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Seminary Paper-English Language - Air Pollution
Seminary Paper-English Language - Air Pollution
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Acid deposition as an environmental issue would include additional acids to H
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7.0. OZON LAYERS
The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations
of ozone (O
3
). This layer absorbs 9799% of the Sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is
damaging to life on Earth. It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from
approximately 13 to 40 kilometres (8.1 to 25 mi) above Earth, though the thickness varies
seasonally and geographically. The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French
physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson. Its properties were explored in detail by the British
meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that
could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. Between 1928 and 1958 Dobson
established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations, which continue to operate to this day.
The "Dobson unit", a convenient measure of the columnar densityof ozone overhead, is named in
his honor.
8.0. HEALTH EFFECTS
The World Health Organization states that 2.4 million people die each year from causes directly
attributable to air pollution.
he health effects caused by air pollution may include difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing and
aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions. These effects can result in increased
medication use, increased doctor or emergency room visits, more hospital admissions and
premature death. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect
the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants
depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's
health status and genetics.
A new economic study of the health impacts and associated costs of air pollution in the Los Angeles
Basin and San Joaquin Valley of Southern California shows that more than 3800 people die
prematurely (approximately 14 years earlier than normal) each year because air pollution levels
violate federal standards. The number of annual premature deaths is considerably higher than the
fatalities related to auto collisions in the same area, which average fewer than 2,000 per year.
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9.0. KYOTO PROTOCOL
The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), aimed at fighting global warming. The UNFCCC is an
international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving the "stabilization of greenhouse
gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would preventdangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system.
The Protocol was initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, and entered into force on
16 February 2005. As of April 2010, 191 states have signed and ratified the protocol.
Under the Protocol, 37 countries ("Annex I countries") commit themselves to a reduction of four
greenhouse gases (GHG) (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride) and two
groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons) produced by them, and all member
countries give general commitments. Annex I countries agreed to reduce their collective greenhouse
gas emissions by 5.2% from the 1990 level. Emission limits do not include emissions by
international aviation and shipping, but are in addition to the industrial gases, chlorofluorocarbons,
or CFCs, which are dealt with under the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer.
Under the Protocol, 37 countries ("Annex I countries") commit themselves to a reduction of four
greenhouse gases (GHG) (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride) and two
groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons) produced by them, and all member
countries give general commitments. Annex I countries agreed to reduce their collective greenhouse
gas emissions by 5.2% from the 1990 level. Emission limits do not include emissions by
international aviation and shipping, but are in addition to the industrial gases, chlorofluorocarbons,
or CFCs, which are dealt with under the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer.
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10.0 CONCLUSION
As we all know, air is the most important needs of all living beings. Without air life on the our planet
Eart in not possible.
Air pollution is the biggest problem of 21 century, and its cause of mayor impact on planer Earth.
Phenomens like acid rains, greenhouse effect, ozon layers and global warming are the direct results
of air pollution.
The population needs to minimize the pollution of the greenhouse gasses in the air, in order to
secure the planet Earth for the next generations.
We have only one home, the planet Earth!
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11.0 LITERATURE
1. Nedovic, B (2008): Ekologija ivotne sredine
2. Internet:
www.wikipedia.org
www.ekologija.ba
http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/Environmental_Problems/air_pollution.html
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/pollution-overview/
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CONTENT
1.0. Caption .............................................................................................. 2
2.0. Pollutants ......................................................................................... 3-4
3.0. Pollution sources............................................................................. 4-6
4.0. Global warming................................................................................. 6-7
5.0. Greenhouse effect................................................................................7
6.0. Acid rains .............................................................................................8
7.0. Ozon layers ..........................................................................................9
8.0. Health effects .......................................................................................9
9.0. Kyoto protocol .....................................................................................10
10.0. Conclusion ...........................................................................................11
11.0. Literature .............................................................................................12