] [A
-
] justified ([H
+
] >>[OH
-
])?
Setting F = 0.050 M and K
a
= 1.07x10
-3
for o-hydroxybenzoic acid:
17 . 2 x log pH
] A [ ] H [ M 10 8 . 6 x
) 1 ( 2
) 10 07 . 1 )( 0500 . 0 )( 1 ( 4 ) 10 07 . 1 ( 10 07 . 1
) 1 ( 2
) K )( F )( 1 ( 4 K K
x
3
3 2 3 3
a
2
a a
= =
= = =
+
=
+
=
+

Determine [OH
-
] from water dissociation:
12
3
14
w
10 5 . 1
10 8 . 6
10 1
] H [
K
] OH [

= =
[H
+
] >> [OH
-
]
6.8x10
-3
M >> 1.5x10
-12
M
assumption is justified!
Weak Base Equilibria

1.) Treatment of Weak Base is Very Similar to Weak Acid
Assume all OH
-
comes from base and not dissociation of water

] [
] ][ [
B
OH BH
K
b
+
=
K
w
K
b
] [ ] [ ] [
-
OH BH H = +
+ +
] [ - F ] [ ] [ ] [
+ +
= + = BH B BH B F F formal concentration of base

14
w
10 0 . 1 OH H K
+
= = ] ][ [

Fraction of Dissociation
Fraction of acid HA in the form A
-
(o):

Example:

Percent dissociation increases with dilution

F
x
) x F ( x
x
HA A
A
=
+
=
+
=

] [ ] [
] [
o
What is the percent fraction dissociation for F = 0.050
M and K
a
= 1.07x10
-3
for o-hydroxybenzoic acid?
% 14 14 . 0
M 0500 . 0
M 10 8 . 6
F
x
3
= =
= =

o

Treatment of Weak Base is Very Similar to Weak Acid
Assume all OH
-
comes from base and not dissociation of water

Step 6: Solve (Assume [BH
+
] >> [H
+
] [BH
+
] [OH-]):
Set [OH
-
]=x and substitute into Equilibrium Equation:
x OH BH
-
= =
+
] [ ] [ x F B = ] [
x F
x
x F
) x )( x (
B
OH BH
K
2
b

=
= =
+
] [
] ][ [
0 ) K )( F ( x ) K ( x
b b
2
= +
] OH [
) 1 ( 2
) K )( F )( 1 ( 4 K K
x
b
2
b b
=
+
=
Rearrange:
Solve quadratic equation:

Example

What is the pH of cocaine dissolved in water? F = 0.0372 M and K
b

= 2.6x10
-6
for cocaine?
0.0372-x x x
4 6
2
10 1 . 3 x 10 6 . 2
x 0372 . 0
x

= =
K
b
=2.6x10
-4

Example

What is the pH of cocaine dissolved in water? F = 0.0372 M and K
b

= 2.6x10
-6
for cocaine?
11
4
14
w
10 2 . 3
10 1 . 3
10 0 . 1
] OH [
K
] H [

+
=
= =
Because x=[OH
-
], we need to solve for [H
+
]
49 . 10 ) 10 2 . 3 log( ] H log[ pH
11
= = =
+

Fraction of Association
Fraction of Base B in BH
+
form (o):

Example:
F
x
) x F ( x
x
B BH
BH
=
+
=
+
=
+
+
] [ ] [
] [
o
What is the percent fraction dissociation of cocaine
reacted with water? F = 0.0372 M and K
b
= 2.6x10
-6

for cocaine?
% 83 . 0 0083 . 0
M 0372 . 0
M 10 1 . 3
F
x
4
= =
= =

o
Polyprotic Acid-Base Equilibria
Diprotic Acids and Bases

Multiple Equilibria
Illustration with amino acid leucine (HL)

Equilibrium reactions
low pH high pH
Carboxyl group
Loses H
+
ammonium group
Loses H
+
Diprotic acid:
1 1 a
K K
2 2 a
K K

Multiple Equilibria
Equilibrium reactions
Diprotic base:
1 b
K
2 b
K
Relationship between K
a
and K
b
w 2 b 1 a
K K K
w 1 b 2 a
K K K

General Process to Determine pH
Acid Form (H
2
L
+
)
Illustration with amino acid leucine

H
2
L
+
is a weak acid and HL is a very weak acid
K
1
=4.70x10
-3
K
2
=1.80x10
-10
2 1
K K >>
Assume H
2
L
+
behaves as a monoprotic acid
1 a
K K =

0.050 M leucine hydrochloride
+ H
+
H
2
L
+
HL H
+
0.0500 - x x x
K
1
=4.70x10
-3
] H [ ] HL [ M 10 x 32 . 1 x
x F
x
L H
H HL
10 7 . 4 K
2
2
2
3
a
+
+
+
= = =
= = =
] [
] ][ [
88 . 1 ) M 10 23 . 1 log( ] H log[ pH
2
= = =
+
M 10 68 . 3 x F ] L H [
2
2
+
= =
Determine [H
+
] from K
a
:
Determine pH from [H
+
]:
Determine [H
2
L
+
]:

Acid Form (H
2
L
+
)
What is the concentration of L
-
in the solution?

[L
-
] is very small, but non-zero. Calculate from K
a2
] [
] [
] [
] [
] ][ [
+
+
= =
H
HL K
L
HL
L H
K
2 a
2 a
) (
2 a
10 -
2 -
2 - 10 -
K 10 80 . 1
) 10 32 . 1 (
) 10 32 . 1 ( ) 10 80 . 1 (
L = =
] [
Approximation [H
+
] [HL], reduces K
a2
equation to [L
-
]=K
a2
] HL [ 10 32 . 1 10 80 . 1 ] L [
2 10
= << =

Validates assumption

For most diprotic acids, K
1
>> K
2
- Assumption that diprotic acid behaves as monoprotic is valid
- K
a
K
a1

Even if K
1
is just 10x larger than K
2
- Error in pH is only 4% or 0.01 pH units

Basic Form (L
-
)

L
-
is a weak base and HL is an extremely weak base
5
2 a w 1 b
10 55 . 5 K / K K

= =
12
2 a w 2 b
10 13 . 2 K / K K

= =
2 b 1 b
K K >>
Assume L
-
behaves as a monoprotic base
1 b b
K K =

0.050 M leucine salt (sodium leucinate)
L
-
HL OH
-
0.0500 - x x x
] OH [ ] HL [ M 10 x 64 . 1 x
x F
x
L
OH HL
10 55 . 5 K
3
2 -
5
b

= = =
= = =
] [
] ][ [
-
21 11 10 10 6
10 64 1
10 1
12
3
14
. pH M .
. ] OH [
K
] H [
w
= =
= =

+
M 10 84 . 4 x F ] L [
2
= =
Determine [OH
-
] from K
b
:
Determine pH and [H
+
] from K
w
:
Determine [L
-
]:

Basic Form (L
-
)
What is the concentration of H
2
L
+
in the solution?

[H
2
L
+
] is very small, but non-zero. Calculate from K
b2
] [
] [
] [
] ][ [
+
+ +
= = = L H
x
x L H
HL
OH L H
K
2
2 2
2 b
] HL [ 10 64 . 1 10 13 . 2 ] L H [
3 12
2
= << =
+
Validates assumption [OH
-
] [HL],
Fully basic form of a diprotic acid can be treated as a monobasic, K
b
=K
b1

Intermediate Form (HL)
- More complicated HL is both an acid and base

Amphiprotic can both donate and accept a proton

Since K
a
> K
b
, expect solution to be acidic
- Can not ignore base equilibrium

Need to use Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium
10
2 a a
10 80 . 1 K K

= =
12
2 b b
10 13 . 2 K K

= =


1
K
2 b
K
] [ ] [ ] [ ] [
- -
2
OH L L H H + = +
+ +
] [ ] [ ] [
-
L L H HL F + + =
+
2
] [
] ][ [
-
HL
H L
K
2
+
=
] [
] ][ [
=
L
OH HL
K
-
2 b
2
K
1 b
K
] [
] ][ [
+
+
=
L H
H HL
K
2
1
] [
] ][ [
HL
OH L H
K
-
2
1 b
+
=
Step 6: Solve:

Substitute Acid Equilibrium Equations into charge balance:
0 OH H L L H
- -
2
= +
+ +
] [ ] [ ] [ ] [
1
2
K
H HL
L H
] ][ [
] [
+
+
=
] [
] [
] [
-
+
=
H
K HL
L
2
0
H
K
H
H
K HL
K
H HL
w 2
1
= +
+
+
+
+
] [
] [
] [
] [ ] ][ [
] [
] [
-
+
=
H
K
OH
w
All Terms are
related to [H
+
]
Multiply by [H
+
]
0 K H K HL
K
H HL
w 2
1
= +
+
+
2
2
] [ ] [
] ][ [

Step 6: Solve:
0 K H K HL
K
H HL
w 2
1
= +
+
+
2
2
] [ ] [
] ][ [
Factor out [H
+
]
2
:
w 2
1
K HL K 1
K
HL
H + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
] [
] [
] [
2
1
K
HL
K HL K
H
1
w 2
+
+
=
+
] [
] [
] [
2
Rearrange:

Step 6: Solve:
1
K
HL
K HL K
H
1
w 2
+
+
=
+
] [
] [
] [
2
Multiply by K
1
and take square-root:
] [
] [
] [
HL K
K K HL K K
H
1
w 1 1 2
+
+
=
+
Assume [HL]=F, minimal dissociation:
(K
1
& K
2
are small)
F K
K K F K K
H
1
w 1 1 2
+
+
=
+
] [

Step 6: Solve:
F K
K K F K K
H
1
w 1 1 2
+
+
=
+
] [
Calculate a pH:
06 . 6 pH M 10 x 80 . 8
0500 . 0 10 x 70 . 4
) 10 x 0 . 1 )( 10 x 70 . 4 ( ) 0500 . 0 )( 10 x 80 . 1 )( 10 x 70 . 4 (
H
7
3
14 3 10 3
= =
+
+
=

+
] [

Step 7: Validate Assumptions
Assume [HL]=F=0.0500M, minimal dissociation (K
1
& K
2
are small).
Calculate [L
-
] & [H
2
L
+
] from K
1
& K
2
:
6
3
7
1
2
10 x 36 . 9
10 x 70 . 4
) 10 x 80 . 8 )( 0500 . 0 (
K
H HL
L H

+
+
= = =
] ][ [
] [
5
7
10
2
10 x 02 . 1
10 x 80 . 8
) 10 x 80 . 1 )( 0500 . 0 (
H
K HL
L

+
= = =
] [
] [
] [
-
[HL]=0.0500M >> 9.36x10
-6
[H
2
L
+
] & 1.02x10
-5
[L
-
]

Assumption Valid

Summary of results:
[L
-
] [H
2
L
+
] two equilibriums proceed equally even though K
a
>K
b

Nearly all leucine remained as HL

Range of pHs and concentrations for three different forms
Solution pH [H
+
] (M) [H
2
L
+
] (M) [HL] (M) [L
-
] (M)
Acid form 0.0500 M H
2
A 1.88 1.32x10
-2
3.68x10
-2
1.32x10
-2
1.80x10
-10
Intermediate form 0.0500 M HA
-
6.06 8.80x10
-7
9.36x10
-6
5.00x10
-2
1.02x10
-5
Basic form 0.0500 M HA
2-
11.21 6.08x10
-12
2.13x10
-12
1.64x10
-3
4.84x10
-2

Simplified Calculation for the Intermediate Form (HL)
F K
K K F K K
H
1
w 1 1 2
+
+
=
+
] [
F K
F K K
H
1
1 2
+
~
+
] [
Assume K
2
F >> K
w
:
Assume K
1
<< F:
F
F K K
H
1 2
~
+
] [

Simplified Calculation for the Intermediate Form (HL)
F
F K K
H
1 2
~
+
] [
Cancel F:
1 2
K K H ~
+
] [
Take the -log:
) K log K log ( H log
2 1
2
1
~
+
] [ -
) pK pK ( pH
2 1
2
1
+ ~
pH of intermediate form of a
diprotic acid is close to midway
between pK
1
and pK
2
Independent of concentration:
Polyprotic Acids and Bases

Extend Treatment of Diprotic Acids and Bases to Polyprotic Systems
Equilibria for triprotic system

For a polyprotic system, would simply contain n such equilibria
Acid equilibria:
Base equilibria:

Rules for triprotic system

1. H
3
A is treated as a monoprotic acid, K
a
= K
1
2. H
2
A
-
is treated similarly as an intermediate form of a diprotic acid

3. HA
2-
is also treated similarly as an intermediate form of a diprotic acid
a. Surrounded by H
2
A
-
and A
3-
b. Use K
2
& K
3
, instead of K
1
& K
2

4. A
3-
is treated as monobasic, with K
b
=K
b1
=K
w
/K
a3

F K
K K F K K
H
1
w 1 1 2
+
+
=
+
] [
F K
K K F K K
H
2
w 2 3 2
+
+
=
+
] [

Rules for triprotic system
Treat as
Monoprotic acid:
Treat as
Monoprotic base:
Treat as
Intermediate Forms

Fractional Composition Equations
Fraction of Each Species at a Given pH
Useful for:
- Acid-base titrations

- EDTA titrations

- Electrochemical equilibria

Combine Mass Balance and Equilibrium Constant
] [
] ][ [
HA
A H
K
a
+
= ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ HA F A A HA F
- -
= + =
] [
] [
HA
F-[HA] H
K
a
) (
+
=
Rearrange:
a
K H
F H
HA
+
=
+
+
] [
] [
] [

Combine Mass Balance and Equilibrium Constant
a
K H
F H
HA
+
=
+
+
] [
] [
] [
F
HA
A HA
HA
HA
] [
] [ ] [
] [
=
+
=

o Recall: fraction of molecule in the form HA is:
Divide by F:
a
HA
K H
H
F
HA
+
= =
+
+
] [
] [ ] [
o
Fraction in the form HA:
Fraction in the form A
-
:
a
a
A
K H
K
F
A
+
= =
+
] [
] [
o

Diprotic Systems
Follows same process as monoprotic systems
2 1 1
2
A H
K K K H H
H
F
A H
2
+ +
= =
+ +
+
] [ ] [
] [ ] [
2
2
o
Fraction in the form H
2
A:
Fraction in the form HA
-
:
2 1 1
1
HA
K K K H H
H K
F
HA
+ +
= =
+ +
+
] [ ] [
] [ ] [
2
o
Fraction in the form A
2-
:
2 1 1
2 1
2
A
K K K H H
K K
F
A
2
+ +
= =
+ +
] [ ] [
] [
2
o
, of polyprotic acids
Buffers

Mixing a Weak Acid and Its Conjugated Base
Very little reaction occurs
Very little change in concentrations
Example:
Consider a 0.10 M of acid with pK
a
of 4.00
0.10-x x x
% 1 . 3 031 . 0
M 10 . 0
M 10 1 . 3
F
x
3
= =
= =

o
3
a
2
10 1 . 3 x K
x F
x

= =

Buffers

Mixing a Weak Acid and Its Conjugated Base
Example:
Consider adding 0.10 M of conjugate base with pK
b
of 10.00
0.10-x x x
6
b
2
10 2 . 3 x K
x F
x

= =
5
6
10 2 . 3
M 10 . 0
M 10 2 . 3
F
x

= = o
HA dissociates very little and A
-
reacts very little with water
Buffers

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
Rearranged form of K
a
equilibrium equation:
] [
] ][ [
HA
A H
K
a
+
=
] [
] [
] [
] [
] ][ [
HA
A
log H log
HA
A H
log K log
a

+
+
+ = =
] [
] [
] [
HA
A
log K log H log
a

+
+ =
Take log of both sides:
rearrange:
pH pKa
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =

] [
] [
HA
A
log pK pH
a
Buffers

Determines pH of buffered solution
- Need to know ratio of conjugate [acid] and [base]

- If [A
-
] = [HA], pH = pK
a
- All equilibria must be satisfied simultaneously in any solution at equilibrium
- Only one concentration of H
+
in a solution

Similar equation for weak base and conjugate acid
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =

] [
] [
HA
A
log pK pH
a
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
+
] [
] [
BH
B
log pK pH
a
pKa is for this acid
[A
-
]/[HA] pH
100:1 pK
a
+ 2
10:1 pK
a
+ 1
1:1 pK
a

1:10 pK
a
- 1
1:100 pK
a
- 2
Buffers

Example:
Calculate how many milliters of 0.626 M KOH should be added to
5.00 g of MOBS to give a pH of 7.40?

What is the pH if an additional 5 mL of the KOH solution is added?
FW

= 223.29

pK
a
= 7.48

Buffers

Why Does a Buffer Resist Changes in pH?
Strong acid or base is consumed by B or BH
+
Maximum capacity to resist pH change occurs at pH=pK
a
Buffer Capacity (|): measure of a solutions resistance to pH change

Choosing a Buffer
Choose a buffer with pK
a
as close as possible to
desired pH
Useful buffer range is pK
a
1 pH units
Buffer pH depends on temperature
and ionic strength activity coefficients
pH
C
pH
C
a b
d
d
d
d
= = |
where Ca and Cb are the number of moles of strong acid and strong
base per liter needed to produce a unit change in pH
Titrations
Strong acid-strong base titrations
Weak acid-strong base and strong acid-
weak base titrations
Titrating a polyprotic acid
Indicators
Titration: A titrant adds H
3
O
+
(or OH
-
) to the analyte so that
a neutral solution (stoichiometric point) is obtained (the initial pH of the
analyte is thus found).
Setup for titrating an acid with a base
The variation of pH during the titration of a strong base (the analyte) with a
strong acid (the titrant). This curve is for 25.00 mL of 0.250 M NaOH(aq)
titrated with 0.340 M HCl(aq). The stoichiometric point occurs at pH = 7
(point S ). The other points are discussed in the text.
slow
fast
Figure 16.7 The variation of pH during a typical titration of a strong acid
(the analyte) with a strong base (the titrant). The stoichiometric point occurs
at pH = 7.
slow
fast
Sample Calculation: Strong Acid-Strong
Base Titration Curve
Problem 24-1. Consider the titration of 40.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl with 0.100 M
NaOH.
Region 1. Before the equivalence point, after adding 20.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH.
(Half way to the equivalence point.)
Initial moles of H
3
O
+
=
- Moles of OH
-
added =

base added of volume acid of volume original
remaining O H of (mol) amount
] O [H
3
3
+
=
+
+
Base Titration Curve (Cont. I)
Region 2. At the equivalence point, after adding 40.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH.
Initial moles of H
3
O
+
= 0.0400 L x 0.100 M = 0.00400 M H
3
O
+
- Moles of OH
-
added = 0.0400 L x 0.100 M =0.00400 mol OH
-
remaining O H of (mol) amount
] O [H
3
3
+
=
+
+
Base Titration Curve (cont. II)
Region 3. After the equivalence point, after adding 50.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH. (Now
calculate excess OH
-
)
Total moles of OH
-
= 0.0500 L x 0.100 M = 0.00500 mol OH
-
-Moles of H
3
O
+

consumed = 0.0400 L x 0.100 M =0.00400 mol
remaining OH of (mol) amount
] [OH
+
=

Acid Base Titrations - Chem 28

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Strong Acids, Bases Solutions

Weak Acid, Bases Solutions

Monoprotic Acid-Base Equilibria

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