Physics-XII

1
Set I
1. Two charges of magnitudes 2Q and + Q are located at points ( , ) a 0 and( , ) 4 0 a
respectively. What is the electric flux due to these charges through a sphere of
radius 3a with its centre at the origin?
2. How does the mutual inductance of a pair of coils change, when
(i) distance between the coils is increased and
(ii) number of turns in the coils is increased?
3. The graph shown in the figure represents a plot of current versus voltage for a
given semiconductor. Identify the region, if any, over which the semiconductor
has a negative resistance.
4. Two identical cells, each of emf E, having negligible internal resistance are
connected in parallel with each other across an external resistance R. What is
the current through this resistance?
A
B
C
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
)
I
Voltage ( ) V
Time : 3 hrs Max. Marks : 70
Examination Paper
Physics-XII
2013
CBSE
G
All questions are compulsory.
G
There are 29 questions in total. Questions 1 to 8 are very short answer questions and carry one mark each.
G
Questions 9 to 16 carry two marks each, questions 17 to 25 carry three marks each, question 26 is value based carry four
marks and questions 27 to 29 carry five marks each.
G
There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of
three marks andall three questions of five marks each. You have to attempt only one of the given choices in such questions.
G
Use of calculator is not permitted. However, you may use log tables if necessary.
G
You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary c 3 10
8
ms
1
, h

6.63 10
34
Js,
e

1.6 10
19
C,
0
7
4 10

TmA
1
, 1/4
0
9
9 10 Nm
2
-C
2
, m
e
9.1

10
31
kg, Mass of neutron


1.675 10
27
kg, Mass of proton

1.673 10
27
kg
Physics-XII
2
CBSE Solved Paper
5. The motion of copper plate is damped,
when it is allowed to oscillate between the
two poles of a magnet. What is the cause of
this damping?
6. Define the activity of a given radioactive
substance. Write its SI unit.
7. Welders wear special goggles or face masks
with glass windows to protect their eyes
from electromagnetic radiation. Name the
radiations and write the range of their
frequency.
8. Write the expression for the de-Broglie
wavelength associated with a charged
particle having charge q and mass m, when
it is accelerated by a potential V.
9. Draw typical output characteristics of an
n-p-n transistor in CE configuration. Show
how these characteristics can be used to
determine output resistance?
10. A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a
narrow slit and the resulting diffraction
pattern is observed on a screen 1 maway. It
is observed that the first minimum is at a
distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the
screen. Calculate the width of the slit.
11. A slab of material of dielectric constant K
has the same area as that of the plates of a
parallel plate capacitor but has the
thickness d/2, where d is the separation
between the plates. Find out the expression
for its capacitance, when the slab is
inserted between the plates of the
capacitor.
12. A capacitor made of two parallel plates
each of the plate A and separation d, is
being charged by an external AC source.
Show that the displacement current inside
the capacitor is the same as the current
charging the capacitor.
13. Explain the termdrift velocity of electrons
in conductor. Hence, obtain the expression
for the current through a conductor in
terms of drift velocity.
Or
Describe briefly with the help of a circuit
diagram, how a potentiometer is used to
determine the internal resistance of a cell.
14. A convex lens of focal length f
1
is kept in
contact with a concave lens of focal length f
2
.
Find the focal length of the combination.
15. In the block diagramof a simple modulator for
obtaining an AM signal, shown in the figure,
identifytheboxes AandB. Writetheir function.
16. In the circuit shown in the figure, identify the
equivalent gate of the circuit and make its
truth table.
17. (i) For a given AC, i i t
m
sin , show that the
average power dissipated in a resistor R
over a complete cycle is
1
2
2
i R
m
.
(ii) Alight bulb is rated at 100 Wfor a 220 VAC
supply. Calculate the resistance of the
bulb.
18. Arectangular conductor LMNOis placed in a
uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T. The field is
directed perpendicular to the plane of the
conductor. When the arm MN of length
20 cmis moved towards left with a velocity of
10
1
ms

, calculate the emf induced in the

arm. Given, the resistance of the arm to be
5 (assuming that other arms are of
negligible resistance), find the value of the
current in the arm.
Or
A wheel with 8 metallic spokes each
50 cm long is rotated with a speed of
120 rev/min in a plane normal to the
horizontal component of the Earths magnetic
field. The Earths magnetic fieldat the place is
0.4 Gand the angle of dip is60. Calculate the
emf induced between the axle and the rim of
wheel. How will the value of emf be affected,
if the number of spokes were increased?
A B
AM wave
y t ( ) x t ( )
Modulating
signal
Carrier wave

AN
BN
A
B
Y
l
L
O

N
M
B
19. Define the current sensitivity of a
galvanometer. Write its SI unit.
Figure shows two circuits each having a
galvanometer and battery of 3 V.
When the galvanometer in each
arrangement do not show any deflection,
obtain the ratio R R
1 2
/ .
20. A wire AB is carrying a steady current of
12 A and is lying on the table. Another wire
CD carrying 5 A is held directly above AB at
a height of 1 mm. Find the mass per unit
length of the wire CD, so that it remains
suspended at its position when left free.
Give the direction of the current flowing in
CD with respect to that in AB.
[Take the value of g 10 ms
2
]
21. Draw V-I characteristics of a p-n junction
diode. Answer the following questions,
giving reasons.
(i) Why is the current under reverse bias
almost independent of the applied
potential upto a critical voltage?
(ii) Why does the reverse current show a
sudden increase at the critical voltage?
Name any semiconductor device which
operates under the reverse bias in the
breakdown region.
22. Draw a labelled ray diagram of a refracting
telescope. Define its magnifying power and
write the expression for it.
Write two important limitations of a
refracting telescope over a reflecting type
telescope.
23. Write Einsteins photoelectric equation and
point out any two characteristic properties of
photons on which this equation is based.
Briefly explain the three observed features
which can be explained by this equation.
24. Name the type of waves which are used for
Line of Sight (LOS) communication. What is
the range of their frequencies?
A transmitting antenna at the top of a tower
has a height of 20 m and the height of the
receiving antenna is 45 m. Calculate the
maximum distance between them for
satisfactory communication in Line of Sight
mode. (Radius of the Earth 64 10
6
. km)
25. (i) What is linearly polarised light? Describe
briefly using a diagram, how sunlight is
polarised.
(ii) Unpolarised light is incident on a
polaroid. How would the intensity of
transmitted light change when the
polaroid is rotated?
26. One day Chetans mother developed a
severe stomach ache all of a sudden. She
was rushed to the doctor who suggested for
an immediate endoscopy test and gave an
estimate of expenditure for the same.
Chetan immediately contacted his class
teacher and shared the information with her.
The class teacher arranged the money and
rushed to the hospital. On realising that
Chetan belonged to a belowaverage income
group family, even the doctor offered
concession for the test fee. The test was
conducted successfully.
Answer the following questions based on
the above information
(i) Which principle in optics is made use of in
endoscopy?
(ii) Briefly explain the values reflected in the
action taken by the teacher.
(iii) In what way do you appreciate the
response of the doctor on the given
situations?
27. (i) Using Biot-Savarts law, derive the
expression for the magnetic field in the
vector form at a point on the axis of a
circular current loop.
(ii) What does a toroid consist of ? Find out the
expression for the magnetic field inside a
toroid for N turns of the coil having the
average radius r and carrying a current I.
Show that the magnetic field in the open
space inside and exterior to the toroid is
zero.
Physics-XII
3
CBSE Solved Paper
3.0 V
R
1
G
60
9 6
4
R
2
3.0 V
8
6
12
G
1.20
Physics-XII
4
CBSE Solved Paper
Or
(i) Draw a schematic sketch of a cyclotron.
Explain clearly the role of crossed electric
and magnetic field in accelerating the
charge. Hence derive the expression for the
kinetic energy acquired by the particles.
(ii) An-particle and a proton are released from
the centre of the cyclotron and made to
accelerate.
(a) Can both be accelerated at the same
cyclotron frequency? Give reason to justify
your answer.
(b) When they are accelerated in turn, which of
the two will have higher velocity at the exit
slit of the dees?
28. (i) Define electric dipole moment. Is it a scalar
or a vector? Derive the expression for the
electric field of a dipole at a point on the
equatorial plane of the dipole.
(ii) Draw the equipotential surfaces due to an
electric dipole. Locate the points where the
potential due to the dipole is zero.
Or
Using Gauss law, deduce the expression for
the electric field due to a uniformly charged
spherical conducting shell of radius R at a
point
(i) outside and (ii) inside the shell.
Plot a graph showing variation of electric
field as a function of r R > and r R <
(r being the distance fromthe centre of the
shell).
29. Using Bohrs postulates, derive the
expression for the frequency of radiation
emitted when electron in hydrogen atom
undergoes transition from higher energy
state quantum number ( ) n
i
to the lower
state ( ) n
f
.
When electron in hydrogen atom jumps
from energy state n
i
4 to n
f
3, 2, 1.
Identify the spectral series to which the
emission lines belong.
Or
(i) Draw the plot of binding energy per
nucleon (BE/A) as a function of mass
number A. Write two important
conclusions that can be drawn
regarding the nature of nuclear force.
(ii) Use this graph to explain the release of
energy in both the processes of nuclear
fusion and fission.
(iii) Write the basic nuclear process of
neutron undergoing-decay. Why is the
detection of neutrinos found very
difficult?
Set II
7. A light metal disc on the top of an electromagnet is thrown up as the current is switched on. Why?
Give reason.
9. In the circuit shown in the figure, identify the equivalent gate of the circuit and make its truth
table.
Set I
1. Gauss theorem states that the total electric flux
linked with closed surface S is
E
d
q

E S
0
,
where q is the total charge enclosed by the closed
Gaussian (imaginary) surface.
The sphere enclose charge + 2Q Q Q
Therefore,
Q

0
2. (i) A MI, with the increase in the distance
between the coils the magnetic flux linked with
the secondary coil decreases and hence, the
mutual inductance of the two coils will decreases
with the increase of separation between them.
(ii) Mutual inductance of two coils can be found out
by M n n A
0 1 2
I, i.e., M n n
1 2
, so, with the
increase in number of turns, mutual inductance
increases.
3. Resistance of a material can be found out by the
slope of the curve V versus I. Part BC of the curve
shows the negative resistance as with the increase in
current, there is decrease in voltage.
4. The cells are arranged as shown in the circuit
diagram given below
As the internal resistance is negligible, so total
resistance of the circuit R
So, current through the resistance, I
E
R
.
(In parallel combination, potential is same as the
single cell.)
5. As the copper plates oscillate in the magnetic field
between the two poles of the magnet, there is a
continuous change of magnetic field flux linked with
the pendulum. Due to this, eddy currents are set up
in copper plate which try to oppose the motion of the
plate (according to the Lenzs law) and finally bring it
to rest.
6. The rate or activity of a sample is defined as the rate
of disintegration taking place in the sample of
radioactive substance. The SI unit of activity is
Becquerel (Bq).
1 Bq = 1 disintegration
7. Welders wear special goggles with glass windows to
protect their eyes fromultraviolet rays [UV-rays]. The
range of UV-rays is 4 10
7

m (400 nm) to
6 10
10

m (0.6 nm).
8. The charged particle has mass m and charge q.
The kinetic energy of the particle is equal to the work
done on it by the electric field.
K qV

1
2
2
mv qV

p
m
qV
2
2

p mqV 2
de-Broglie wavelength associated with the
particle,

h
p
h
mqV 2
9. Output characteristics is the plot between
collector-emitter voltage (V
CE
) and the collector
current (
C
I ) at different constant values of base
current ( ) I
B
.
Output resistance is defined as the ratio of variation
of collector-emitter voltage ( ) V
CE
and
corresponding change in collector current ( ) I
C
,
when base current remains constant. Initially with
the increase in V
CE
, the collector current increases
almost linearly, this is because the junction is not
reverse biased. When the supply is more than
required to reverse bias, the base-collector junction,
I
C
increases very little with V
CE
.
CBSE Solved Paper
Physics-XII
5
R
E
E
+Q
( ,0) a
2Q
(4 ,0) a (3 ,0) a (0,0)
1
1/2
1/2
60 A
50 A
40 A
30 A
20 A
10 A
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
10
8
6
4
2
Collector to emitter voltage ( ) in volts V
CE
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
o
r
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
)
i
n
m
A
I
C
Base current ( ) I
B
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SOLUTIONS
The reciprocal of slope of the linear part of the curve
gives the value of output resistance
i e . ., r
V
C
I
B
0

_
,

CE
I
10. The distance of the nth minimum from the centre of
the screen is,
x
nD
a
n


(i)
where D distance of slit from screen
wavelength of the light,
a width of the slit for first minimum,
n 1,
x
n


2.5 mm 2.5 m, 10
3
D 1m


500 500 10
9
nm m
Putting these values in Eq. (i), we get
2.5 10
1(1)

3
9
500 10 ( )
a
a

2 10
4
m 0.2 mm
11. Initially, dielectric when there is vacuum between
the two plates, the capacitance of the two parallel
plates is,
C
A
d
0
0

where A is the area of parallel plates.
Suppose that the capacitor is connected to a battery,
an electric fieldE
0
is produced. Now, if we insert the
dielectric slab of thickness t d/2, the electric field
reduces to E.
Now, the gap between plates is divided in two parts,
for distance t, there is electric field E and for the
remaining distance (d t), the electric field is E
0
.
If V be the potential difference between the plates of
the capacitor, then V Et E d t +
0
( )
V
Ed E d d
E E + +
2 2 2
0
0
( ) Q t
d

1
]
1
2
V
d E
K
E +

_
,

2
0
0
+
dE
K
K
0
2
1 ( ) as
E
E
K
0

1
]
1
Now, E
q
A
0
0 0

V
d
K
q
A
K +
2
1
0

( )
We know, C
q
V
K A
d K

+
2
1
0

( )
12. Let the alternating emf charging the plates of
capacitor be E E
0
sin t
Charge on the capacitor, q EC CE t
0
sin
Instantaneous current is I.
I
dq
dt
d
dt
( sin ) CE t
0
CE t t
0 0
cos cos I
[where, I
0 0
CE ]
Displacement current, I
D
E
d
dt

0 0
0
A
d E
dt
A
d
dt
q
A
( )

_
,

_
,

0
0
0
A
d
dt
CE t
A
sin

d
dt
CE t ( sin )
0
CE t t
0 0
cos cos I
Thus, the displacement current inside the capacitor
is the same as the current charging the capacitor.
13. Drift velocity of electrons in a conductor Metals
contain a large number of free electrons. These
electrons are in continuous random motion. Due to
the random motion, the free electrons collide with
positive metal ions with high frequency and
undergo change in direction at each collision. So,
the average velocity for the electrons in a conductor
is zero.
Now, when this conductor is connected to a source
of emf, an electric field is established in the
conductor, such that
E V/L
where V potential difference across the conductor
and
L length of the conductor
The electric field exerts an electrostatic force Ee on
each free electron in the conductor. The acceleration
of each electron is given by
a
E

e
m
where e electric charge on electron and m mass
of electron.
The negative sign indicates that the force and hence,
the acceleration is a direction opposite to the
direction of electric field. Due to this acceleration,
the electrons attain a velocity in addition to thermal
velocity in the opposite direction to that of electric
field. The average velocity of all the free electrons in
the conductor is called the drift velocity of free
electrons of the conductor.
v
e
m
d

E
(i)
where relaxation time between two successive
collisions.
Thus, the expression for the drift velocity is
Electric field, E
V
L
(ii)
Let n number density of electrons in the conductor.
Number of free electrons in the conductor nAL
Total charge on the conductor, q nALe
Physics-XII
6
CBSE Solved Paper
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Time taken by this charge to cover the length L of the
conductor, t
L
v
d

Current, I
q
t
nALe
L
nAev
d
Using Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get that
l nAe
e
m
nAev
d

_
,

Or
Measurement of internal resistance of a cell using
potentiometer.
The cell of emf, E (internal resistance r) is connected
across a resistance box ( ) R through key K
2
.
WhenK
2
is open balance length is obtained at length
AN
1 1
l
V l
2
(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
E
V

l
l
1
2
(iii)
E r R + l ( )
V R l

E
V
r R
R

+
(iv)
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
R r
R
+

l
l
1
2

E
V

l
l
1
2
Q r R
E
V

_
,

1
r R

_
,

l
l
1
2
1
We know l
1
, l
2
and R, so we can calculate r.
14. Focal length for convex lens f
1
Focal length for concave lens f
2
The equivalent focal length of a combination of
convex lens and concave lens is given as
1 1 1
1 2
F f f
+

F
f f
f f

1 2
2 1
15. In the block diagram of modulator, A is square law
device and B is band pass filter.
Band pass filter rejects lowand high frequencies and
allows a band of frequencies to pass through.
Square lawdevice is a non-linear device. It produces
a non-linear output of message and carrier signals.
The output from square law device is,
y t Bx t Cx t ( ) ( ) ( ) +
2
where B and C are constants and
x t ( ) message signal ( sin ) A t
m m
+ carrier signal
( sin ) A t
c c

16. Y A B A B A B + +
Truth Table
A B A A B B
Y A B
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0
Thus the equivalent gate is OR gate.
17. (i) The average power dissipated
P i R i R t i R t
m m

2 2 2 2 2
sin sin
Q sin ( cos )
2
1
2
1 2 t t
sin ( cos )
2
1
2
1 2
1
2
t t [ cos ] Q 2 0 t
P i R
m

1
2
2
(ii) Power of the bulb, P 100 W and
voltage, V 220 V
The resistance of the bulb is given as
R
V
P

2 2
220
100
484
18. Given, B 0.5 T, cm l 20 and
v

10
1
ms
Physics-XII
7
CBSE Solved Paper
AN
BN
A
B
Y = A + B
N
1
K
2
E
2
G
N
2
C
A
B
R
+

K
1
RB
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
l
x
L
O
v
N
M
B
1
1
Physics-XII
8
CBSE Solved Paper
Let ON be x at some instant t.
The emf included in the coil,
e
d
dt


e
d
dt
d BA
dt

( )
[ ] Q BA
Here, A Area of loop length breadth
l x [at instant t]

d B x
dt
B
dx
dt
( ) l
l
[QThe only variable here is x]
B v l
Q v
dx
dt
velocity of the loop
0.5 0.2 V 10 1
Current in the arm, I
e
R
1
5
0.2 A
Or
Q Horizontal component, H B cos
0 4 0 4
1
2
. . cos 60


. 0 2 10
4
G T 0.2
[ cos / ] Q 60 1 2
The wheel is rotating in a plane normal to horizontal
component, so it will cut the horizontal component
only, vertical component of earth will contribute
nothing in emf.
Thus, the emf induced is given as
E H
1
2
2
l
where

2
60
N
and l length of the spoke 50 cm 0.5 m
E

1
2
10
4 2
0.2 0.5
2 120
60
3.14


. 314 10
5
V
The value of emf induced is independent of the
number of spokes as the emfs across the spokes are in
parallel. So, the emf will be unaffected with the
increase in spokes.
19. Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is defined as the
deflection in galvanometer per unit current. Its SI unit
is radian/ampere.
For balanced Wheatstone bridge, there will be no
deflection in the galvanometer.
4 6
9
4 9
6
6
1
1
R
R


For the equivalent circuit, when the Wheatstone
bridge is balanced, there will be no deflection in
the galvanometer.

12
8
6
2

R
R
2
6 8
12
4

R
R
1
2
6
4
3
2

20. Force per unit length between the current carrying
wires is given as F
r

0 1 2
4
2I I
where I
1
current in wire AB12 A,
I
2
current in wire CD 5 A and
r distance between wires 1mm


1 10
3
m

0 1 2
4
2I I
r
mg
where m is mass per unit length.
10
2 12 5
1 10
10
7
3

m
m

10
2 12 5
1 10
1
10
7
3


1.2 10
3
kg/m
21. V-I characteristic of p-n junction diode
3.0 V
G
9
6
R
2
3.0 V
8
6
12
G
R
2
12
1.20
3.0 V
R
1
G
9

6
4
60
100
80
60
40
20
100 80 60 40 20
10
20
30
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.8
V(V) V
br
I (mA)
I (A)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
Physics-XII
9
(i) Under the reverse bias condition, the holes of p-side are attracted towards the negative terminal
of the battery and the electrons of the n-side are attracted towards the positive terminal of the
battery. This increases the depletion layer and the induced potential barrier is also increase.
However, the minority charge carriers are drifted across the junction producing a small current.
At any temperature, the number of minority carriers is constant, so there is the small current at
any applied potential. This is the reason for the current under reverse bias known as reverse
saturation current to be almost independent of applied potential. At the certain level of voltage,
avalanche breakdown takes place which results in a sudden flow of large current.
(ii) At the critical voltage the voltage, at which breakdown takes place the holes in the n-side and
conduction electrons in the p-side are accelerated due to the reverse-bias voltage. These minority
carriers acquire sufficient kinetic energy from the electric field and collide with a valence
electron. Thus, the bond is finally broken and the valence electrons move into the conduction
band resulting in enormous flow of electrons and thus formation of hole-electron pairs. Thus,
there is a sudden increase in the current at the critical voltage.
Zener diode is a semiconductor device which operates under the reverse bias in the breakdown
region.
22. Magnifying power, m +

_
,

f
f
f
D
o
e
e
1
where f f
o e
and are focal length of objective and eye lens and
D least distance of distinct vision.
Limitations of refracting telescope over a reflecting type telescope
(i) Refracting telescope suffers from chromatic aberration as it uses large sized lenses.
(ii) It is also difficult and expensive to make such large sized lenses.
23. Einsteins photoelectric equation is given by
KE mv h h
max max

1
2
2

0
where m mass of the body
v
max
maximum velocity of the emitted photoelectron
h planck constant
frequency of incident light beam

0
work function of the metal
The two characteristics properties of photons on which this equation is based are as follows
(i) Photons have particle characteristics. It is emitted or absorbed in units called quanta of light.
(ii) Photons have wave characteristics. It travels in space with particular frequency, a characteristics of
waves.
The three salient features observed in the above equation are
(i) Frequency When frequency of incident photon ( ) increases, the kinetic energy of emitted
electrons increases. Intensity has no effect on kinetic energy of photoelectron.
(ii) Intensity When intensity of incident light increases, as one photon ejects one electron, the
increase in intensity will increase the number of ejected electrons. Frequency has no effect on
photoelectron.
CBSE Solved Paper
E
Rays
from distant object
Eye
A
B
At infinity
O
f
o
f
e
F
e
F
o
B'

A'
B''

A''
Objective Eyepiece
D
u
e
F
e
Astronomical Telescope
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(iii) No time lag When energy of incident photon is
greater than work function, the photoelectron is
immediately ejected. Thus, there is no time lag
between incidence of light and emission of
photoelectron.
24. Space waves are used for the Line of Sight (LOS)
communication. Space wave communication
involves the transmission fromtransmitter, travelling
along a straight line in space, reaches to receiving
antenna.
The range of their frequencies is 40 MHz and above.
The range of space wave propagation is limited by
Line of Sight distance between transmission to
receiver/repeater antenna.
Maximum Line of Sight distance d d d
m T R
+
where d
T
maximum horizon for transmitting
antenna
and d
R
maximumhorizon for receiving antenna
d Rh Rh
m T R
+ 2 2
where R 6400 10 6 4 10
3 6
m m .
h h
T R
20 45 m and m
Maximum Line of Sight distance
d
m
2 6 4 10 20
6
. + 2 6 4 10 45
6
.
+ 2 8 10 3 8 10 40
3 3
km
Thus, the maximumdistance between the antennas is
40 km.
25. Linearly polarised light is the light wave in which the
vibration of electric field vectors are confined in one
plane and parallel to one a unique direction.
The intensity of transmitted light become maximum
when the inserted polaroid and analyser (the
polaroid which receives light that is transmitted by
inserted polaroid) have their axes parallel to each
other.
(i) The incident sunlight is unpolarised. The dot and
double arrows show the polarisation in the
perpendicular and in the plane of the figure.
Under the influence of the electric field of the
incident wave, the electrons in the molecules of
the atmosphere acquire components of motion in
both these directions.
An observer looking at 90 to the direction of the
sun, the charges accelerating parallel to the
double arrows do not radiate energy towards this
observer, since their acceleration has no
transverse component. The radiation scattered by
the molecule is therefore represented by dots. It is
linearly polarised perpendicular to the plane of
the figure.
(ii) If the unpolarised light is incident on a polaroid,
the intensity is reduced by half. Even, if the
polaroid is rotated by angle , the average power
cos
2
1
2
.
Thus, from Malus law
I I
0
2
cos
or I I I
0
2
0
2
cos cos I
0
2 /
Thus, the intensity of the transmitted light
remains unchanged when the polaroid is rotated.
26. (i) Endoscopy is based on Total Internal Reflection
(TIR) principle. It has tubes which are made up of
optical fibres which are used for transmitting and
receiving electrical signals, which are converted
to light by suitable transducer.
(ii) Humanity and Helping nature.
(iii) Doctor gave monetary help to Chetan by
understanding his poor financial condition.
27. (i) Figure shows the longitudinal sectional view of
long current carrying solenoid. The current
comes out of the plane of paper at points marked.
B is the magnetic field at any point inside the
solenoid.
Considering the rectangular closed path abcd.
Applying Amperes circuital law over loop abcd.
o

B dl
0
(Total current passes through loop abcd)
a
b
b
c
c
d
d d d

+ + B B B l l l
+

_
,

1
]
1
d
a
d
N
L
i B l l
0
Physics-XII
10
CBSE Solved Paper
Scattered light
(polarised)
Incident sunlight (unpolarised)
d c
a b
l
Q
B
1
1
1
1
2
2
Y
Wave propagation
O
Z
X
1
1
1
1
where
N
L
number of turns per unit length,
ab cd l length of rectangle.
a
b
b
c
Bd Bd

+ + l l cos cos 0 90 0
+

_
,

d
a
Bd
N
L
i l l cos 90
0

[ cos Q 0 1 and cos 90 0]

B d
N
L
i
a
b

_
,

l l
0
B
N
L
i l l

_
,

0
B
N
L
i

_
,

0
or B ni
0
where n number of turns per unit length.
This is required expression for magnetic field
inside the long current carrying solenoid.
(ii) A solenoid bent into the form of closed loop is
called toroid. The magnetic fieldBhas a constant
magnitude everywhere inside the toroid.
(a) Let magnetic field inside the toroid is B along
the considered loop 1 as shown in figure.
Applying Amperes circuital law,
o

loop1
B d NI l
0
( )
Note Since, toroid of Nturns, threads the loop 1,
N times, each carrying current I inside the loop.
Therefore, total current threading the loop 1 is NI.
o

loop1
B d NI l
0
B d NI l

0
loop1
B r NI 2
0
or B
NI
r

0
2
(b) Magnetic field inside the open space interior
the toroid Let the loop 2 is shown in figure
experience magnetic field B.
No current threads the loop 2 which lie in
the open space inside the toroid.
By Amperes circuital law,
o

loop 2
0
0 B dl ( ) B 0
Magnetic field in the open space exterior of
toroid Let us consider a coplanar loop 3 in
the open space of exterior of toroid. Here,
each turn of toroid threads the loop two times
in opposite directions.
Therefore, net current threading the loop
NI NI 0
By Amperes circuital law,
o

loop 3
0
0 B d NI NI l ( ) B 0
Thus, there is no magnetic field in the open
space interior and exterior of toroid.
Or
(i) The combination of crossed electric and
magnetic fields is used to increase the energy of
the charged particle.
Cyclotron uses the fact that the frequency of
revolution of the charged particle in a magnetic
field is independent of its energy. Inside the dees,
the particle is shielded from the electric field and
magnetic field acts on the particle and makes it to
go round in a circular path inside a dee.
Every time, the particle moves from one dee to
the other, it comes under the influence of electric
field which ensures to increase the energy of the
particle as the sign of the electric field changed
alternately. The increased energy increases the
radius of the circular path, so the accelerated
particle moves in a spiral path.
Since, radius of trajectory
r
vm
qB

v
rqB
m

Physics-XII
11
CBSE Solved Paper
r
1
2
3
r
r
O
Q
S
d
2
Charged
particle
Exit port
D
1 D
2
Magnetic field out
of the paper
Deflection plate
Oscillator
I
I
P
Q
B
1
1
1
1
1
1
Physics-XII
12
CBSE Solved Paper
Hence, the kinetic energy of ions

1
2
1
2
2
2 2 2
2
mv m
r q B
m

1
2
2 2 2
r q B
m
(ii) (a) Let the mass of proton m, charge of proton
q, mass of -particle 4m and
charge of -particle 2q
Cyclotron frequency,

Bq
m 2

q
m
For proton Frequency,
p
q
m

For -particle Frequency,

2
4
q
m
or

q
m 2
Thus, particles will not accelerate with same
cyclotron frequency. The frequency of proton
is twice than the frequency of -particle.
(b) Velocity, v
Bqr
m
v
q
m

For proton Velocity, v

q
m
p

For -particle Velocity,
v
q
m

2
4
or v
q
m

2
Thus, particles will not exit the dees with same
velocity. The velocity of proton is twice than
the velocity of -particle.
28. (i) The electric dipole moment of electric dipole is
defined as a vector p q( ) 2l , where 2l is the
vector joining the negative charge to the positive
charge. It is a vector quantity.
SI unit coulomb-metre (C-m)
Electric dipole moment is a vector quantity.
Consider an electric dipole AB consists of two
charges +q and q separated by a distance 2a.
We have to find electric field at point P on
equipotential line separated by a distance r.
Electric field at point P, due to charge +q,
E
1
0
2 2 2
1
4

q
r a [ ( )]

+
1
4
0
2 2

q
r a ( )
, along AP
Due to charge q,
E
2
0
2 2
1
4

+
q
r a
, along PB
On resolving E
A
and E
B
into rectangular
components, we get resultant electric field at
point P,
E E E
A B
+ cos cos

+
1
4
0
2 2

q
r a ( )
cos +

+
1
4
0
2 2

q
r a ( )
cos

+

+
2
1
4
0
2 2
2 2

q
r a
a
r a
( )
( )


+
1
4
2
0
2 3 2

2
q a
r a ( )
/
But q a p 2
E
p
r a

+
1
4
0
2 2 3 2
( )
/
If r a > > , then E
p
r

1
4
0
3

(ii) Equipotential surface due to electric dipole

The potential due to the dipole is zero at the line
bisecting the dipole length.
Or
Electric field due to a uniformly charged thin
spherical shell
E
1
E
1
sin
E
1
cos
E
2
cos
E
2
E
2
sin
(
+
)
r
a
2
2
q
B


A
O
+q
a a
( + ) r a
2 2
P
r
q +q p
2l
1
1
1
1
1/2
1
1
2
v = V
2
I
I
P
Q
B
O
Charged spherical
shell
Gaussian surface
R
ds
P
E
r
1
Physics-XII
13
CBSE Solved Paper
(i) When point P lies outside the spherical shell
Suppose that we have to calculate electric field at
the point P at a distance r r R ( ) > from its centre.
Draw the Gaussian surface through point P, so as
to enclose the charged spherical shell. The
Gaussian surface is a spherical shell of radius r
and centre O.
Let E be the electric field at point P. Then, the
electric flux through area element dS is given by
d d E S
Since, dS is also along normal to the surface
d E ds
Total electric flux through the Gaussian surface
is given by


E d E d
S S
S S
Now, d r S

4
2

E r 4
2
(i)
Since, the charge enclosed by the Gaussian
surface is q, according to Gauss theorem.

q
0
(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we obtain
E r
q

4
2
0

E
q
r

1
4
0
2

[For r R > ]
(ii) When point P lies inside the spherical shell
In such a case, the Gaussian surface enclosed no
charge.
According to Gauss law,
E r 4 0
2

i e . ., E 0 [ ] For r R <
Graph showing the variation of electric field as a
function of r
29. In the hydrogen atom,
Radius of electron orbit,
r
n h
kme

2 2
2 2
4
(i)
Kinetic energy of electron,
E mv
ke
r
k

1
2 2
2
2
E
ke kme
n h
K

2 2 2
2 2
2
4
[From Eq. (i)]

2
2 2 4
2 2
k me
n h
Potential energy,
E
k e e
r
ke
r
P



( ) ( )
2
E ke
kme
n h
P

2
2 2
2 2
4

4
2 2 4
2 2
k me
n h

Total energy of electron + E E

K P
E
k me
n h

2
2 2 4
2 2

4
2 2 4
2 2
k me
n h

_
,

2 1
2 2 4
2 2
k me
h n
Now, according to Bohrs frequency condition,
when electron in hydrogen atom undergoes
transition fromhigher energy state (quantumnumber
n
j
) to the lower state ( ) n
f
is,
h E E
n n
i f

or h
k me
h n
i

_
,

2 1
2 2 4
2 2

_
,

2 1
2 2 4
2 2
k me
h n
f
or h
k me
h n n
f i

_
,

2 1 1
2 2 4
2 2 2
or

_
,

2 1 1
2 2 4
3 2 2
k me
h n n
f i
or

_
,

c k me
ch n n
f i
2 1 1
2 2 4
3 2 2
2
2 2
3
k me
ch
R Rydberg constant


1.097 m 10
7 1
Thus,

_
,
Rc
n n
f i
1 1
2 2
Now, higher state n
i
4,
lower state, n
f
3, 2, 1
For the transition,
n n
i f
4 to 3: Paschen series
n n
i f
4 to 2: Balmer series
n n
i f
4 to 1: Lyman series
r(m)
E
0
E (N/C)
R
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Physics-XII
14
Or
(i) Plot of binding energy per nucleon as the
function of mass number A is given as below
Following are the two conclusions that can be
drawn regarding the nature of the nuclear force
(a) The force is attractive and strong enough to
produce a binding energy of few MeV per
nucleon.
(b) The constancy of the binding energy in the
range 30<A<170 is a consequence of the fact
that the nuclear force is short range force.
(ii) Nuclear fission A very heavy nucleus
( ) say 240 A has lower binding energy per
nucleon as comparedto the nucleus with A 120.
Thus, if the heavier nucleus breaks to the lighter
nucleus with high binding energy per nucleon,
nucleons are tightly bound. This implies that
energy will be released in the process which
justifies the energy release in fission reaction.
Nuclear fusion When two light nuclei ( ) A <10
are combined to form a heavier nuclei, the
binding energy of the fused heavier nuclei is more
that the binding energy per nucleon of the lighter
nuclei. Thus, the final system is more tightly
bound than the initial system. Again, the energy
will be released in fusion reaction.
(iii) The basic nuclear process of neutron undergoing
-decay is given as
n p e + +

Neutrinos interact very weakly with matter so,

they have a very high penetrating power. Thats
why, the detection of neutrinos is found very
difficult.
Set II
7. When the current begins to grow through the
electromagnet, the magnetic flux through the disc
begins to increase. This sets up eddy current in the
disc in the same direction as that of the
electromagnetic current. Thus, if the upper surface of
electromagnet acquires N-polarity, the lower surface
of the disc also acquires N-polarity. As same
magnetic poles repel each other, the light metallic
disc is thrown up.
9. Y A
1
and Y B
2

Y Y Y Y Y A B A B +
1 2
1 2
The equivalent gate of the given circuit is AND
gate.
Truth Table
A B Y
1
Y
2
Y
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
CBSE Solved Paper
0
10
8
6
4
2
50 100 150 200 250
Mass number ( ) A
B
i
n
d
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
e
r
n
u
c
l
e
o
n
(
M
e
V
)
238
U
197
An
127
I
100
Mo
56
Fe
12
S
12
S
14
N
16
O
12
C
4
He
6
Li
3
H
2
H
1
1
1/2 1/2
1/2 1/2
2
1
1
1