Heat Treatment in Food Processing

Heat Treatment in Food Processing

Facilities, Bins and Silos
Facilities, Bins and Silos
Raj Hulasare, Ph.D., P.Eng.
TEMP-AIR, INC;
Burnsville, MN
PAPA Seminar Series
Scottish Rite Center
Sacramento CA 95819
September 20, 2007
Presentation Outline
Presentation Outline
Why Heat - Then & Now
Heat & insects
Heating Systems: Pros & Cons
Heat Process
Heat Treatment
PERC Project at Purdue Bins/Silos
Food Processing Plants
Overview of TEMP-AIR
Conclusion
Heat Treatment
Heat Treatment

Historical Look
Historical Look
1762, France: 69
o
C / 156
o
F for 3 d, moth
1860, England: 57
o
C / 135
o
F for grain
1910, USA: heat treatment of mills
1920, USA: 30 mills use heat in OH, PA
1932, France: MB as insecticide
Used first 245 yrs ago!
Used first 245 yrs ago!
History of Heat Treatments
History of Heat Treatments
1950s: Quaker Oats using heat
1983: EDB banned
1990s: increased interest in heat
1992: MB found ozone unfriendly
1994: Dursban in Cheerios
2005: MB to be phased out
2006: MB one-year extension US, Canada
Why Heat Treatment (HT)?
Why Heat Treatment (HT)?
Consumer
Preference
HT
Pesticide-free
Products
Insect
Resistance
Higher dosage,
Life stages?
Eco-Friendly
Technology
Montreal Protocol
US Clean Air Act
Green IPM
Heat
Heat
for Pest Management
for Pest Management

Safe: non-chemical, people-safe

Effective: kills all life stages

Eco-friendly: no ozone depletion, toxic
fumes, or corrosive effect
S
E
E
Heat treat: Facilities, Bins & Silos
Heat treat: Facilities, Bins & Silos
Heat & Insect Death
Heat & Insect Death
High temperature

Death by Dehydration (low RH)
Above 50
o
C / 120
o
F

Cell membranes melt

Enzyme destruction

Change in salt balance

Protein coagulation
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Temperature Effects on Insects
Temperature Effects on Insects
Source: P. Fields, AAFC, Canada
Targeted temp. spectrum
120 140F (50-60C)
T
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(

C
)
T
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(

F
)
Efficacy to Control Pests
Efficacy to Control Pests
MBr Methyl bromide
PH
3
- Phosphine
SF (Profume)
CO
2
Carbon dioxide
O
3
- Ozone
. . . . .
Efficacy
Efficacy

function of temperature
function of temperature
Heat Treatment
Heat Treatment
Insects
Insects

lethal threshold temperatures
lethal threshold temperatures
HT Process
HT Process
High Temperature
High Temperature
[120 -

140F/(50 -

60C)]
g

r

a

d
u

a

l
Low Humidity (

25%)
(Desiccation/Dehydration)
Ambient temperature
Ambient temperature
Heat Advantages
Heat Advantages
Safe
Effective
Eco-friendly
SEE
SEE
No evacuation of personnel
No Sealing (except doorways, loading docks etc.)
Spot Treatments continued productivity in offices,
warehouse etc.
Heat Vs MB
Heat Vs MB
-
-
Downtime Comparison (hours)
Downtime Comparison (hours)
Methyl Bromide
Sealing.....0
Set up...4-6
Fumigation....24
Aeration...12-24
TOTAL40-54
Thermal Remediation
Set up..0
Heat up.6-8
Kill Period.24
Cool down....2-4
Tear down.1-2
TOTAL.33-40
Plant evacuation mandatory
Non-treated areas remain
operational
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
Forced
Forced
-
-
Air
Air
(Patented Process)
(Patented Process)
US & Canadian Patents
Positive pressure
Good air distribution
Hot air is pushed into corners,
cracks and crevices
Calculated and controlled
infiltration (4-6 air changes per
hour)
Lower relative humidity
Re
Re
-
-
circulating Inside Air
circulating Inside Air
Negative pressure
Poor air circulation
Uncontrolled infiltration
No air changes
Low temperature zones
(cold spots)
Construction Heat Principles:
Construction Heat Principles:
Make
Make
-
-
Up vs. Recirculating
Up vs. Recirculating
Recirculating heaters promote thermal stratification and infiltration
Make-up air heaters provide uniform temperatures, pressurize the
structure, and exhaust moisture and fumes
HT of Food Processing Plants
HT of Food Processing Plants
Food/feed processing plants
Warehouses
Bakeries
Pet foods, Baby food plants
Flour mills
Dry fruits storages or warehouses
Entire structure or spot treatment
Quality
Quality
-
-
A Simplistic View
A Simplistic View
Production/Processing
Receiving
Marketing/Sales
Management
Quality
QC/Sanitation/EHS
Steps in Heat Treatment
Steps in Heat Treatment

Visit & Joint Inspection (Prod, Mktg, Mgmt)

Visit & Joint Inspection (Prod, Mktg, Mgmt)

Sprinklers, Equipment

Engineering
Engineering

Estimator, sizing, layout, power & fuel

Mobilization
Mobilization

Equipment shipment, Install and set up

Heat Treatment
Heat Treatment

Joint inspection, temperature ramp-up, monitor and
hold 24 hr, inspect bug activity, cool down,
documentation and wrap-up report
Uniform temperatures to avoid cold or hot pockets
Manage Airflow distribution by ducting and fan placement
Temperature Monitoring throughout heated space
Effective Heat Treatment
Effective Heat Treatment
Wireless Temperature
Wireless Temperature
Monitoring System
Monitoring System
Real Time Monitoring to Permit Adjustment
Documentation for Quality Control
Worker Safety & Labor Savings
Heater
Heater
Heater
Temperature transmitters
Receiver
Untreated Area
(Office)
Treated Area
Real-time Wireless Temperature Monitoring
Start of the Heat Treatment
Start of the Heat Treatment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
9/16, 6:14 9/16, 8:38 9/16, 11:02 9/16, 13:26 9/16, 15:50 9/16, 18:14 9/16, 20:38
Tx:49 sensor in office on 5th floor
Tx: 27
Tx: 28
Tx: 29
Tx: 30
Tx: 33
Tx: 34
Tx: 35
Tx: 36
Tx: 37
Tx: 38
Tx: 39
Tx: 40
Tx: 41
Tx: 42
Tx: 43
Tx: 44
Tx: 45
Tx: 46
Tx: 47
Tx: 48
Tx: 49
Tx: 50
Tx: 51
Tx: 52
Tx: 53
Tx: 54
Tx: 55
Tx: 56
Tx: 57
Tx: 58
Tx: 59
Tx: 62
Tx: 64
Tx: 65
Tx: 66
Tx: 67
Tx: 68
Tx: 69
Tx: 70
Tx: 75
Tx: 76
Tx: 77
Tx: 78
Tx: 79
Tx: 80
Tx: 81
Tx: 82
Tx: 47
Tx: 48
Tx: 49
Tx: 50
Tx: 51
Tx: 52
Tx: 53
Tx: 54
T
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(

F
)
Fig. 1: Real-time Temperature Profile
(27C)
(38C)
(49C)
(60C)
Tx: 27
Tx: 28
Tx: 29
Tx: 30
Tx: 33
Tx: 34
Tx: 35
Tx: 36
Tx: 37
Tx: 38
Tx: 39
Tx: 40
Tx: 41
Tx: 42
Tx: 43
Tx: 44
Tx: 45
Tx: 46
Tx: 47
Tx: 48
Tx: 49
Tx: 50
Tx: 51
Tx: 52
Tx: 53
Tx: 54
Tx: 55
Tx: 56
Tx: 57
Tx: 58
Tx: 59
Tx: 62
Tx: 64
Tx: 65
Tx: 66
Tx: 67
Tx: 68
Tx: 69
Tx: 70
Tx: 75
Tx: 76
Tx: 77
Tx: 78
Tx: 79
Tx: 80
Tx: 81
Tx: 82
Tx: 47
Tx: 48
Tx: 49
Tx: 50
Tx: 51
Tx: 52
Tx: 53
Tx: 54
End of the Heat Treatment
End of the Heat Treatment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
9/16, 20:24 9/16, 22:48 9/17, 1:12 9/17, 3:36 9/17, 6:00 9/17, 8:24 9/17, 10:48 9/17, 13:12
Tx:49 sensor in office on 5th floor
T
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(

F
)
Fig. 2: Real-time Temperature Profile
(27C)
(38C)
(49C)
(60C)
Spread of Heat Treatment
Spread of Heat Treatment
USA

California, Indiana, Minnesota, Kansas,
Dakotas, Arkansas, NJ, Florida, Wisconsin. . .
..
Canada

Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, Maritime
provinces
Heat Treatment of Bins & Silos
Heat Treatment of Bins & Silos
Proactive

Preventative
Preventative
&
Reactive -

Response
Response
Bins & Silos
Bins & Silos
Pre-loading or Pre-harvest HT

On-farm bins

Elevators storages

Processing facilities

Organic processing plants
Bin/Silo types

Concrete

Metal
GI bins
Tanks
Empty Bin Sanitation
Empty Bin Sanitation
Accumulation of BGFM
under bin floors

Insect harborage

Mold spore accumulation
Difficult to clean bin floors
Available tools difficult to use or unavailable

Insecticide sprays have to drip through floor
perforations

Blowing DE through fan does not guarantee
uniform application

Chloropicrin no longer available

Phosphine requires applicator license
PERC Project
PERC Project

Purdue University
Purdue University
Heat Treatment of Bins & Silos
Heat Treatment of Bins & Silos
Self contained mobile unit
7.5 Hp blower motor
30 KW, 230 V, 3 phase generator
150 gal. capacity LPG tank
1.5 million BTU/hr heater output
TEMP-AIR MHT-1500:
Portable Self Contained Unit
Portable Self Contained Unit
Mobility with Simplicity!
Mobility with Simplicity!
Heater
Heater
Hopper bottom
Flat bottom
HT of bins and silos
Advantages of HT of Bins/Silos
Advantages of HT of Bins/Silos
S E E
Shorter treatment times (4 to 12 hours)
Bins/Silos in facilities

Treated in rotation without shut-down
On farm or warehouses no extensive sealing
or evacuation
No retrofitting existing transition, bin-entry
Oklahoma Co-op grain elevator
IPM, Pest Control Co., & Heat Treatment
IPM, Pest Control Co., & Heat Treatment
IPM - An approach to pest control that
includes biological, cultural, genetic,
mechanical and chemical means with least
environmental damage
Pest Control Cos.: Uniquely qualified to use
multiple strategies
Heat Treatment can be A TOOL in the
arsenal of pest control methods and NOT
NECESSARILY A REPLACEMENT
TEMP
TEMP
-
-
AIR
AIR
Largest provider of
temporary heating &
cooling equipment
Custom manufactures
HVAC for rental fleet
12 regional offices
serving northern US
Since 1965 & growing stronger. . .
Since 1965 & growing stronger. . .
Denver
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Boston
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Kansas City
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St. Louis
Construction Heating Equipment
Construction Heating Equipment
6,000+ rental units

Up to 4,500,000 Btu/hr

Fleet rating 4 BCF/hr
Natural gas- and
propane-fueled heaters
Steam, hot water, and
electric available
Primary market is
commercial/industrial;
residential growing
Collaborative Research
Collaborative Research
Kansas State University

Basic research

Dr. Subi (Stored Product pests)
PERC Propane Edu. Res. Council

Purdue University

Dr. Maier (bins/silos)

University of Minnesota -

Dr. Kells (bed bugs)
Oklahoma State University concrete silos
GTI Gas Technology Institute

Soil Nematodes

MB alternative
Conclusions
Conclusions
Heat kills all life stages of insects
Good method to locate insect problems in
mill
Mills satisfied with heat treatments and have
become repeat customers
Viable alternative to methyl bromide
Economies of scale - will make it more
affordable
HT Process: patented scientific process
Its more of an Art

HOW

you apply it
Virtual Tour
Virtual Tour
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
Thanks to:

Ms Charlotte Carson, PAPA Regional
Education Director

All of You for being here
Questions?
Questions?
rhulasare@temp-air.com
Ph: 1-800-836-7432 -

Raj
www.thermal-remediation.com