1.

History of teddy bear - Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States,
is the person responsible for giving the teddy bear his nae. !n "oveber 1#, 1$%2,
Roosevelt &as helping settle a border disp'te bet&een (ississippi and )o'isiana. *'ring his
spare tie he attended a bear h'nt in (ississippi. *'ring the h'nt, Roosevelt +ae 'pon a
&o'nded yo'ng bear and ordered the er+y ,illing of the anial. The -ashington .ost ran
a editorial +artoon +reated by the politi+al +artoonist /lifford 0. 1erryan that ill'strated
the event. The +artoon &as +alled 2*ra&ing the )ine in (ississippi2 and depi+ted both state
line disp'te and the bear h'nt. 3t first 1erryan dre& the bear as a fier+e anial, the bear
had 4'st ,illed a h'nting dog. )ater, 1erryan redre& the bear to a,e it a +'ddly +'b. The
+artoon and the story it told be+ae pop'lar and &ithin a year, the +artoon bear be+ae a
toy for +hildren +alled the teddy bear.
Who made the first toy bear called teddy bear? -ell there are several stories, belo& is the
ost pop'lar one5(orris (i+hto ade the first offi+ial toy bear +alled the teddy bear.
(i+hto o&ned a sall novelty and +andy store in 1roo,lyn, "e& 6or,. His &ife Rose &as
a,ing toy bears for sale in their store. (i+hto sent Roosevelt a bear and as,ed
perission to 'se the teddy bear nae. Roosevelt said yes. (i+hto and a +opany +alled
1'tler 1rothers, began to ass-prod'+e the teddy bear. -ithin a year (i+hto started his
o&n +opany +alled the 7deal "ovelty and Toy /opany.Ho&ever, the tr'th is that no one
is s're &ho ade the first teddy bear, please read the reso'r+es to the right and belo& for
ore inforation on other origins.
2. .oli+e Te+hnology and 8orensi+ S+ien+e
History of the )ie *ete+tor or .olygraph (a+hine- 3n earlier and less s'++essf'l lie dete+tor
or polygraph a+hine &as invented by 9aes (a+,en:ie in 1$%2. Ho&ever, the odern polygraph
a+hine &as invented by 9ohn )arson in 1$21.4ohn )arson, a University of /alifornia edi+al
st'dent, invented the odern lie dete+tor (polygraph) in 1$21. Used in poli+e interrogation and
investigation sin+e 1$2#, the lie dete+tor is still +ontroversial aong psy+hologists, and is not
al&ays 4'di+ially a++eptable. The nae polygraph +oes fro the fa+t that the a+hine re+ords
several different body responses si'ltaneo'sly as the individ'al is ;'estioned.The theory is that
&hen a person lies, the lying +a'ses a +ertain ao'nt of stress that prod'+es +hanges in several
invol'ntary physiologi+al rea+tions. 3 series of different sensors are atta+hed to the body, and as the
polygraph eas'res +hanges in breathing, blood press're, p'lse and perspiration, pens re+ord the
data on graph paper. *'ring a lie dete+tor test, the operator as,s a series of +ontrol ;'estions that set
the pattern of ho& an individ'al responds &hen giving tr'e and false ans&ers. Then the a+t'al
;'estions are as,ed, i<ed in &ith filler ;'estions. The e<aination lasts abo't 2 ho'rs, after &hi+h
the e<pert interprets the data.
=. The history of brassiere- The first odern brassiere to re+eive a patent &as the one invented
in 1$1= by a "e& 6or, so+ialite naed (ary .helps 9a+ob. (ary .helps 9a+ob had 4'st
p'r+hased a sheer evening go&n for one of her so+ial events. 3t that tie, the only
a++eptable 'ndergarent &as a +orset stiffened &ith &haleba+, bones. (ary fo'nd that the
&halebones po,ed o't visible aro'nd the pl'nging ne+,line and 'nder the sheer fabri+. T&o
sil, hand,er+hiefs and soe pin, ribbon later, (ary had designed an alternative to the
+orset. The +orset>s reign &as starting to topple.3n 'nhealthy and painf'l devi+e designed to
narro& an ad'lt &oen>s &aist to 1=, 12, 11 and even 1% or less in+hes, the invention of the
+orset is attrib'ted to /atherine de (?di+is, &ife of 0ing Henri 77 of 8ran+e. She enfor+ed a
ban on thi+, &aists at +o'rt attendan+e>s (1@@%>s) and started over =@% years of &halebones,
steel rods and idriff tort're.(ary .helps 9a+ob>s ne& 'ndergarent +opliented the ne&
fashions introd'+ed at the tie and deands fro friends and faily &ere high for the ne&
brassiere. !n "oveber =, 1$1#, a U.S. patent for the 21a+,less 1rassiere2 &as iss'ed.
#. Discovery of Insulin
Brief biographies of the scientists (Banting, Best, Macleod and Collip) surrounding the
discovery of insulin and treatments for diabetes. It provides descriptions of their
experiments via a scrapbook of old nespaper clippings, pictures, and a voice
recording. !here is a list of books,videos, and links available on the sub"ect of diabetes.
@. .eni+ilin - 7n 1$2A, Sir 3le<ander 8leing observed that +olonies of the ba+teri'
Staphylo+o++'s a're's +o'ld be destroyed by the old .eni+illi' notat', proving that
there &as an antiba+terial agent there in prin+iple. This prin+iple later lead to edi+ines that
+o'ld ,ill +ertain types of disease-+a'sing ba+teria inside the body.3t the tie, ho&ever, the
iportan+e of 3le<ander 8leing>s dis+overy &as not ,no&n. Use of peni+illin did not
begin 'ntil the 1$#%s &hen Ho&ard 8lorey and Brnst /hain isolated the a+tive ingredient
and developed a po&dery for of the edi+ine. Sir 3le<ander 8leing observed that
+olonies of the ba+teri' Staphylo+o++'s a're's +o'ld be destroyed by the old
.eni+illi' notat', deonstrating antiba+terial properties.
6. Sa'el /olt - He invented a g'n that fired 'ltiple ties &itho't reloading, advan+ed
an'fa+t'ring, and +reated a ass ar,et. The /olt revolver &as a godsend to -estern
settlers -- and the 'ltiate threat to .lains 7ndians.
C. 3n 'nderdog physi+ian sho&ed +heists and physi+ists a ne& &ay to loo, inside the h'an
body -- and diagnose illnesses.Big Dreams
Rayond *aadian ade an iportant +ontrib'tion to the fields of s+ien+e and edi+ine
&hen he b'ilt the first n'+lear agneti+ resonan+e (".(.R.) body s+anner in 9'ly 1$CC.
1orn in "e& 6or, in 1$=6, *aadian st'died violin at the 9'lliard S+hool of ('si+ and
&or,ed s'ers as a tennis pro on )ong 7sland. He t'rned a&ay fro 'si+ &hen it
be+ae +lear he &o'ld never find fae as a soloist. 3 ath and s+ien+e &hi:, *aadian
st'died atheati+s and +heistry as an 'ndergrad'ate, then, aspiring to +'re +an+er, he
be+ae a do+tor.Looking Inside the Body
*aadian>s resear+h interests led hi to e<perient &ith ".(.R. te+hnology, e<posing
atoi+ n'+lei to a agneti+ field in order to +a'se the eission of radio &aves at +onsistent
fre;'en+ies. *aadian &as instr'ental in adapting this te+hnology for 'se on the h'an
body &here, as a s+anner, it +o'ld dete+t abnoral tiss'e. 3n abrasive, aggressive
personality, he alienated potential f'nders and s+ientists st'dying ".(.R., &ho loo,ed do&n
'pon hi for being 2only2 a physi+ian, not a .h.*. 1't *aadian perservered in his
resear+h, and in his belief that the te+hnology had an iportant appli+ation in pra+ti+al
edi+ine.Diagnoses Worldwide
Safe and a++'rate, the s+anner +ontin'es to be 'sed today to e<aine soft tiss'e and dete+t a
variety of edi+al +onditions. Si<ty illion patients &orld&ide benefit fro its iages.
*aadian +ontin'es to advan+e the te+hnology of the instr'ent and has been
a+,no&ledged for his efforts &ith a4or a&ards, altho'gh he &as sh't o't of a share in a
"obel .ri:e. His original (.R.7. a+hine is ho'sed in the Sithsonian.
Gene mutation shown to cause leukaemia and lymphoedema
Monday 5 September
Researchers have discovered a gene that when mutated can cause lymphoedema (swollen limbs due to a
failure of the lymph system), immune abnormalities, deafness and leukaemia. he identification of the gene
responsible for causing this rare combination of medical conditions, known as !mberger syndrome, could allow
earlier identification and treatment of those at risk.
his study, which is published online in the "ournal #ature $enetics this week (Sunday % September), showed
that it is caused by a mutation in the $&&' gene.
Mutations in this gene have very recently been associated with the development of leukaemia and
immunodeficiency but had not previously been linked to lymphoedema.
he study was led by a team at St $eorge(s, )niversity of *ondon and St $eorge(s +ospital. he researchers
recruited eight patients with !mberger syndrome, two of whom had a family history of the condition. ,n
collaboration with colleagues at -ings .ollege *ondon, they carried out #e/t $eneration Se0uencing (a new
techni0ue which can rapidly se0uence all the genes in the human genome) on these patients to identify any
genetic patterns that could provide clues about the disease. &ll eight patients had a mutation in the $&&'
gene.
.onsultant geneticist, 1r Sahar Mansour, who led the study with 2rofessors Steve 3effery and 2eter Mortimer,
said4 5!mberger syndrome affects only a handful of people in the )-. +owever, little is known about the
development of both the lymphatic system or leukaemia his gene obviously has a crucial role in both and is an
important piece of the "igsaw pu66le. ,t may lead to a better understanding of why these problems develop and
eventually target treatment for both.7
he identification of a mutation in $&&' adds to the increasing number of genes responsible for causing
2rimary *ymphoedema. ,t is the fourth gene to be associated with the condition to be identified at St $eorge(s,
which runs the )-(s only specialist clinic for primary lymphoedema.
2rofessor Mortimer who runs this specialist clinic said4 5he genetic causes of lymphoedema are important
developments in the understanding of both cause and mechanism for lymphatic disorders which are a
neglected area of clinical practice. $ene testing is already changing the means by which lymphoedema is
categorised and diagnosed. ,n the future it will lead to treatment through drugs acting on molecular targets.7